NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON IMPROVING THE UTILIZATION OF WHEAT BRAN IN LAYING HEN DIETS

Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (IV): ( - )

NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON

IMPROVING THE UTILIZATION OF WHEAT BRAN IN

LAYING HEN DIETS

By

I. M. Abaza*, M. N. Ali*, and M.S. Hassan** * Poul. Nutrition Dep. Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., ARC., Minis. of Agri, Dokki,Giza, Egypt.

** Poul. Breed. Dep. Anim. Prod. Res. Inst, Arc., Minis. Of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

iabaza @yahoo.com

Received: Accepted:

Abstract: A total number of laying hens Matrouh strain of weeks of

age were used to study the effect of using wheat bran in laying diets and the

possibility to improve feeding value of wheat bran when supplemented with

some feed additives. Hens were housed in individual cages and were

randomly divided into six equal treatments ( birds each) and were

approximately similar in body weight. Treatment was received the control

diet contained CP and Kcal ME/Kg. Treatment was received

the basal wheat bran diet(WB-diet) contained CP and Kcal

ME/Kg. Treatments and were received the WB-diet supplemented

with sodium sulphate (SS), kemzyme (KE) , SS plus

KE, or KE plus Radish extract (RE) , respectively.Birds were fed

the experimental diets for three months. Results showed that WB-diet

significantly reduced feed intake with no detrimental effect could be found

on feed conversion or egg quality. Addition of SS, KE, KE+SS, and KE+RE

improved feed conversion by , , and , respectively

compared to hens fed WB-diet without additives. Also, feed additives

improved egg weight and egg mass. Addition of KE+SS or KE+RE

improved digestion coefficients of CP, CF, NFE and appearent ME.

Addition of SS or KE+SS significantly increased the level of calcium in

serum. WB-diet decreased significantly yolk cholesterol. It could be

concluded that WB can be used up to in Matrouh laying hen diets,

also it can be used Kemzyme, sodium sulphate, Kemzyme plus sodium

sulphate or Kemzyme plus radish extract to improve egg number, egg

weight and feed conversion.

INTRODUCTION

Wheat bran, which is available at relatively low cost and in good

supply, is usually not included in appreciable quantities in the rations of

poultry diets because such poultry cannot utilize the nutrients from this

substance. Earlier studies by Taylor and Lerner ( ) reported that the

inclusion of or percent of wheat bran in a mash composed primarily

of ground whole grains, resulted in more rapid growth and earlier sexual

maturity. Cherry and Jones ( ) supplemented isonitrogenous diet with

wheat bran to feed White Leghorn hens from to days of age.

They found that neither body weights nor egg production of the hens

differed significantly compared to those fed a corn soybean meal basal diet.

Wheat bran contains an active phytase in ungerminated grain (Mollgaard,

; Abernethy et.al. ) the phytase in wheat bran may improve the

utilization of phytate phosphorus in diets when fed to animals (Nelson,

and ; and McGillivray, ). Ballam et.al ( ) showed that phytate

hydrolysis by chicks fed a diet containing wheat bran was greater than that

of those fed the corn-soybean meal basal diet. The fiber contains lignin,

Lapierre ( ) showed that no core lignin consist of low molecular weight

phenolics released from cell wall by mild hydrolysis. Fahey et.al ( )

showed that the phenolic nature of lignin itself may act as an inhibitor of the

enzymes since most phenolics are known to be enzyme inhibitors. Marenzi,

( ) and Arnold and De Meio, ( ) described experiments on the

conjugation of phenols with sulphate. From these experiments it was

apparent that sulphate esters of phenols could be synthesized in liver and in

intestinal tissue. In plant kingdom, peroxidases play a role in decreasing

phenolic content from pre-ripening to ripening. Monties ( ) compared

lignin peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase and indicated that horseradish

peroxidase is a ligninolytic enzyme. Ali ( ) found with broiler diet

contained wheat bran that sodium sulphate, enzyme, radish extract and

enzyme plus radish extract (RE) succeeded in improving performance and

digestibility of all nutrients. Also, he found that addition of RE to

commercial enzyme improved performance compared to enzyme alone.

The objectives of this study were to:

- Evaluate the dilution of laying diets with wheat bran.

- Determine the effect of Sodium sulphate, commercial enzyme

(Kemzyme), sodium sulphate + commercial enzyme or commercial

enzyme + radish extract on laying hens performance fed wheat bran

(WB) diet.

- Provide some detailed information on the effect of WB-diet and these

additives on some productive and physiological parameter of laying hens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present study was carried out at Bourg EL-Arab poultry station,

Animal production research institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza,

ARE. A total number of laying hens (Matrouh strain), weeks of age

were used. Birds were distributed randomly according to their weights into

separate layer cages in open system house and both feed and water were

provided ad libitum bas. The control diet and experimental diets were

formulated to be isonitrogenous but differ in metabolizable energy content.

The experimental diets were supplied to meet the requirements of the

Agriculture Ministry Decree ( ). Anhydrous sodium sulphate was

supplied by the Egyptian salt and mineral company. Radish extract was

prepared by cutting the root of radish into chips and put the chips into

carrotpress and the juice was collected into glass cups and then mixed with

diet. Kemzyme dry is a commercial enzyme preparation which contains

Alfa amylase ( u/g), protease ( u/g), beta – glucanase ( u/g) and

cellulase ( u/g). The used feed additives were added to the diets on the

expense of yellow corn. Laying hens were allotted on the following dietary

treatments:

. The control diet (Table ).

. WB-diet contained wheat bran (WB).

. WB-diet + % anhydrous sodium sulphate (SS).

. WB-diet + Kemzyme (KE).

. WB-diet + % SS + KE.

. WB-diet + KE+ %Radish extract(RE)

Body weight was recorded monthly for each hen. Also feed

consumption per hen per day, egg number and egg weight for each hen were

recorded daily to calculat egg mass. Six eggs from six hens from each of the

six groups were collected at the end of experimental period to determine egg

quality. At the end of the expermental period, three hens from each

treatment were randomly chosen, weighted, slaughtered and then the

carcasses were eviscerated and then (hearts, livers, spleens, kidneys,

abdominal fat, thymus, gizzard, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, ovary

and oviduct) were excised and weighted. The blood sample were taken,

centrifuged at RPM for minutes and the clear serum was separated

,then stored in at – ºC. Serum cholesterol, total lipids, calcium and

phosphorus were determined using suitable commercial kits. After

measuring the egg quality, yolk samples from each treatment were separated

from the broken eggs, and extracted to determine cholesterol according to

Folch et.al. ( ). At the end of feeding trial, three hens from each treated

groups were chosen randomly and housed individually in metabolic cages to

determine the nutrients digestibility coefficients of the experimental diets.

Proximate analysis was determined according to official methods

(A.O.A.C., ). Fecal nitrogen was determined by separating method of

trichloro acetic acid according to Jakobsen et.al. ( ). Moreover a sample

of radish extract was taken to measure peroxidase activity according to

method of Amako et.al. ( ). The peroxidase activity of radish extract is

expressed in a unit / milligram protein.

Peroxidase activity = u/mg protein. A measure of ration

density was determined for control and basal diets by measuring weight to

volume in graduated cylinder.The caloric value of feed and excreta was

determined in a standard adiabatic bomb. The statistical analysis was

computed using analysis of variance procedure and the significant mean

differences between treatment means were separated by Duncan’s Multiple

Range test procedure described in the SAS, (SAS, ).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Laying Hen Performance:

As shown in Table ( ) there were no significant differences between

treatments in egg number, egg weight or egg mass. The hen fed

WB+KE+SS diet recorded the highest value ( eggs). However,

dilution the hen diets with WB didn't affect either egg number or egg

weight. Cherry and Jones, ( ) reported that inclusion of WB at of

ration containing Kcal ME/Kg did not affect egg production. Stilborn

and Waldroup ( ) reported that reducing the dietary energy content from

to Kcal ME/kg had no effect on hen- day egg production with

diets containing up to wheat bran. The addition of SS numerically

increased EN, EW, and EM compare to WB-diet alone. Martinez and Roe

( ) showed that indol detoxification is impaired by protein restriction in

the diet which limits the sulfur needed for formation of indoxyl sulphate and

for growth. Levy ( ) showed that inorganic sulphate can also modify the

capacity of sulfatransferases to metabolize a xenobiotic. Ali ( ) found

that addition of SS to broiler diets contained % WB significantly

increased body weight. The addition of KE did not affect either egg number

or egg weight. However, Hattaba et. al. ( ) indicated that kemzyme

supplementation at rate of kg/ton of feed resulted in a significant

increase in egg production. On the other hand Abd El Ghany et-al ( )

found an increase in egg production due to enzyme supplementation was

insignificant. WB-diet significantly decreased feed intake compare to the

control diet. These results disagree with Cherry and Jones, ( ) who

found that inclusion of WB at of ration significantly increased feed

consumption. Decreasing feed intake in WB-diet may be due to decrease its

density compared to the control diet ( Vs g/cm ) and consequently

feed intake decreased due to the physical limitation. However, Harms et al.,

( ) suggested that feed intake of the hen is based on its need to meet

specific nutritional requirements and not necessarily on energy regulation.

Addition of SS, KE, KE plus SS or KE plus RE improved feed conversion

by , , and , respectively compared to WB-diet alone.

Ali ( ) found that addition of SS to broiler diets contained % WB

numerically decreased feed conversion. These results agree with the result

obtained by Graham and Pettersson ( ) who found with broilers that

enzyme supplementation from to days in broiler chick’s improved feed

conversion by about . Yakout et.al. ( ) found that enzyme

supplementation to layer diets contained WB improved feed

conversion. However, Newman and Newman ( ) reported that feed

conversion efficiency increases up to % when broiler chickens fed barely

diets supplemented with Beta-glucanase. These findings agree with Ali

( ) who found with broilers, that the addition of RE to enzyme had

improved feed conversion and indicating that RE may raise the activity of

exogenous enzyme through affecting the phenolic compound which act as

enzyme inhibitors ( Fahey et. al., ) . Dec and Bollag ( ) showed that

plant materials proved useful in decontamination of water polluted with

phenolic compounds and the detoxification effect was due to peroxidases

contained in plant tissue. However, Kroon et. al. ( ) found that total

phenol in wheat bran was mg/g, from results of Table ( ) it could be

concluded that SS or RE is important to achieve the maximum activity of

KE. There were insignificant differences in weight gain among the

experimental treatments.

Egg Quality:

The effects of treatments on egg quality are shown in Table ( ).

There were insignificant differences among treatments in egg length, egg

weadth, Yolk height, Albumin height, Shell weight, yolk weight, yolk

weight %, Albumin weight (%), Shell weight% and Haugh unit. There were

significant differences among treatments in shell thickness and shape index.

The hens fed WB-diet plus KE and SS recorded the lowest value (

mm) of shell thickness while those fed control diet recorded the highest

value ( mm). This effect may be due to the increased egg mass by

, and for hen fed KE, KE+SS or KE+RE, respectively

compared to hens fed WB-diet alone. However, Abd El Ghany et al . ( )

found that kemzyme supplementation did not have any significant effect on

shell thickness, albumin, Yolk and shell%. Also Igbasan and Guenter ( )

reported that yolk color score and shell thickness were not affected by

enzyme supplementation. Benabdeljeli and Barkok ( ) showed that

kemzyme supplementation to high barley diets for laying hens did not have

any significant effect on yolk color scores.

Digestibility Coefficient:

The effect of treatment on the nutrients digestibility coefficient and

apparent metabolizable energy (AME) are summarized in table ( ). The

addition of SS or RE to KE numerically but not significantly increased

digestion coefficient of crude protein compared to WB-diet. Ali ( )

found with broiler fed % wheat bran that addition of SS or enzyme BG

+RE significantly increased CP digestion coefficient compared to WB-diet

alone. However, the apparent protein digestibility was improved by

enzymes in broiler diet based on barley, rye, oat or wheat (Rotter et al.,

; Friesen et. al., ; Almirall et. al., ). There were significant

differences between treatments in crude fiber digestion coefficient. The

addition of SS or RE to KE improved digestion coefficient of crude fiber

compared to hen fed KE-diet alone. This effect may be due to the effect of

SS or RE in detoxification phenolic compound which are known to be

enzyme inhibitors. The addition of SS to WB diet decreased the digestion

coefficient of NFE with unknown reason. The addition of SS may be

increased passage rate and consequently decreased NFE digestion

coefficient. However; Attia and Abd El-Rahman ( ) found that barley

had the greatest digest a passage time as compared with other cereals,

whereas kemzyme supplementation decreased digest a passage time. It was

surprisingly that AME value of WB-diet was higher than calculated value.

We believed that AME value of wheat bran is higher than that present in

NRC ( ). Many factors affect ME value such as sodium chlorid,

(Sibbald and Slinger, ) dietary protein quality, (Sibbald et. al., )

and B-vitamins (Lockhart et al., ). Abou-Raya ( ) showed that

feeding value of mixed ration calculated from tables recording values of

separate ingredients of the mixture deviated greatly ( up to ) than from

the feeding obtained from direct feeding of the mixture in digestion trials.

The mixed wheat bran with salt, vitamin and source of protein may be

increased its ME value .Addition of SS or RE to KE improved AME value

compared to hen fed KE diet alone. However, Choct et.al. ( )

demonstrated that supplementation of a low-ME wheat diet with a

commercial glycanase preparation increased the AME by in - weeks

old broiler chickens. Also Kuzmick et. al. ( ) found that the ME value

for wheat bran either alone or with commercial cellulolytic enzyme were

and K cal/Kg DM, respectively. Data are shown in table ( )

showed that SS or RE are important for maximum KE activity.

Carcass traits:

Effects of dietary treatments on carcass traits are summarized in

Table ( ).There were insignificant differences between treatments in most of

the parameters under study. The hens fed WB-diet recorded numerically

higher value for gizzard weight compared to the other treatments. However,

Kondra et al. ( ) found that the addition of fiber resulted in significant

increase in weight and size of various components of the digestive system

including the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small and large intestine as well

as the length of the small and large intestines. The addition of KE

numerically decreased gizzard weight and intestine length. On the other

hand, Ali ( ), Soliman et.al, ( ) and Zeweil, ( ) found that values

of dressing, liver, heart, spleen and gizzard were not affected by enzyme

supplementation. Also, EI–Faham et.al. ( ), reported that enzyme

supplementation had no influence on carcass yield. On The other hand

Mohamed and Akila ( ) found that dressing, liver and abdominal fat of

birds fed high supplementation level ( kg/ ton) for commercial kemzyme

lower than the control, while low supplementation level ( kg/ ton) had no

significant effect on such measurements and no significant differences due

to the enzyme supplementation were observed among weights of gizzard

,stomach or spleen. However, Attia and Abd El-Rahman ( ) showed that

abdominal fat, liver, gizzard, giblets, pancreas, spleen and gallbladder

percentages were significantly affected by interaction between enzyme

supplementation or type and cereal grains in broiler diets specially when

barley was fed.

Blood Constituents:

Results of Table ( ) indicated that there were significant differences

among treatments in serum total lipid. The hens fed WB-diet recorded the

highest value. Ali ( ) in one of two experiments found that broilers fed

diet containing wheat bran recorded value of total lipid significantly

higher than the control diet. Similar results were reported by Abbas ( )

who found that sawdust (as a source of fiber) increased total blood lipids.

The average value of serum cholesterol ranged between to

mg/ ml without significant differences. Table ( ) showed that addition of

SS, KE or SS plus KE numerically decreased serum cholesterol compared

with WB-diet. Sharara et al ( ) found that serum cholesterol was to

some extent lower in hens fed rice bran than those fed control diet.

Analysis of variance for serum calcium indicated that the differences among

the experimental treatments were significant. However, Ballam et.al. ( )

showed that phytate hydrolysis by chicks fed a diet containing wheat bran

was greater than that of those fed the corn-soybean meal basal diet. Also,

addition of SS alone or with KE significantly increased serum calcium value

compared to control diet or WB-diet. The SS play a role in detoxification

phenolic compound and consequently increased the activity of phytase

presence in WB diet.Although there were significant differences between

calcium values, there were insignificant differences between phosphorus

values of dietary treatments meaning that the dietary treatments did not

affect the blood phosphorus content.

Yolk Cholesterol:

The effects of dietary treatments on yolk cholesterol mg/gm yolk are

shown in Table ( ). The WB-diet recorded significantly lower value

compared to the control diet. However, Sutton et.al. ( ) indicated that

both pectin and wheat bran diets depressed the total quantity of cholesterol

excreted (yolk, serum and liver) versus that from the control, alfalfa and

cellulose diet. Our results are agree with those obtained by Sharara et. al.

( ) who found a reduction of yolk cholesterol in hens fed on and

rice bran diets compared with the control diet. The fiber content of WB-diet

may be conjugated with bile salts and lead to their excretion through the

faeces. Kim and Han ( ) concluded that dietary fiber content was

correlated positively with cholesterol and bile acid contents of feaces and

negatively with serum cholesterol. From Table ( ) it is obvious that addition

of KE, KE+SS or KE+SS increased yolk cholesterol compared to hes fed

WB-diet alone. These results can be explained by the result of Aidukonene

and Kiguolene ( ) who found that supplementation of enzyme

preparation to the broiler diets increased concentrations of cholesterol in

broiler blood serum. Also, Pettersson and Aman ( ) found with oat bran

diet, the enzyme supplementation increased serum cholesterol

concentrations.

CONCLUSION

Results indicated that it can be used wheat bran up to in

Matrouh laying hen diets and use Kemzyme, sodium sulphate, Kemzyme +

sodium sulphate or Kemzyme + Radish extract improve egg number, egg

weight and feed conversion. Also, wheat bran diet reduced yolk

cholesterol.Further studies must be carried out in the near future on the use

of such feed additiives especially with RE in order to discover more

informations about these materials in feeding livestocks.

Table ( ): Composition and calculated analysis of the control and basal

diets.

Ingredients % Control diet WB diet

Yellow corn

Soybean meal ( )

Wheat bran

Lime stone

Premix*

Salt

Di calcium phosphate

DL methionine

Total

Calculated analysis**

CP

Kcal ME /kg

Crude fiber%

Crude fat %

Calcium %

Available phophorus %

Lysine %

Methionine %

Methionine + cystine

Sodium

.

* Premix contain per kg vit A , vit D IU, vit E mg, Vit K mg , vit

B mg, vit B mg, vit B mg, vit B mg, pantothenic acid mg, Niacin

mg, Biotin mg, Folic acid mg, Choline gm, Selenium mg, copper mg, iron

mg, manganess mg, zinc mg, iodine mg, cobalt mg and CaCO to g.

** According to Feed Composition Tables for animal and poultry feedstuffs used in Egypt ( ).

Table ( ): Approximate analysis of wheat bran (WB) %.

Moisture CP CF EE Ash NFE

Table ( ): Effect of experimental treatments on productive performance Parameters.

Dietary

treatment

EN

(hen/period)

EW

(g)

EM*

(g)

FI

(g/day/hen) FC** weight gain

Control a

±

WB-Diet bc

WB+SS bc

WB+KE c

±

WB+KE+SS ab

WB+KE+RE abc

±

a-c Means in the same column with different letters, differ significantly (P< ). Means + standard error

EN: egg number

EW: egg weight

EM: egg mass

FI : feed intake

*EM = egg weight X egg number

**FC = feed intake (g)/egg weight (g)

Table ( ): Effect of dietary treatments on egg quality of Matrouh strain

at weeks of age.

Parameters

Treatments

Control WB-Diet WB+SS WB+KE WB+KE+SS WB+KE+RE

Egg length (cm)

Egg breadth (cm)

Yolk height (mm )

Albumin height (mm)

Shell weight (g)

Shell thickness (mm) a a ab bc c abc

Yolk width (cm)

Yolk color

Yolk weight (g)

Yolk weight ( %)

Albumin weight (%)

Shell weight (%)

Shape Index (%) b

ab

a

a

a

ab

Haugh unit (%) . a-c Means in the same raw with different letters, differ significantly (P< ). Means + standard error.

Table ( ): Effect of dietary treatments on digestibility coefficients and

Apparent metabolizable energy.

Dietary Treatment CP EE CF NFE AME*

Control a

c

a

± ab

Diet WB ab

bc

a

ab

WB + SS b

c

b

b

WB + KE b

bc

a

± ab

WB + KE + SS ab

ab

a

± ab

WB + KE + RE a

a

a

± a

a-c Means in the same column with different letters, differ significantly (P< ).

Means + standard error

*On DM basis

Table ( ): Effect of dietary treatments on carcass characteristics at week.

Parameters

Treatments

Control WB-Diet WB+SS WB+KE WB+KE+SS WB+KE+RE

Dressed (%)

Heart (%)

Liver (%) a

Spleen (%)

Kidney (%)

Abdominal fat (%)

Ovary (%)

Oviduct (%)

Thymus (%)

Gizzard (%)

Proventriculus (%)

Pancreas (%) c bc a bc ab ab

Intestine length (m) a-d Means in the same raw with different letters, differ significantly (P< ). Means + standard error.

Table ( ): Effect of dietary treatments on some blood serum and yolk

cholesterol parameters of matrouh strain at weeks of age.

Parameters

Treatments

Control Diet WB WB+SS WB+KE WB+KE+SS WB+KE+RE

Cholesterol ( mg / ml)

Total lipids (g /l) ab a abc bc d ab

Calcium (mg /dl) c bc a b a bc

Phosphors (mg /dl)

Yolk cholesterol (mg /gm yolk) a c c abc bc ab a-d Means in the same column with different letters, differ significantly (P< ). Means + standard error.

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الملخص العربيدراسات غذائية و فسيولوجية على تحسين االستفادة من نخالة القمح في عالئق

الدجاج البياض

.**مجدي سيد حسن – *محمد نبيل علي – *إبراهيم محمد أباظة مصر –جيزة –الدقي –معهد بحوث االنتاج الحيواني -* قسم تغذية الدواجن

مصر -جيزة –الدقى –اإلنتاج الحيوانى معهد بحوث –** قسم تربية الدواجن

اسربو لدراسرة ترر ير اسرتخدام 37دجاجة بياضة من ساللة مطرروح عمرر 77استخدم عدد نخالة القمح في عالئق الدجاج البياض و كذلك امكانية تحسين القيمة الغذائية لها عرن طريرق بعرض

معرامالت 6ترم توزيعهرا عاروائيا فري االضافات الغذائيرة الردجاجات ترم اسركانها فري اقرراة فرديرة و طائر في المعاممة( وكانت اوزان الطيور متقاربة 27)

7773% بررروتين خررام و 26عميقررة قياسررية تحترروي عمررى المعاممررة االولررى تررم تغررذيتها عمررى % نخالرة قمرح 35كيمو كالوري لكل كجم، المعاممة ال انية تم تغذيتها عمى عميقة قاعدية تحتوي عمرى

كيمررو كررالوري طاقررة مم مررة لكررل كجررم 7222% بررروتين خررام و كررذلك 72 26و كانررت تحترروي عمررى % كبريترات الصروديوم 2القاعدية السابقة مضافا اليهرا تم تغذيتها عمى العميقة 6، 5، 4، 3المعاممة

% مسرررررتخمة 2% كيمررررزيم 2 7% كبريتررررات صررررروديوم، 2% كيمرررررزيم 2 7% كيمررررزيم، 2 7، الرجل عمى الترتيب واستمرت التجربة لمدة الث اهور

اوضحت النتائج ما يلي:

ير سري عمرى الكررا ة الغذائيرة عميقة نخالة القمح خرضت معنويا الغرذا المسرتهمك مرد عردم وجرود ترر او صرات جودة البيض

مستحضرررررر كيمرررررزيم الكبريترررررات -مستحضرررررر كيمرررررزيم -ادت اضرررررافة كرررررل مرررررن الكبريترررررات– ، 77 79، 58 29مستحضررررركيمزيم خالصررررة الرجررررل الررررى تحسررررين الكرررررا ة الغذائيررررة بمقرررردار

يقة النخالة فقط % عمى الترتيب بالمقارنة بالدجاجات التي غذيت عمى عم 35 7، 64 72

حسنت االضافات كل من وزن البيض و كتمة البيض

ادت اضافة كبريتات الصوديوم مستحضر كيمزيم أو خالصة الرجل مستحضر كيمرزيم الرى –كذلك المستخمة الخالي من النيتروجين و تحسن معامل هضم البروتين الخام و االلياف الخام و

الطاقة المم مة

الصوديوم أو كبريتات الصوديوم مستحضر كيمزيم الى زيادة معنويرة فري ادت اضافة كبريتات مستوى الكالسيوم في سيرم الدم

ادى استخدام عميقة نخالة القمح الى خرض معنوي في كوليسترول الصرار

في عالئق الدجاج البياض مطروح، 35النتائج تدل عمى انه يمكن استخدام نخالة القمح حتى %مستحضرر كيمرزيم كبريترات –كبريترات الصروديوم –مكن استخدام مستحضرر كيمرزيم كما انه ي

مستحضركيمزيم مستخمة الرجل كاضافات غذائيرة لتحسرين عردد البريض و وزن –الصوديوم البيض و كذلك الكرا ة الغذائية