Nutrition Midterm Practice

8/9/2019 Nutrition Midterm Practice

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N U TR 300 Autumn 2011 Exam 1

Please respond with the BEST answer for each question.

1. Energy-yielding nutrients include

A. vitamins, minerals, and water.

@carbOhydrates, proteins, and fats.

e . trace minerals and fat-soluble vitamins.

D. iron, vitamin C, and potassium.

2. The RDAsfor nutrients are

A. the minimum amount the 70 kg average man needs.

B. more than twice as high as anyone needs .

.liJ average requirements for a population.D. designed to meet nutrient needs for specific classes of people, children, elderly and during

pregnancy.

3. The vitamin or mineral content of a food, compared to its total energy content, is referred to as

A. natural density.

B. standard of identity.

: s > . nutrient density

D. caloric density.

4. Lymph

A. is like blood, since it contains mostly red blood cells.

B. is a fluid containing blood proteins.

e . recycles nutrients between the liver and the small intestine. ?~ transports fat soluble particles from the intestinal tract to the general circulation.

5. An example of a probiotic is

A. fiber in whole wheat bread.

bacteria in yogurt.

e . calcium in milk.

D. digestible carbohydrates in bananas.

A 1


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NUTR300 Autumn 2011 Exam 1

6. Bile is formed in the and stored in the _

A. stomach; pancreas

B. duodenum; kidney

C. liver; gallbladder

gallbladder; liver

7. The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing

A. bicarbonate only when food is in the stomach.

a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach.

C. hydroxyl ions to neutralize the acid.

D. antipepsin that destroys digestive substances.

8. Three important disaccharides are

A. actose, fructose, and maltose.

B. fructose, glucose, and galactose.

C. maltose, sucrose, and lactose. (

D. sucrose, fructose, and glycogen.

9. The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as protein, by a process

referred to as

A. glycogenesis

B. glycolysis

(() gluconeogenesis.

D. ketosis.

10. The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly as fuel.

glucose

B. protein

" - ethanol

~ fructose

A 2


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11. After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be

A. used for energy.

B. converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue.

e. converted into fat.

eAll ofthese choices are correct.

12. One consequence of insufficient intake of dietary carbohydrate is a condition called ketosis. Ketosis may

result from

A. starvation.

B. a diet of less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day.

e. untreated diabetes mellitus.

All of these choices are correct.

13. While suppresses gluconeogenesis, increases glycogen breakdown.

glucagon; insulin

B. insulin; glucagon

e. insulin; epinephrine

D. cortisol; glucagon

14. Pouches that form in the outside walls of the large intestine because of uncorrected constipation are

called

A. hemorrhoids.

'8.,. an ulcer.

~ diverticula

D. phytobezoars.

/

15. Which condition is not usually associated with type 2 diabetes?

~. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas'''\lI\

B. Hyperglycemia

" h . Age of onset usually over 40

C 3 - Low to abundant insulin secretion

A 3


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. NUTR300 Autumn 2011 Exam 1

16. Which carbohydrate matches plant starch?

A. Sucrose

B. Glucose

e . Amylose

D. Glycogen

17. What is the name ofthe digestive enzyme in saliva that digests starch?

A. lipase

B. synthetase

e . amylase

D. lactase

18. Bileis most important for the digestion and absorption of __ .

A. carbohydrates

B. proteins

e . fats

D. vitamins

19. Which of the following is the predominant monosaccharide produced by the digestion of all dietary

carbohydrates?

A. ribose

,fructose

e . galactose

glucose

20. Glycemic index is a rating system that compares portions of food with glucose to indicate

Q) how much that food will raise blood glucose levels.B. how long it will take to digest that food.

e . the protein and fat content of that food.

D. whether that food has as much energy as glucose.

A 4


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21. Nutrient deficiency and nutrient toxicity are examples of

@malnutrition.

, overnutrition.

C. undernutrition.

normal day to day changes in nutritional status.

22. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the estimated daily intake of a nutrient

A. that meets the needs 50% of healthy individuals in a given life-stage and sex category.

c .c g that meets the needs of 97% of healthy individuals in a given life-stage and sex category.

C. that is established when not enough evidence is available to set an Adequate Intake (AI) level.

D. that should not be exceeded.

23. Imagine that Tom has completed a food record and assessment and learns that his vitamin C intake is 20

mgfda . The EARfor vitamin Cfor men ofTom's age is 75 mg/day..the RDAis 90 mad the.!:!!: is

2,000 mgfday. Based on this information Tom should

A. conclude that his vitamin C intake is adequate.

ncrease his intake of vitamin C rich foods because he is not consuming enough.

take a vitamin C supplement of 2,000 mgfday.

24. Examples of nutrient dense foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, milk and

A. soft drinks.

B. jelly beans.

@ eggs.D. potato chips.

25. Nutrient absorption takes place in the enterocytes that line the outer surface of villi. Nutrients are

transferred

A. into capillaries and lacteals contained in each large fold of the intestinal lining.

B. into capillaries and lacteals contained in each villus.

o into capillaries and lacteal contained in each microvillus.

A 5


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26. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be a painful condition causing a burning sensation in the

chest. It is caused by

A. a failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter to close completely.

B. a failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter to open completely.

C. a failure of the pyloric sphincter to close completely.

@poor peristalsis in the esophagus.

27. After chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, the duodenum is protected from the acidic

chyme because

Ii:Jbicarbonate secreted by the pancreas neutralizes the chyme.

B. bile secreted by the gallbladder neutralizes the chyme.

C. enzymes secreted in the duodenum degrade the acid.

D. None ofthe above because the chyme is not terribly acidic when it leaves the stomach.

28. Water-soluble nutrients are transported in the when they leave the gastrointestinal tract,

whereas fat soluble nutrients are transported in the when they leave.the

gastrointestinal tract.

(i)blood, lymph

B. lymph, blood

C. urine, feces

~ blood, blood. There is no difference

29. Complex carbohydrates include all ofthe following except:

ymonosaccharides and disaccharides.

. polysaccharides.

~ dietary fiber.

D. starch and glycogen.

A 6


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30. is released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels, while is

released from the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels.

,~ .~Insulin; glucagon

B. Amylase, gastrin

C. Glucagon; insulin

D. Secretin, cholecystokinin

31. Glycogenolysis

A. is the breakdown of glycogen to form maltose.

@ occurs in response to insulin.

~ supplies glucose to the blood in response to glucagon.

~ provides a long term response to low blood glucose levels.

32. Ketones are~

A. made from amino acids.

n alternative fuel molecules produced when glucose is not available in the diet.

C. stored in the brain to support its function.

D. associated with weight gain over long periods of time.

33. Salivary amylase begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. The activity of salivary

amylase is halted in the stomach because

9f the acidic environment of the stomach.

B. starch digestion has concluded at that point.

C. its continued activity could damage the stomach lining.

D. secretion of salivary amylase into the duodenum would reduce the release of pancreatic amylase

form the small intestine.

A 7


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NUTR 300 Autumn 2011 Exam 1

34. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include gas, bloating and cramping. These symptoms are attributable

to

~ an immune response to lactose in the intestine .

.B. bacterial metabolism of lactose in the large intestine.

C. inflammation of the intestines due to the presence of lactose.

35. Type 1and type 2 diabetes

A. are both associated with symptoms of fatigue, frequent urination, and excessive thirst.

" i . . . are both associated with obesity.

C . , are both associated with hypoglycemia.

'9.... None of the above

36. In both type 1and type 2 diabetes glucose is not taken up by cells appropriately. The cause for this is

different in each disease. In type 1diabetes, insulin while in type 2 diabetes insulin

.of rom the pancreas is not recognized by cells; is not produced

B. is no longer produced by the pancreas; cannot interact with cells due to defects in the insulin

receptor

C. from pancreas is rapidly degraded; is made improperly

- t' tw . v37. Maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible is import~nt for people with w1\ner type

1or type 2 diabetes in order to \

A. preserve pancreatic insulin production.

, to save money on supplies.

@ reduce the risk of developing complications of the disease.

A 8


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38. Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?

A. Milk and eggs

B. Beef and pork barbeque

yf:'\~ Pasta and tomato sauce

D. Bacon wrapped sausages

39. Which of the following foods has the greatest nutrient density?

A. 2 cups of strawberry candies (200 kcal)

cup of fresh strawberries (100 kcal)

C. 1 cup of strawberry candies (100 kcal)

D. 8 fluid ounces of strawberry soda (100 kcal)

40. Which of the following is defined as severe protein-energy malnutrition with wasting present?

~washiorkor

@marasmus

C. diabetes

D. rickets

41. Hunger and appetite differ in that:

A. hunger is psychosocial, appetite is physiological.

~unger is typically a pleasant sensation, appetite is a negative sensation.

~hunger is physiological, appetite is psychosocial.

42. Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK)signals the gallbladder

to release a substance called

A. lipase.

B. pepsin.

A

C. chyme.

t!) bile.9


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NUTR 300Autumn 2011

Exam 1

43. Which statement is true regarding ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

A. They affect similar parts of the colon.

B. They affect similar parts of the small intestine.

&They have similar symptoms.

D. They can both be treated with antacids.

44. Which of the following temperature ranges provides optimal growth for the majority of food-borne

microbes?

A. 32-39F

B. 20-31"F

egO-lOOF

D. lSO-17soF

S. Washing hands is the easiest and most effective way to prevent food-borne illnesses. Another important

measure is to avoid cross contamination by

(i)keeping foods separated from each other during preparation.B. chilling foods to prevent microbes from growing.

C. cooking foods to their proper temperature.

D. buying foods on separate days.

Glucose molecules are the only molecules bound together in all ofthe following except:

A. glycogen ~

B . amylose

lactose - ~\\)t.\It t= ! ' " = ' k : '" hcellulose

~\_)

1

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47. The primary function of liver glycogen is

A. to provide amino acids to the muscles.

~ to maintain blood glucose.

C. to provide energy for digestion.

D. the storage of fat.

48. Trevor's doctor wants to screen him for type 1 diabetes. If his doctor's suspicions are correct and Trevor

does have type 1 diabetes, what would you expect his blood glucose concentration to be at

approximately TWO HOURS after he had begun his glucose tolerance test?,-

A. Elevated as compared to a non-diabetic individual.

B. Depressed as compared to a non-diabetic individual.

C. Normal; two hours after consuming the glucose load, his blood concentrations will be no different

from those of a non-diabetic individual.

D. Extremely depressed as compared to a non-diabetic individual.

49. Individuals with celiac disease must

A. eliminate fruits from their diets.

B. omit all corn and corn-containing foods from their diets.

C. eliminate casein-containing foods from their diets.

@omit wheat and wheat-containing foods from their diets.

50. Which of the following is TRUE regarding type 1 diabetes?

Its increased prevalence is linked to the rise in obesity.

B. Therapy typically is limited to the use of hypoglycemic medications.

c . It has been diagnosed only in individuals over the age of 20.

@ Because individuals do not produce any insulin, treatment always involves insulin therapy.

A 11

Nutrition Midterm Practice

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