NUTRITION & METABOLISM

NUTRITION & METABOLISM

Just the basics…

What 2 things do we use nutrients for?

1st Stop: The Liver

• Blood that has just picked up nutrients from the small intestine flows first to the liver (via the “hepatic portal vein”). Why?

• The liver

Fuel ‘er up!

• In cells, ______ are burned first

• If lacking, _____ are burned

• If carbs & fats are lacking (as in starvation, anorexia, or bulimia), ______ are burned

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration

Blood Sugar (Glucose) Balance

• Excess glucose is stored in ________ & ________cells as carbohydrates (glycogen), which can then be converted back into glucose when needed.

• This balance is regulated by two hormones produced in the pancreas: _________& ___________

“Carb. Loading”• By resting muscles and

eating lots of carbs 2-3 days before an endurance event, you can get your muscles to store almost twice as much glycogen as usual, which then allows them to sustain endurance exercise up to 50% longer.

Essential vs. Nonessential Amino Acids

• Proteins (polymers) are made up of 20 different __________________.

• Essential amino acids are

• Nonessential can be missing from your diet because

Essential vs. NonessentialAmino Acids

So what are vitamins for then?

• Vitamins (organic) and minerals (inorganic) help _________ do their job of breaking down and building molecules.

• Too low or too high a concentration of vitamins can be dangerous. A well-balanced diet is the best way to stay healthy.

You gotta regulate…• (Dietary) Fiber is the

indigestible parts of plants

• It coats• Helps to• Helps to • Good for (since it never turns to

fat)

Metabolic Rate• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)

• If you consume fewer calories than your TMR, you lose weight; if you consume more calories that your TMR, you gain weight. [A calorie is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree C.]

Metabolic & Eating Disorders• Anorexia:

• Bulimia:

• Obesity:

• Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM):

Kwashiorkor: enough calories but not enough protein

• Causes

• Causes

• Ascites results from deficiency of plasma proteins-changes osmotic balance of blood thus promotes osmosis of H2O from blood to peritoneal space

Marasmus

• Results from

• Progressive wasting of