Nutrition and Weight Management
Jan 11, 2016
Nutritionand
Weight Management
Lecture ObjectivesLecture Objectives
1. Explain the significance of dietary reference intakes and daily values.
2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need to make.
3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and athletes.
4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices about food.
5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements and which groups might benefit from supplements and why.
6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.
7. Explain the energy balance equation.
Nutritional Guidelines: Nutritional Guidelines: Planning Your DietPlanning Your Diet
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and Daily Values
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Food Guide Pyramid
Dietary Guidelines for Dietary Guidelines for AmericansAmericans
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk products
Fats Carbohydrates Little salt Potassium-rich foods Alcoholic beverages, do so in
moderation, in situations that do not put yourself or others at risk
Nutrient DensityNutrient Density
Leading Sources of Calories Leading Sources of Calories in the American Dietin the American Diet
1. Regular soft drinks (7.1% of total calories) 2. Cake, sweet rolls, doughnuts, pastries (3.6%) 3. Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, meat loaf (3.1%) 4. Pizza (3.1%) 5. Potato chips, corn chips, popcorn (2.9%) 6. Rice (2.7%) 7. Rolls, buns, English muffins, bagels (2.7%) 8. Cheese or cheese spread (2.6%) 9. Beer (2.6%)10. French fries, fried potatoes (2.2%)
Source: Block, G. 2004. Foods contributing to energy intake in the U.S.: Data from NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2000. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 17: 439–447.
MyPyramid.govMyPyramid.gov
Vegetarian Food PyramidVegetarian Food Pyramid
Vegetarian Diets and HealthVegetarian Diets and Health
Lower in:saturated fatcholesterol
Higher in:complex carbohydratesfiberfolatevitamins C and Ecarotenoidsphytochemicals
Concerns:vitamin B-12vitamin Dcalcium ironzinc
Dietary Challenges for Dietary Challenges for Special Population GroupsSpecial Population Groups Women Men College students
See pg. 255, Eating Strategies for College Students
Older adults Athletes
People with special health concerns, discuss with physician or dietitian.
Nutritional Planning: Making Nutritional Planning: Making Informed Choices About FoodInformed Choices About Food
Food labels
Dietary supplements
Organic food
FoodFoodLabelsLabels
Read labels to learn more about your food choices.
Dietary SupplementsDietary Supplements
May contain powerful bioactive chemicals
Not regulated the way drugs are by the FDA in terms of testing and manufacture
May interact with prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements
Should you take supplements?
Organic FoodsOrganic Foods
Organic foods tend to have lower levels of pesticide residues than conventionally grown crops
Organic
A Personal Plan:A Personal Plan:Applying Nutritional PrinciplesApplying Nutritional Principles
Assess your current diet
Set goals for change
Try additions and substitutions to bring your current diet closer to your goals
Plan ahead for challenging situations
Weight ManagementWeight Management Obesity has doubled since Obesity has doubled since 19601960
At current rates, all At current rates, all American adults will be American adults will be overweight by 2030overweight by 2030
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to Excess Body FatExcess Body Fat
Genetic factorsGenetic factors Physiological Physiological
factorsfactors Metabolic rateMetabolic rate HormonesHormones Yo-yo dietingYo-yo dieting
Lifestyle factorsLifestyle factors EatingEating Physical activityPhysical activity Psychological factorsPsychological factors
Energy-Balance EquationEnergy-Balance Equation
Lecture SummaryLecture Summary1.1. Explain the significance of dietary reference Explain the significance of dietary reference
intakes and daily values.intakes and daily values.
2.2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need to make.to make.
3.3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and athletes.athletes.
4.4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices about food.about food.
5.5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements and which groups might benefit from supplements and and which groups might benefit from supplements and why.why.
6.6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.
7.7. Explain the energy balance equation.Explain the energy balance equation.