Nutrigenomics

NutrigenomicsFatma Yeliz Çakır

Dublin Institute of Technology

Nutritional Aspects of Food Production Module, February 2015

Human Genome Project (HGP)

Determination of the complete sequence of the human genome

Charazterization of single gene disroders

Charazterization of multiple gene disorders

Source: National Science Foundation, 2000

Nutrigenomics

Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics

Epigenetics

DNA

mRNA Proteins

Metabolites

What is Nutrigenomics?

20-25000 genes

100000 transcripts

80-100000proteins

50000 (?)metabolites

Source: www.nature.com

Nutrigenomics & Nutrigenetics: Two Sides of a Coin

Mutch D, et al. (2005) FASEB Journal 19:1602-1616.

Nutrigenomics; the application of genomics in nutritional research, eg. The way in which food ingredients influence the gene

Nutrigenetics; study of individual differences at the genetic level influencing genetic response.

Differences at SNP level

Exogenous factors!

Change in gene expression or phenotype !

Non-sequence dependent inheritance!

Epigenetics:A new bridge between Nutrition and Health

Temperature dependent polyphenism Identical twins with

different hair colours

Epigenetics:A new bridge between Nutrition and Health

http://vimeo.com/79827169

www.experivida.com

Proper functioning of Methyl Cycle helps reduce the risk of …

•B vitamins & B12•Choline•Folate•SAMe•TMG•DMAE•Whole Foods (such as garlic, eggs, beef, tuna, collard greens, etc.)

Some Methyl Donors:

Folate in 1-Carbon Metabolism

Individual Gene Responses

Fish-Oil supplementation induces anti-inflammatory gene expression profiles in human blood mononuclear cells

Leptin Therapy

A child with a mutation on Leptin geneFarooqi, I. S. and S. O'Rahilly (2004). Recent Prog Horm Res 59: 409-24.

Conclusion and Future Perspective

(1) Nutrigenomics researchers must know the challenge of understanding polygenic diet related diseases.

(2) Short-term goals:

to identify the dietary signals. to elucidate the dietary sensor mechanisms. to characterize the target genes of these sensors. to understand the interaction between these signalling pathways and pro-inflammatory

signalling to search for sensitizing genotypes. to find ‘signatures’ (gene/protein expression and metabolite profiles).

(3) Long-term goals:

Nutrigenomics is to help to understand how we can use nutrition to prevent many of the same diseases for which pharmacogenomics is attempting to identify cures.

SNP database will be effect on disease risk.

Future personalized diets

Conclusion and Future Perspective

Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food.

- Hippocrates, 400 BCEThank you!

References

1. National Human Genome Research Institute, (2012), Understanding Our Genetic Inheritance,http://www.genome.gov/10001477

2. The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression, http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-role-of-methylation-in-gene-expression-1070

3. Folate in one-carbon metabolism, http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v3/n8/box/nrc1144_BX2.html

4. The 'smart' combination of molecular nutrition and nutrigenomics,

5. http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n4/fig_tab/nrg1047_F1.html

6. Trujillo E, Davis C, Milner J. Nutrigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the practice of dietetics.J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Mar;106(3):403-13. Review.

7. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml