Ericsson Confidential NUMBER PORTABILITY 1 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No. Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference 2009-10-29 PA1 Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho) Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN):
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Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
1 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN):
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
2 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Abstract: This doc will provide the idea of using E.164 address in NPDB scenario. How the schema will be implemented in the practical scenario. MNP is implemented in different ways across the globe. In India, Telecom authority has suggested to implement the MNP by using ACQ schema. So, Here we will concentrate on the implementation of ACQ .
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
3 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Database Queries in the NP Environment As indicated earlier, the ACQ schemes require that a switch query the NPDB for routing information. Various standards have been defined for the switch-to-NPDB interface. The NPDB query contains the dialed directory number and the NPDB response contains the routing number. There is certainly other information that is sent in the query and response. The primary interest is to get the routing number from the NPDB to the switch for call routing. The implementation of Number Portability in the network is done with Data Transcript changes (mainly changes on C7 analysis and B number analysis), parameter settings and features activation.
Call Routing in the NP Environment This section discusses the call routing after the routing information has been retrieved either through an NPDB query or an internal database lookup at the donor switch, or from the Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) signaling message (e.g., for the Drop back scheme). For the ACQ, QoR and Drop back schemes, it is the Originating Network that has the routing information and is ready to route the call. For the OR scheme, it is the donor network that has the routing information and is ready to route the call. A number of triggering schemes may be employed that determine where in the call path the NPDB query is performed. In the U.S. a "N-1" policy is used, which essentially says that for local calls, the originating local carriers performs the query. Otherwise, the long distance carrier is expected to follow through with the query. To ensure independence of the actual trigger policy employed in any one carrier, forward call signaling is used to flag that an NPDB query has already been performed and to therefore suppress any subsequent NP triggers that may be encountered in downstream switches, in downstream networks. This allows the earliest able network in the call path to perform the query without introducing additional costs and call setup delays when redundant queries are performed downstream.
Security Considerations
In the PSTN, the NPDB queries are generated by the PSTN switches and carried over the SS7 networks to reach the NPDBs and back to the switches. The SS7 networks are operated by telecommunications operators and signaling transport service providers in such a closed environment that make them difficult for the hackers to penetrate. It is recommended that the NPDB queries be transported via a secure transport layer or with added security mechanisms to ensure the data integrity.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
4 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Implementation Concept TRAI has recommended that ACQ schema should be used as a MNP solution in the country. There are somes option available for implementing ACQ schema.
1. Direct Query to NPDB database. 2. Local NPDB Query a. Local NPDB as an Independent Node b. Local NPDB is associated in the STP as a local data base. As MNP enables the subscribers to retain their mobile number when subscriber moves one operator to another so it should be implemented nationally at a time. When a subscriber wants to ported out from a network, he has to asked for a new SIM as IMSI needs to be changed.
Terminology associated with ACQ (All Call Query) – Originating Network
o It is the network where the calling party is currently connected.
Donor Network
o The initial network where the number was located before being ported.
Recipient Network
o The network where a number is located after being ported.
Routing Prefix
o Routable number to identify the Service provider, Technology and the Service area for
the called party. Centralized Clearing House (CCH)
o Administered by a Neutral Third party. o Responsible for –
Negotiation between Donor & Recipient Operator during porting process. Central NP Database Administration
o Capital & Operational cost of CCH is borne by all the Operators
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
o Subscriber approaches Recipient Operator first. o The Recipient then approaches Donor via Central Clearing House (CCH) for porting
process completion. Operator’s Ported-out number (MDN) Usage
o Donor Operator shall not use the Ported-out number till it is in use by the subscriber. o Number shall be reverted back to the Donor Operator once surrendered by the
subscriber. o Donor Operator is responsible for tracking the Quarantine Period.
MNP Solution Overview Central NPDB will be holding the ported Subscriber information and it will be located centrally. In the result of NPDB query, it will provide a prefix in the B number which will uniquely identify the Recipient Operator Technology (GSM / CDMA) and service area. The Originating network re-route the call based on response of query –
o Towards HLR for its own Non-Ported subscribers and Ported - in subscribers. o Towards other operator using the routing prefix via IAM (Cld party no = Prefix +MSISDN)
for Ported-out subscribers.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
6 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Some Option of ACQ:
OPS: Operator Provisioning System For the MNP implementation , following options are available for the operator – Option 1:
o Direct query to the Central NPDB via Operator’s gateway. Option 2:
Originating Network
Called
Subscriber
1. 2
3. Re - Routing
Donor Network
(Sub’s original N/W)
NPDB Number
Portability database
Calling
Subscriber
Recipient Network
NPDB Query Prefix +
MSIDN
ACQ - Direct Routing Methodology, without the involvement of Donor Operator
Central
NPDB
Centralized Clearing House
Directly querying
Central NPDB Option 1
Local NPDB
Query (with STP) - option 2(b)
Operator
Gateway
Integrated
Local GW & OSS
GW
STP Local
NPDB
Local NPDB
Query (independent
Node) - option 2(a)
OSS
GW STP
Local
NPDB
Centralized Clearing House (CCH)
OPS OPS
Central side
Operator side
Operator 1
Operator 2
Operator 3
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
o Housing Local NPDB (replica of Central NPDB) as an Independent node, at Operator’s premises.
Option 3:
o Housing Local NPDB (replica of central NPDB), co-located with STP at the Operator’s premises.
Flow Chart of ACQ
STP based ACQ Implementation
Subscriber originates a Call
Originating network query the NPDB
Is the subscriber
ported
STP returns a
routing Prefix
Route the call
to other operator With its prefix.
Is the subscriber
ported-in
Call Termination locally
Non ported Subs belongs to
other operator ?
NPDB returns a
routing Prefix
Re-Route the call
to recipient based on prefix
YES
YES
NO
NO YES
NO
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
8 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Option 1: Direct Query to Centralized NPDB
Pros No need to maintain local NPDB.
Initial Investment cost will be low. Cons Noticeable Delay in the call processing.
Connectivity cost will be high.
Central NPDB should have necessary interface to connect to Operators.
More suitable to small operators & content providers.
Centralized
Clearing
House +
Central NPDB
Operator’s gateways
Operator
Network
Network Interface
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
9 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Option 2(a) - Local NPDB as an Independent Node at the Operator’s Premises.
Pros
Local NPDB will be maintained at Operators side.
STP will query the local NPDB for every call. Cons
Additional signaling links between the independent local NPDB & the STP.
Delay in call processing.
Suitable for Operators who don’t have a separate STP.
OSS gateway BSS/OSS
Core
NEs
STP
Centralized
Clearing House
+ Central NPDB
Local
NPDB
Network Interface
Centralized
Clearing House
+ Central NPDB
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
10 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Option 2(b)- Local NPDB co-located with STP
Network Element Layer
o ACQ Implementation
• STP with in-build LNPDB and ACQ capabilities • All network elements will connect to STP for ACQ
o Local NPDB
• Exact replica of centralized NPDB • Timely synchronized with centralized NPDB • Repository of ported subscribers information
Local GW
+ OSS GW
Local
NPDB
STP Centralized
Clearing House
+ Central NPDB
Pros
Local NPDB will be maintained at Operators side.
STP will query the local NPDB for every call.
OSS GW & Local GW are integrated in one platform.
Additional signaling links for Local NPDB query not required.
Optimize use of existing STP capabilities.
Cons
Processing load on STP will increase.
BSS/OSS
Network Interface
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
MNP CALL SCENARIOS
MNP Call Scenarios - Intra-circle
Aircel
O-MSC/GMSC
Local
NPDB
STP
HLR IN HLR SMSC
Central Clearing
House Database
Other
Operator
GMSC 1
2
3
6
4
5
Locreq response (LRN + MSISDN)
IAM (LRN + MSISDN)
Query Response (LRN prefix)
Local NPDB query
LOCREQ ( B party MSISDN)
- LRN = routing prefix
A Party = Aircel Non- Ported Subscriber. B Party = Aircel Ported out subscriber.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
MNP Call Scenarios - Intra-circle
Local
NPDB
ST
P
IN HLR
SMSC
Aircel
Serving MSC
MNP Call Scenarios - Intra circle
1
2
3
7
8
6
4
5
Aircel
O-
MSC/GMSC
Query Response (HLR PC )
Locreq Response (TLDN )
Central
Clearing
House
Database
LOC REQ ( B party MSISDN)
Local NPDB query
Locreq Response (TLDN)
IAM ( TLDN)
- LRN = routing prefix
A Party = Aircel Non- Ported Subscriber. B Party = Other operator’s subscriber Ported in to Aircel.
LOC REQ ( B party MSISDN)
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
SMS Call flow
Loca
l
NPD
B
Central
Clearing
House
Database
SM
SC
Aircel
O-MSC Other
Operator
MSC
Other
Operator
GMSC
Other
Operator
HLR
S
T
P
1 SMDPP_MO
2 Local NPDB query
Query Response (LRN prefix) 4
SMDPP_MO (B party = LRN +MSISDN) SMDPP_MO
_rr 5
SMDPP_MO_rr
6
SRI ( B party = MSISDN)
SRI ( B party = MSISDN) 8
9
SRI ( B party = MSISDN)
SRI resp 10
SRI resp (s-MSC add)
11
12
Forward Short
Message
13
14
Forward Short
Message 15
Forward Short
Message
3
7
A Party = Aircel Non-Ported Subscriber of circle X B Party = Other operator’s Ported-out subscriber of circle Y.
SRI resp (s-MSC add)
SMS deposition HLR Query SMS Termination
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Prepaid subscriber call
Aircel O-MSC/GMSC
Local NPDB
STP
HLR
IN HLR SMSC
1
2
6 5 IDP (LRN+Prefix)
Connect (B party = LRN Prefix+MSISDN)
IDP
7
3
4 Central Clearing House Database
Rest of the call flow will remain same as for A normal prepaid subscriber.
Local NPDB query
Query Response (LRN prefix)
Connect (B party = LRN Prefix+MSISDN)
Other Operator MSC
IAM ( LRN + MSISDN) 8
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
15 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
Kinkar Choudhury Approved Checked Date Rev Reference
2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Network Impact
STP
o Development is required at the STP, for the interception of IS-826 message (ANALYZED) for the prepaid calls.
MSC Impacts
o Development is required for intimating calling party via an announcement, if called party is a ported-out/ported in subscriber
SMSC Impacts
o Development is required for striping off the routing prefix from B party MSISDN before terminating the SMS
o In the SMS- MT, the SMSC shall strip off the prefix from the MAP layer & shall add it in the SCCP layer.
IN Impacts /Billing Impacts
o IN MNP functionality needs to be activated.
o End of call notification (USSD) should be routed through STP, here STP will do the SCCP routing as IN does not has the information about customer HLR.
o Tariffs in SDP need to be changed.
o CDR format of CCN and SDP will be changed.
o Activation of FNR (SRF and MNP data access features)
o Activation of NP features for charging in the MSC.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
16 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
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2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
o Activation of FNR (SRF and MNP data access features)
o Activation of NP features for charging in the MSC.
Distinction of ON-net/OFF-net calls via an announcement/special tone
o Development is required for intimating calling party via an announcement, if called party is a ported-out/ported in subscriber.
o Handling of port-out/in requests.
Validation of porting-in/out subscribers.
o Reasons for porting fallouts:
Before porting, the subscriber needs to be authenticated for security reasons. And during registration in the central data base and recipient network if any technical fault happen it should be checked by both third party (NPDB) and recipient network engineers.
o Notification of successful porting to the ported-in subscribers:
A notification should be sent to the doner network and the ported in subscriber.
o Time duration for porting:
Time duration of the porting needs to be fixed as it is directly related to the synchronization process of local NPDB database with central NPDB database.
Provisioning of Port–in/out subscribers.
o When a new subscriber wants to ported in the network, he has to assign a new IMSI and the information needs to be updated in the central NPDB database which will be handled by third party. In the same way ported out subscriber information needs to be updated in the same network.
o If a ported in customer wants to port out to other network, his information needs to be updated in the central NPDB database handled by third party.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Time of synchronization from Central database.
o Time synchronization schedule needs to be fixed, like ones in a day. But keep in mind that it should be lees than the process of ported out or ported in of subscriber.
Subscriber Porting mechanism
o Break before Make
• Service Deactivation at donor before service activation at recipient.
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
18 (27) Prepared (also subject responsible if other) No.
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2009-10-29 PA1
Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Location Routing Numbers List Sl. No.
Name of Licensee Company Service Area Type of Licence
Mobile Network
LRN
1 Aditya Birla Telecom Ltd. Bihar UAS GSM 5500
2 Aircel Cellular Limited Chennai CMTS GSM 5501
3 Aircel Ltd. Andhra Pradesh UAS GSM 5502
4 Aircel Ltd. Delhi UAS GSM 5503
5 Aircel Ltd. Gujarat UAS GSM 5504
6 Aircel Ltd. Karnataka UAS GSM 5505
7 Aircel Ltd. Maharashtra UAS GSM 5506
8 Aircel Ltd. Mumbai UAS GSM 5507
9 Aircel Ltd. Rajasthan UAS GSM 5508
10 Aircel Ltd.
Tamilnadu (excluding Chennai Service Area) CMTS GSM 5509
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
Abbreviations and Acronyms ACQ All Call Query AIN Advanced Intelligent Network AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System ANSI American National Standards Institute API Application Programming Interface C7 Common Channel Signaling System Number 7 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CdPA Called Party Address CdPN Called Party Number CH Code Holder CIC Carrier Identification Code CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing CMIP Common Management Information Protocol CO Central Office CS1 Capability Set 1 CS2 Capability Set 2 DN Directory Number DNS Domain Name System ENUM Telephone Number Mapping ETSI European Tecommunications Standards Institute FCI Forward Call Indicator GAP Generic Address Parameter GMSC Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center or Gateway Mobile Switching Center GNP Geographic Number Portability GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GSTN Global Switched Telephone Network GTT Global Title Translation GW Gateways HLR Home Location Register IAM Initial Address Message IETF Internet Engineering Task Force ILNP Interim LNP IN Intelligent Network INAP Intelligent Network Application Part INP Interim NP IP Internet Protocol IS-41 Interim Standards Number 41 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISUP ISDN User Part ITN Individual Telephony Number ITU International Telecommunication Union ITU-TS ITU-Telecommunication Sector LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LEC Local Exchange Carrier LERG Local Exchange Routing Guide
Ericsson Confidential
NUMBER PORTABILITY
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Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): (ekincho)
LNP Local Number Portability LRN Location Routing Number MAP Mobile Application Part MNP Mobile Number Portability MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number MTP Message Transfer Part NANP North American Numbering Plan NGNP Non-Geographic Number Portability NOA Nature of Address NP Number Portability NPA Numbering Plan Area NPDB Number Portability Database NRN Network Routing Number OR Onward Routing OSS Operation Support System PCS Personal Communication Services PNTI Ported Number Translation Indicator PODP Public Office Dialing Plan PUC Public Utility Commission QoR Query on Release RN Routing Number RTP Return to Pivot SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part SCP Service Control Point SIP Session Initiation Protocol SMR Special Mobile Radio SPNP Service Provider Number Portability SRF Signaling Relaying Function SRI Send Routing Information SS7 Signaling System Number 7 STP Signaling Transfer Point TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TN Telephone Number TRIP Telephony Routing Information Protocol URL Universal Resource Locator U.S. United States