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The purpose of this book is to identify the words and phrases that children need to
understand and use if they are to make good progress in mathematics. It is designed to
support the National Numeracy Strategy alongside the Framework for Teaching
Mathematics .
This booklet will be of particular interest to you if you are:
a class teacher
a member of staff supporting pupils learning English as an additional language
a special needs teacher or assistant
a classroom assistant working with pupils in mathematics lessons
a parent or other adult supporting children in class or at home
Why is the book needed?There are three main ways in which children’s failure to understand mathematical vocabulary
may show itself: children do not respond to questions in lessons, they cannot do a task they
are set and/or they do poorly in tests.
Their lack of response may be because:
they do not understand the spoken or written instructions,
such as ‘draw a line between…’, ‘ring…’ or ‘find two different ways to…’
they are not familiar with the mathematical vocabulary,
that is, words such as ‘difference’, ‘subtract’, ‘divide’ or ‘product’
they may be confused about mathematical terms,
such as ‘odd’ or ‘table’, which have different meanings in everyday English
they may be confused about other words,
like ‘area’ or ‘divide’, which are used in everyday English and have similar, though more
precise, meanings in mathematics
There are, then, practical reasons why children need to acquire appropriate vocabulary so
that they can participate in the activities, lessons and tests that are part of classroom life.
There is, however, an even more important reason: mathematical language is crucial tochildren’s development of thinking. If children don’t have the vocabulary to talk about division,
or perimeters, or numerical difference, they cannot make progress in understanding these
To help you introduce appropriate mathematical language at the right time, this book
provides four pages of vocabulary checklists for each year group. The first three pages
for each year cover mathematical vocabulary relating to the Framework for Teaching
Mathematics , organised according to its five strands:numbers and the number system
calculations
solving problems
handling data
measures, shape and space
Using and Applying Mathematics is integrated throughout.
The fourth page for each year group lists the language commonly used when
giving instructions about mathematical problems, both in questions in national testsand in published resources.
The words listed for each year include vocabulary from the previous year, with new
words for the year printed in red from Year 1 onwards. Some words may appear under
different strands in different years, as their meaning is expanded or made more
specific.
Class teachers can use these lists to identify the vocabulary relating to a series of
lessons they are planning. They can make provision for the introduction of new
vocabulary and the consolidation of familiar terms. They can ask support staff and
parents to emphasise this vocabulary for an appropriate period.
The checklists are not intended to be exhaustive; you can add more words if you would
like to do so.
How do children develop their understanding ofmathematical vocabulary?
Teachers often use informal, everyday language in mathematics lessons before or
alongside technical mathematical vocabulary. Although this can help children to grasp
the meaning of different words and phrases, you will find that a structured approach to
the teaching and learning of vocabulary is essential if children are to move on andbegin using the correct mathematical terminology as soon as possible.
Some children may start school with a good understanding of mathematical words
when used informally, either in English or their home language. Find out the extent of
their mathematical vocabulary and the depth of their understanding, and build on this.
You need to plan the introduction of new words in a suitable context, for example, with
relevant real objects, mathematical apparatus, pictures and/or diagrams. Explain their
meanings carefully and rehearse them several times. Referring to new words only once
will do little to promote learning. Encourage their use in context in oral sessions,
particularly through your questioning. You can help sort out any ambiguities or
misconceptions your pupils may have through a range of open and closed questions.Use every opportunity to draw attention to new words or symbols with the whole class,
in a group or when talking to individual pupils. The final stages are learning to read and
write new mathematical vocabulary in a range of circumstances, ultimately spelling the
– discuss ways of tackling a problem, collecting data, organising their work…
– hypothesise or make predictions about possible results
– present, explain and justify their methods, results, solutions or reasoning, to the
whole class or to a group or partner
– generalise, or describe examples that match a general statement
reading aloud and silently, sometimes as a whole class and sometimes
individually,for example, reading:
– numbers, signs and symbols, expressions and equations in blackboard
presentations
– instructions and explanations in workbooks, textbooks, CD-ROMs…
– texts with mathematical references in fiction and non-fiction books and books
of rhymes during the literacy hour as well as mathematics lessons
– labels and captions on classroom displays, in diagrams, graphs, charts and
tables…
– definitions in illustrated dictionaries, including dictionaries that they themselveshave made, in order to discover synonyms, origins of words, words that start with
the same group of letters (such as triangle, tricycle, triplet, trisect…)
writing and recording in a variety of ways, progressing from words,phrases and short sentences to paragraphs and longer pieces of writing,for example:
– writing prose in order to describe, compare, predict, interpret, explain, justify…
– writing formulae, first using words, then symbols
– sketching and labelling diagrams in order to clarify their meaning
– drawing and labelling graphs, charts or tables, and interpreting and making
predictions from the data in them, in mathematics and other subjects
?On this and the following page are further examples of questions tohelp you promote good dialogue and interaction in mathematicslessons
Below are examples of closed questions with just one correct answer and open questions which have a number
of different correct answers. Open questions give more children a chance to respond and they often provide agreater challenge for higher attaining pupils, who can be asked to think of alternative answers and, in suitable
cases, to count all the different possibilities.
Closed questions Open questions
Count these cubes.
A chew costs 3p. A lolly costs 7p.
What do they cost altogether?
What is 6 – 4?
What is 2 + 6 – 3?
Is 16 an even number?
Write a number in each box so
that it equals the sum of the two
numbers on each side of it.
Copy and complete this addition table.
What are four threes?
What is 7 x 6?
How many centimetres are there in a metre?
Continue this sequence: 1, 2, 4…
What is one fifth add four fifths?
What is 10% of 300?
What is this shape called?
This graph shows
room temperature
on 19 May.
What was the
temperature at
10.00 am?
How could we count these cubes?
A chew and a lolly cost 10p altogether. What could
each sweet cost?
Tell me two numbers with a difference of 2.
What numbers can you make with 2, 3 and 6?
What even numbers lie between 10 and 20?
Write a number in each circle so
that the number in each box
equals the sum of the two numbers
on each side of it. Find different
ways of doing it.
Find different ways of completingthis table.
Tell me two numbers with a product of 12.
If 7 x 6 = 42, what else can you work out?
Tell me two lengths that together make 1 metre.
Find different ways of continuing this sequence:
1, 2, 4…
Write eight different ways of adding two numbersto make 1.
numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens…more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pairguess how many, estimatenearly, close to, about the same as just over, just undertoo many, too few, enough, not enough
COMPARING AND ORDERING NUMBERS
the same number as, as many asOf two objects/amounts: greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenthlast, last but onebefore, after
nextbetweenabove, below
Adding and subtracting
add, more, and
make, sum, totalaltogetherscoredoubleone more, two more, ten more…how many more to make… ?how many more is… than…?take (away), leavehow many are left/left over?how many have gone?one less, two less… ten less…how many fewer is… than…?
patternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count, sortgroup, setmatchsame, differentlist
PROBLEMS INVOLVING ‘REAL LIFE’OR MONEY
comparedoublehalf, halvepaircount out, share outleft, left over
moneycoinpenny, pence, pound
pricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same ashow much…? how many…?total
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)
measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, close to, about the same as just over, just under
LENGTH
length, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, close
numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens…
more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pair
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERING
units, onestensexchangedigit‘teens’ number
the same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts: greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersize
first, second, third… tenth, eleventh… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATING
guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toabout the same as just over, just under
too many, too few, enough, not enough
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
+, add, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more… ten morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?
−, subtract, take (away), minusleavehow many are left/left over?
how many have gone?one less, two less, ten less…how many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve
patternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count out, share out, left, left overnumber sentencesign, operation
MONEY
moneycoinpenny, pence, poundpricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same as
how much…? how many…?total
Organising and using data
count, sort, vote
group, setlistsame, differenttable
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)
measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, close to, about the same as just over, just under
LENGTH
length, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, closemetreruler, metre stick
numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)
count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tensmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rule
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERING
units, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:
greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentiethtwenty-first, twenty-second…
last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATING
guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to
about the same as just over, just underexact, exactlytoo many, too few, enough, not enoughround, nearest, round to the nearest ten
FRACTIONS
part, equal partsfractionone wholeone half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quarters
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?
−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve
=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups of
×, times, multiply, multiplied bymultiple ofonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…
group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of
÷, divide, divided by, divided intoleft, left over
pattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculation jottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol
slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice
tell medescribenamepick outdiscusstalk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…
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YEAR 3
20
Numbersand the number system
COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS
AND NUMBER SEQUENCES
numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)
count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tens, hundredsmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rulerelationship
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERING
units, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal to
Of two objects/amounts: greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten more, one hundred moreone less, ten less, one hundred lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentieth
twenty-first, twenty-second…last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATING
guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to
approximate, approximatelyabout the same as just over, just underexact, exactlytoo many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down)nearest, round to the nearest ten
FRACTIONS
part, equal partsfractionone whole
one half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quartersone third, two thirds, three thirdsone tenth
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference between
half, halve=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundary
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
lots of, groups of
×, times, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarray
row, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…
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YEAR 3
group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of
÷, divide, division, divided by, divided intoleft, left over, remainder
count, tally, sort, votegraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setlist, chart, bar charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)
measuresizecomparemeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to,about the same as, approximately just over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…kilometre (k m ), metre (m ), centimetre (c m )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
ascend, descendgridrow, columnclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass pointnorth, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)horizontal, verticaldiagonalmovementsliderollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn
angle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright anglestraight linestretch, bend
before, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?
units, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts: >, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller thanOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizefirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternext
between, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately just over, just underexact, exactlytoo many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearestround to the nearest tenround to the nearest hundredinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBER
SEQUENCES
number, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinue
one wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixthfifth, tenth, twentiethproportion, in every, for everydecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal place
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
add, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same as
tens boundary, hundreds boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
lots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, column
double, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse
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YEAR 4
25
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONING
pattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod jottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation
table, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)
measure, measurement
sizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unit
measuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close toabout the same as, approximately just over, just under
LENGTH
length, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so on
far, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeterkilometre (k m ), metre (m )centimetre (c m ), millimetre (m m )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (c m 2 )
TIME
timedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, monthyear, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holiday
calendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night
am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?
units, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many as
equal toOf two objects/amounts: >, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than
≥, greater than or equal to
≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending order
first… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, after, nextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately
≈, is approximately equal to just over, just underexact, exactlytoo many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearestround to the nearest ten/hundred
round to the nearest thousandintegerpositive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBER
SEQUENCES
number, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredict
part, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancel
one wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentieth, hundredthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %
CalculationsADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
add, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halve
how many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
lots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…
times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equally
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YEAR 5
one each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse
USING A CALCULATOR
calculatordisplay, key, enter, clearconstant
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONING
pattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategy jottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentence
chance, good chancepoor chance, no chancerisk, doubt
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)
measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unit
metric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close toabout the same as, approximately just over, just under
LENGTH
length, width, height, depth, breadth
long, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeterkilometre (k m ), metre (m )centimetre (c m ), millimetre (m m )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
area, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (c m 2 ), square metre (m 2 )square millimetre (m m 2 )
TIME
timedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, monthyear, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, nightam, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, last
now, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually
listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me
put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit, separate
carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choose, decidecollect
use, make, build, construct, bisect
tell me, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/ reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your working justifymake a statement
read, write, recordwrite in figures
present, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end
fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow
cost, count, tally
calculate, work out, solve, convertinvestigate, questionanswercheck
General
same, differentmissing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dice, spinnerdominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips
units, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts: >, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than
≥, greater than or equal to
≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts: greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending orderfirst… tenth… twentieth
last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately
≈, is approximately equal to just over, just underexact, exactlytoo many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest
round to the nearest ten/hundred/thousandinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBER
SEQUENCES
number, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigit
part, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancel
one wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentiethhundredth, thousandthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
add, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference between
half, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
lots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, product
once, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarray, row, columndouble, halve
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YEAR 6
share, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse
pattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategy jottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?
data, databasegraph, block graph, line graphpictogram,representgroup, set
list, chart, bar chart, bar line charttally charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least commonmode, range, mean, average, medianstatistics, distributionmaximum/minimum valueclassify, outcome
PROBABILITY
fair, unfair
likely, unlikely, likelihood, equally likelycertain, uncertainprobable, possible, impossiblechance, good chance,poor chance, no chanceequal chance, even chance, fifty-fifty chancerisk, doubtbiased, random
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to
about the same as, approximately just over, just under
LENGTH
length, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeter, circumference
kilometre (k m ), metre (m )centimetre (c m ), millimetre (m m )mile, yard, feet, foot, inches, inchruler, metre stick, tape measure, compasses
weigh, weighstonne, kilogram (k g ), half-kilogram, gram (g )pound (l b ), ounce (o z )balance, scales
CAPACITY
capacityfull, half full, emptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, centilitre (c l ), millilitre (m l )pint, galloncontainer, measuring cylinder
AREA
area, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (c m 2 ), square metre (m 2 )square millimetre (m m 2 )
TIME
timedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month
year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, nightam, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less time
how long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockGreenwich Mean Time, British Summer TimeInternational Date Linehow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually
Instructionslisten, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me
put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change overadjusting, adjustsplit, separate
carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choose, decidecollect
use, make, build, construct, bisect
tell me, define, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your working justifymake a statement
read, write, recordwrite in figures
present, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end
fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow