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NUEL BELNAP: CURRICULUM VITAE

PRESENT POSITION: Alan Ross Anderson Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Professor of Sociology, Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, and Professor of the Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh.

PERSONAL: born Evanston, Illinois, May 1, 1930.

EDUCATION: B. A., University of Illinois, 1952; M. A., Yale University, 1957; Ph. D., Yale University, 1960.

EMPLOYMENT:

Yale University, Department of Philosophy, Instructor, 1958-1960; Assistant Professor, 1960--1963.

University of Pittsburgh, Department of Philosophy, Associate Professor, 1963-1966; Professor, 1966 to date; Professor of Sociology, 1967 to date; Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, 1971 to date; Alan Ross Anderson Lecturer, 1983-84; Alan Ross Anderson Distinguished Professor, 1984 to date; Professor in the Intelligent Systems Program, 1988 to date.

University of California at Irvine, Visiting Professor of Philosophy, Winter, 1973. Indiana University, Visiting Oscar R. Ewing Professor of Philosophy, Fall, 1977,

Fall, 1978, and Fall, 1979.

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS: American Philosophical Association; Associa­tion for Symbolic Logic (Program Committee Chairman, 1961; Executive Com­mittee, 1970--1973; representative to Section L ofthe AAAS, 1974-84; Commit­tee on reviews policy, 1974-1976; Oversight Committee 1988-1989; Nomination Committee 1989); American Association for the Advancement of Science; So­ciety for Exact Philosophy (Vice president, 1971-1974; President, 1974-1976; Program coordinator, 1978; treasurer, 1979-80); Mind Association (U. S. trea­surer, 1974 to date).

FELLOWSHIPS AND PRIZES:

Predoctoral: Tew Prize, Yale, 1955; Sterling Junior Fellow, Yale, 1955-1956; Fulbright Fellow, Louvain, Belgium, 1957-1958.

Postdoctoral: Morse Research Fellow, 1962-1963; Guggenheim Fellow, 1975-1976; National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (declined), 1975-1976; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Fellow (partially funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities), 1982-1983; Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1988-.

357

358 NUEL BELNAP: CURRICULUM VITAE

EDITORIAL BOARDS: American Philosophical Quarterly, 1966-1978; Journal of Philosophical Logic, 1970 to date (treasurer, 1970-1976; vice president, 1976-82; chairman of the Board of Governors, 1982-1988); Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 1970 to date; Philosophy of Science, 1975 to date; StudiaLogica, 1976 to date; Philosophical Research Archives, 1976 to date.

GRANTS, CONSULTANTSHIPS, AND RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS:

Director of a program of Summer Undergraduate Research and Independent Study, sponsored by the National Science Foundation (National Science Foun­dation Grants 11848 and G21871), 1960-63.

Consultant, Office of Naval Research (Group Psychology Branch) Contract SAR! Nonr-609(16), "Problem solving and social interaction," 1960-63.

Consultant, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, c. 1961-1967.

Associate investigator, National Science Foundation Grant No. GS-190, "An investigation of some non-classical systems of mathematical logic," 1963-65.

Consultant, University of Pittsburgh Knowledge Availability Center, 1963-66. Senior research associate, Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of

Pittsburgh, 1964-1978; Fellow, 1979 to date. Principal investigator, National Science Foundation Grant No. GS-689, "An

investigation of some non-classical systems of mathematical logic," 1965-68. Co-designer, under a grant from International Business Machines to the Univer­

sity of Pittsburgh, of a course on the use of computers for research in the humanities, 1965-67.

Working Group 2.2 (Formal Description of computer languages), International Federation of Information Processors, 1967-1976. Travel to meetings in Vienna (1967), Sardinia (1968), Copenhagen (1968), and Vienna (1969) was supported by the University of Pittsburgh.

Senior Research Fellow, Programming Research Group, Oxford University, Hi­lary Term, 1970. Sabbatical from Pittsburgh.

Principal investigator, National Science Foundation Grant GS-28478, 1971-1976.

Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, January-March, 1976. Consultant, Westinghouse Research Laboratory, May, 1981.

NUELBELNAP:DOCTORALSTUDENTS

Giannoni, Carlos 1966 Conventionalism in logic

Meyer, Robert 1966 Topics in modal and many-valued logics

Dunn, J. Michael 1966 The algebra of intensional logics

Woodruff, Peter 1969 Foundations of three-valued logic

Garson, James 1969 The logics of space and time

Wilson, Kent 1969 Are modal statements really metalinguis-tic?

Grover, Dorothy 1970 Topics in propositional quantification

Manor, Ruth 1971 Conditional forms: Assertion, necessity, obligation, and commands

Urquhart, Alasdair 1972 The semantics of entailment

Pottinger, Garrel 1972 A theory of implications

Broido, Jonathan 1974 Generalization of model theoretic notions and the eliminabilityof quantification into modal contexts

Vandernat, Arnold 1974 First-order indefinite & generalized se-mantics for weak systems of strict-impli-cation

Birmingham, Robert L. 1976 Law as cases

Helman, Glen 1977 Restricted Lambda Abstraction and the in-terpretation of some non-classical logics

Parks, R. Zane 1977 Studies in philosophical logic & its history

Gupta, Anil 1977 The logic of common nouns: an investi-gation in quantified modal logic

359

360

Cohen, Daniel

Horty, John

Garfield, Jay

Kremer, Michael

NUEL BELNAP: DOCTORAL STUDENTS

1983

1986

1986

1986

The logic of conditional assertion (Indiana University; J. Michael Dunn, co-director)

Some aspects of meaning in non-con­tingent language

Cognitive science and the ontology of mind

Logic and truth

NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS

Articles (except reprintings) are *' d. Monographs and books are **'d. Unmarked items are abstracts, reviews, reprints, etc.

1955 *1. ''Two components of existence," Ideas, vol. 5 (1955), pp. 21-26.

1958 2. "A modification of Ackermann's 'rigorous implication'" [by A. R. Anderson

and NOB] (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 23 (1958), pp. 457-458.

1959 *3. "EQ and the first order functional calculus," appendix to Completeness­

theorems for the systems E of entailment and EQ of entailment with quan­tification by A. R. Anderson, Technical report No.6, Office of Naval Research (Group Psychology Branch) Contract SAR/Nonr-609(16), New Haven, 1959, pp. 25-27. Also appears in Zeitschriftfilr mathematische Logik, vol. 6 (1960), pp.217-218.

*4. "Modalities in Ackermann's 'rigorous implication'" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 107-111.

5. "Pure rigorous implication as a 'Sequenzen-kalkiil '" (abstract),Journal of sym­bolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 282-283.

6. "A proof of the Lowenheim-Skolem theorem" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB] (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 285-286.

7. "Tautological entailments" (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), p.316.

*8. "A simple treatment of truth functions" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB],Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 301-302.

9. "A simple proof of GOdel's completeness theorem" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB] (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 320--321.

1960 ** 10. A formal analysis of entailment, Technical report No.7, Office of Naval Re­

search (Group Psychology Branch) Contract SAR/Nonr-609(16),New Haven, 1960,pp. viii, 107.

* 11. "Independent axiom schemata for the pure theory of entailment" [by A. R. Anderson, NDB and J. R. Wallace], Zeitschriftfilr mathematische Logik, vol. 6 (1960), pp. 93-95.

361

362 NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS

12. Book note: Axiomatic set theory (New York, 1960) by P. Suppes, Review of metaphysics, vol. 14 (1960-61),p. 175.

13. Review of "Existential presuppositions and existential commitments" (Journal of philosophy, 1959) by J. Hintikka,Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960), p.88.

14. Review of ''N ondesignating singular terms" (Philosophical review, 1959) by H. Leblanc and T. Hailperin, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960), pp. 87-88.

15. Review of ''Towards a theory of definite descriptions" (Analysis, 1959) by J. Hintikka,Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960),pp. 88-89.

*16. "Entailment and relevance," Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960),pp. 144-146.

17. "First degree formulas" (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960), pp.388-389.

1961 *18. ''First degree entailments" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Technical report

No. 10, Office of Naval Research (Group Psychology Branch) Contract SARI Nonr-609(16), New Haven, 1961, pp. iv, 35.

* 19. "A decision procedure for the system EI- of entailment with negation" [by NOB and J.R. Wallace], Technical report No. 11, Office of Naval Research (Group Psychology Branch), Contract SAR/Nonr-609(16), New Haven, 1961, pp. 31.

20. Book note: Leviathan: a simulation of behavioral systems, to operate dynam­ically on a digital computer (Santa Monica, 1959) by B. K. Rome and S. C. Rome,Review of metaphysics, vol. 15 (1961-62),p. 195.

21. Book note: Formal representation of intentionally structured systems (Santa Monica, 1959) by B. K. Rome and S. C. Rome, Review of metaphysics, vol. 15 (1961-62), p. 195.

22. Book note: Markov learning models for multi person interactions (Stanford, 1960) by P. Suppes andR. C. Atkinson,Review of metaphysics, vol. 15 (1961-62),p.196.

*23. ''Enthymemes'' [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Journal of philosophy, vol. 58 (1961),pp.713-723.

*24. ''Tonk, Plonk and Plink," Analysis, vol. 22 (1961-62),pp. 130-134.

1962 *25. ''Tautological entailments" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Philosophical stud­

ies, vol. 13 (1962), pp. 9-24. *26. "Intuitionism reconsidered" [by H. Leblanc and NOB], Notre Dame journal of

formal logic, vol. 3 (1962), pp. 79-82. *27. "The pure calculus of entailment" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Journal of

symbolic logic, vol. 27 (1962), pp. 19-52.

1963 28. ''First degree entailments" [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Mathematische

Annalen, vol. 149 (1963), pp. 302-319. A slightly revised version of item 18.

NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS 363

29. Review of Computers and common sense (Columbia University Press, 1961) by M. Taube, Modern uses of logic in law, March 1963, pp. 34-38.

*30. "A rule-completeness theorem" [by NDB and R. H. Thomason], Notre Dame journal offormallogic, vol. 4 (1963), pp. 39-43.

**31. An analysis of questions: preliminary report, System Development Corpora­tion, Santa Monica, California, 1963, pp. 160.

32. Review of Natural deduction (Wadsworth, 1962) by J. M. Anderson and H. W. Johnstone, Jr., American mathematical monthly, 1963.

33. Review of "The number of classes of invertible boolean functions" (Journal ACM, 1963) by M. A. Harrison, Computing reviews, vol. 4 (1963), p. 138.

34. Review of Truth{unctional logic (The Free Press of Glencoe, New York, 1962) by J. A. Faris, Computing reviews, vol. 4 (1963), p. 229.

*35. "On not strengthening intuitionistic logic" [by NDB, H. Leblanc and R. H. Thomason], Notre Dame journal offormallogic, vol. 4 (1963),pp. 313-320.

36. "On not strengthening intuitionistic logic" [by NDB, H. Leblanc and R. H. Thomason] (abstract), read at December 1963 meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 28 (1963), p. 297.

1964 37. Review of "A logic of questions and answers" (Philosophy of Science, 1961),

Communication: A logical model (The M.I.T. Press, 1963), and "A model for applying information and utility functions" (Philosophy of Science, 1963) by D. Harrah, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 29 (1964), pp. 136-138.

1965 38. Review of "A measure of subjective information" by R. Wells, Structure of

language and its mathematical aspects, Proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics, vol. 12, American Mathematical Society, 1961, pp. 237-244, and "Comments" by J. D. Sable and R. Wells, ibid., pp. 267-268. Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 30 (1965), pp. 244-245.

39. "A decision procedure for the system EI- of entailment with negation" [by NDB and J. R. Wallace], Zeitschriftfur mathematische Logik, vol. 11 (1965), pp. 277-289. A revision of item 19.

1966 40. "Questions, answers, and presuppositions," Journal of philosophy, vol. 63

(1966), pp. 609-611. Abstract of a paper read at the 1966 meeting of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association.

41. Combined review of three articles by B. Sobocinski and six articles by I. Thomas, all on Lewis-like modal logics, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 31 (1966),pp.498-500.

*42. "Intensionally complemented distributive lattices" [by NDB and J. Spencer], Portugaliae Mathematica, vol. 25 (1966), pp. 99-104.

364 NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS

1967 *43. "Intensional models for first degree formulas," Journal of symbolic logic,

vol. 32 (1967), pp. 1-22. 44. "Special cases of the decision problem for entailment and relevant implication,"

Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 32 (1967), pp. 431~32. Abstract of a paper read at the 1967 meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic.

45. "Homomorphisms of intentionally complemented distributive lattices" [by J. M. Dunn and NDB] (abstract),Journalof symbolic logic, vol. 32 (1967), p. 446.

*46. "Comments on H. Simon's 'The logic of heuristic decision making, '" The logic of decision and action, ed. N. Rescher, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967, pp.27-31.

47. "Tonk, Plonk and Plink," Philosophical logic, ed. P. F. Strawson, Oxford, 1967, pp. 132-137. A reprinting of item 24.

1968 *48. "Homomorphisms of intensionally complemented distributive lattices" [by J.

M. Dunn and NDB], Mathematische annalen, vol. 176 (1968), pp. 28-38. 49. ''Entailment'' [by A. R. Anderson and NOB], Logic and Philosophy, ed. G.

Iseminger, New York, 1968, pp. 76-110. A version of item 27, with some revisions, deletions, and additions. Also contains a portion of item 25.

*50. ''The substitution interpretation of the quantifiers" [by J. M. Dunn and NDB], Nous, vol. 2 (1968),pp. 177-185.

51. Reviews of three articles by C. A. Meredith and A. N. Prior, one by A. F. Bausch, and one by M. J. Cresswell, Zentralblatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete, vol. 146 (1968), pp. 8-9.

1969 *52. "Aqvist's corrections-accumulating question-sequences," Philosophical logic,

ed. J. W. Davis, D. J. Hockney, and W. K. Wilson, Reidel, 1969, pp. 122-134. *53. "Questions: their presuppositions, and how they can fail to arise," The logical

way of doing things, ed. K. Lambert, Yale University Press, 1969, pp. 23-37.

1970 *54. ''Every functionally complete m-valued logic has a Post-complete axiomatiza­

tion" [by NOB and S. McCall], Notre Dame journal of formal logic, vol. 11 (1970), p. 106.

*55. "Conditional assertion and restricted quantification," Nofls, vol. 4 (1970), p. 1-13.

56. Review of "A propositional logic with subjunctive conditionals" (Journal of symbolic logic, 1962) by R. B. Angell, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 35 (1970),pp. 4~65.

1972 *57. "S-P interrogatives," Journal ofphilosophicallogic, vol. 1 (1972),pp. 331-346.

58. "Foreword" to A general interpreted modal calculus by A. Bressan, Yale Uni­versity Press, 1972, pp. xiii-xxv.

NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS 365

1973 *59. "Quantifying in and out of quotes" [by NDB and D. L. Grover], Truth, syntax,

and modality, ed. H. Leblanc, North-Holland, 1973, pp. 17-47. *60. "Restricted quantification and conditional assertion," Truth, syntax, and modal­

ity, ed. H. Leblanc, North-Holland, 1973, pp. 48-75.

1974 61. "A memorial note on A. R. Anderson," Metaphilosophy, vol. 5 (1974), pp. 73-

75.

1975 *62. "A prosentential theory of truth" [by D. L. Grover, J. L. Camp, Jr. and NDB],

Philosophical Studies, vol. 27 (1975), pp. 73-125. 63. "A useful four-valued logic" (abstract), Proceedings 0/ the 1975 International

Symposium on Multiple-valuedLogic, eds. N.B. Cocchiarella,J.M. Dunn,G.E. Epstein, and S. Shapiro, available from IEEE Computer Society, Long Beach, California, p. 399.

*64. "Grammatical propaedeutic," The logical enterprise, ed. A. R. Anderson, R. B. Marcus, and R. M. Martin, Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 143-165.

**65. Entailment: the logic o/relevance and necessity, vol. I [by A. R. Anderson and NDB], Princeton University Press, 1975, pp. xxxii, 542.

*66. "Testing matrix claims interactively on a computer," Cirpho, vol. 3 (1975), pp.7-9.

1976 **67. The logic 0/ questions and answers [by NDB and T. B. Steel and with a Bibli­

ography of the theory of questions and answers by U. Egli and H. Schleichert], Yale University Press, 1976, pp. vi, 209.

*68. "The two property," The relevance logic newsletter, vol. 1 (1976), pp. 173-180. *69. "How a computer should think," Contemporary aspects o/philosophy, ed. G.

Ryle, Oriel Press, 1976, pp. 30-55.

1977 70. "Relevant analytic tableaux" [by M. A. McRobbie and NDB] (abstract), The

relevance logic newsletter, vol. 2 (1977), pp. 46-49. 71. "Entailment (vol. 1) errata," The relevance logic newsletter, vol. 2 (1977),

pp.176-182. *72. "A useful four-valued logic," Modern uses o/multiple-valued logic, ed. J. M.

Dunn and G. Epstein, D. Reidel, 1977,pp. 8-37.

1978 *73. "BINDEX: a book indexing system," Scholarly publishing, vol. 9 (1978),

pp. 167-170. 74. A reprinting of item 24. Contemporary Philosophical Logic, ed. I. M. Copi

and J. A. Gould, St. Martin's Press, pp. 44-48.

366 NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS

1979 *75. "Rescher's hypothetical reasoning: an amendment," The philosophy 0/

Nicholas Rescher: discussion and replies, ed. E. Sosa, D. Reidel, 1979, pp.19-28.

*76. ''Relevant analytic tableaux" [by M. A. McRobbie and NDB], Studia Logica, vol. 38 (1979), pp. 187-200.

1980 *77. "A consecution calculus for positive relevant implication with necessity" [by

NDB, A. Gupta, and J. M. Dunn], Journal o/philosophicallogic, vol. 9 (1980), pp. 343-362. (By error the title appeared as "A consecutive .... ")

*78. "Modal and relevance logics: 1977," Modern logic-a survey, ed. E. Agazzi, D. Reidel, 1980, pp. 131-151.

1981 79. Photograph: inside dust cover of Mind design, ed. J. Haugeland, Bradford

Books, Montgomery, VT, 1981. *80. "Entailment and the disjunctive syllogism" [by NDB and J. M. Dunn], Contem­

porary philosophy. A new survey., vol. 1, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague/Boston/ London,1981,pp.337-366.

*81. "Logica docens and relevance," Teaching philosophy, vol. 4 (1981), pp. 419-427.

82. Russian translation of item 67: Logi/w voprosov i otvetov [by NDB and T. Steel, Jr.], translated by G. E. Krejdlin, edited and with foreword and notes by V. A. Smirnov and V. K. Finn, Progress Publishers (17 Zubovsky Blvd., Moscow 119021), 1981, pp. 288. Also included are translations of items 69 (pp. 208-239) and 72 (pp. 240-267).

83. Russian translation of item 43. Semantika modal' nix i intensional' nix logik, compiled, edited and with an introductory essay by V. A. Smirnov, Progress Publishers (17 Zubovsky Blvd., Moscow 119021), 1981, pp. 325-362. The translation is by A. L. Nikiforov.

1982 *84. "Questions and answers in Montague grammar," Processes, beliefs, and ques­

tions, ed. S. Peters and E. Saarinen, D. Reidel, 1982, pp. 165-198. 85. Reprintingsofitems 26 and 35. Existence, truth and provability by H. Leblanc,

State University of New York Press, Albany, 1982, pp. 385-389 and pp. 390-396.

*86. "Display logic," Journal of philosophical logic, vol. 11 (1982),pp. 375-417. *87. "Gupta's rule of revision theory of truth," Journal of philosophicallogic, vol. 11

(1982), pp. 103-116. *88. "Approaches to the semantics of questions in natural language (II)," Philosoph­

ical essays dedicated to Lennart Aqvist on his fiftieth birthday, ed. T. Pauli, University ofUppsala, Sweden, 1982, pp. 16-33.

NUEL BELNAP: PUBLICATIONS 367

1983 *89. "Approaches to the semantics of questions in natural language (I)," Meaning.

use. and interpretation of language, ed. R. Bauerle, C. Schwarze, and A. von Stechow, Walter de Gruyter, 1983, pp. 22-29.

*90. "Symbolization trees," unit 25 of Understanding symbolic logic by V. Klenk, Prentice-Hall, 1983, pp. 402-411.

91. "Display logic" (abstract), Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 48 (1983), p. 907.

1984 *92. "Proof tableau formulations of some first-order relevant ortho-Iogics" [by M.

A. McRobbie and NDB], Bulletin of the section of logic, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, vol. 13 (1984), pp. 233-240.

1986 93. "Approaches to the semantics of questions in natural language: part I," From

models to modules: studies in cognitive science from the McGill Workshops, eds. I. Gopnik and M. Gopnik, Ablex Publishing Corporation, Norwood, NJ, 1986, pp. 257-284. In spite of the agreement of this title with that of item 89, this is essentially a reprinting of a combination of items 88 and 89.

1987 *94. "A note on extension, intension, and truth," [by A. Gupta and NDB] Journal

ofphilosophy,pp. 168-174,1987. 95. "Foreword" to Imperatives by C. L. Hamblin, Basil Blackwell, 1987. 96. German translation of item 62. Der Wahrheitsbegriff: Neue Erkliirungs­

versuche. Edited by L. B. Puntel. (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchge­sellschaft), 1987. The translation is by I. Dumitriv and V. Winko.

1988 *97. "Seeing to it that: a canonical form for agentives" [by NDB and M. Perloff],

Theoria, vol. 54 (1988)pp. 175-199.

INDEX OF NAMES

Abdali, S. K. 229 Achinstein, P. 356 Ackermann, W. 62, 75-6 Aczel, P. 116, 120, 122 Akmajian, A. 32 Anderson, A. R. 61-2, 75-7, 83-4,

95, 97, 106-7, 109, 111, 117, 135, 149, 154, 231, 247, 265

Appiah, A. 129, 132 Aquinas, T. 89 Aquist, L. 154 Asquith, P. 356

Bacon, F. 343 Baker, C. 32 Barendregt, H.P. 229 Barwise, J. 113,117,122 Bayes, T. 290, 299 Bealer, G. 245, 265 Belnap, N. 1, 4, 9, 17, 19, 31-2,

49-52, 61-2, 75-7, 83-4, 95, 97, 104, 106-7, 109, 111, 117, 127-9, 132, 135, 148-9, 154-5, 175, 177, 183-5, 187, 194, 231-3, 239-43, 247, 265, 271-2, 280-1, 283, 307-8, 325, 345

Benacerraf, P. 181, 194, 197-8, 201-2

Beth, E. W. 307, 325 Bishop, E. 177 Blanshard, B. 77, 86, 92, 95 Blok, W. 189 Bolles, R. 99, 109 Bonotto, C. 247,265 Bosanquet, B. 81, 95 Bowie, L. 107 Brachman, R. 267, 279, 281 Brady, R. 132 Brandom, R. 11, 17, 47 Bressan, A. 265

369

Brodie, M. 281 Broome, J. 353 Brouwer, L. E. J. 177 Butler, J. 36, 38

Camp, J. 4,17,19 Campell, R. 329, 343 Care, N. 103, 109 Carnap, R. 315, 325 Chandrasekhar, S. 343, 327 Chellas, B. 194 Cherniak, C. 98, 100-1, 109 Chihara, C. 34, 47 Chomsky, N. 98 Chrysippus 97 Church, A. 62, 76, 229, 245, 269 Cody, A. 133 Cohen, D. 124, 127-8, 132 Cohen, L. J. 283,296-9 Coleridge, S. T. 97 Cresswell, M. J. 133, 136, 138,

150-1, 154 Curry, H. B. 41, 47, 74, 76, 229,

215-6

Dowty, D. R. 154 Duhem, P. 327, 343 Dummett, M. 1, 179, 182, 194 Dunn, J. M. 77-80, 82-5, 92, 94-5,

97, 107, 109, 154, 175, 271-2, 281, 307-8

Earman, J. 356 Ellis, B. 346, 356 Esakia,1. 187, 194 Etchemendy, J.112-4, 116-7,

121-2 Euclid 124, 126 Ewing, A. C. 81-2,95

370 INDEX OF NAMES

Fahlman, S. 281 Feferman, S. 47 Feys, R. 74, 76,229 Field, H. 1, 17 Fine, K. 154, 347, 356 Fischer, P. C. 76 Fitch, F. B. 183-4, 190, 194 Fogelin, R. J. 187,194 Fomin, S. V. 343 Forbes, G. B. 89-90, 95

Gaal, S. A. 351,356 Gabbay, D. 133 Gaifman, H. 347-8, 356 Gardner, H. 32 Garfield, J. 98, 109 Garson, J. 175 Geach, P. 20 Gentzen, G. 43, 180, 184, 194, 271,

281, 308 Giambrone, S. 74 Giere, R. N. 328, 343 Godel, K. 111, 180, 187, 194, 283 Goguen, J. 154 Goldblatt, R. 187, 194 Goldstein, I. 281 Goodman, N. 124, 132, 186-90,

194, 295 Grice, H. P. 137, 154 Grover, D. 4-5, 11, 14-5, 17, 19,

21, 23, 26, 31-2 Guenthner, F. 154 Gupta, A. 1, 8, 17, 19, 27,31, 43,

49, 52, 77, 86

Halmos, P. R. 343 Hannaway, O. 356 Harman, G. 98, 100-2, 104, 109,

353 Harper, W. 356 Hayes, P. 270, 281 Henkin, L. 307, 325 Heny, F. 32 Herbrand, J. 180 Herzberger, H. 49, 57

Heyting, A. 177-8, 180, 182, 187-92

Hilbert, D. 83 Hindley, J. R. 74, 76, 229 Hintikka, J. 86, 95, 99-100, 103,

109, 307 Holland, M. 80 Hopcroft, J. E. 76 Horty, J. F. 267-8, 281 Horwich, P. 1, 17,328,343 Howard, W. 74, 76 Humberstone, L. 187 Hume, D. 305 Huygens, C. 327, 343

Israel, D. 267, 279, 281

Jacobs, B. 115, 117, 122 Jeffrey, R. 347, 356 Jennings, R. 178, 194

Kamp, H. 133, 154, 347, 356 Kanger, S. 120, 122 Kant, I. 283 Kaplan, D. 112, 122 Kapus, J. 1 Karp, R. M. 75-6 Kasher, A. 154 Keenan, E. L. 356 Keynes, J. M. 304, 328, 343 Kleene, S. C. 229 Kolmogorov, A. N. 343 Kornblith, H. 98, 109 Kreisel, G. 114 Kremer, M. 47 Kripke, S. 5, 8, 17,33-4,37-9,42,

46-7, 61-2, 75-6, 82, 84, 86, 89-90, 92-3, 95, 187-8, 194

Kuhn, T. S. 327, 343 K vart, I. 124, 132

Lakatos, I. 125-7, 132, 328, 343 Lakoff, G. 28, 32 Leblanc, H. 84, 95, 183-4, 194,

307-8, 325

INDEX OF NAMES 371

Leeds, S. 1-3, 10, 17 Levi, I. 347,356 Lewis, D. 29, 32, 87-8, 95, 124-9,

131-2, 343 Lewis, C. 1. 290, 295 Lewy, C. 95

Mackie, J. L. 124, 132 Macnamara, J. 98, 109 Maher, P. 343 Maksimova, L. 83, 95 Manor, R. 133, 154 Marcus, R. B. 82, 95 Martin, R. L. 47, 49, 356 Mayr, E. 62, 67-9, 76 McAloon, K. 62, 75-6 McCawley, J. D. 28, 32, 155, 175 McRobbie, M. A. 61, 75-76 Meyer A. 62, 67-9, 76, 229 Meyer R. K. 61, 63, 74, 76, 82, 84,

95, 97, 107, 109, 130-2, 307, 325

Mill, J. S. 328, 343 Miller, R. E. 75-6 Minsky, M. 267, 281 Monk, D. 265 Moore, G. E. 83, 95 Myhill, J. 183-4,194 Mylopoulos, J. 281

Nelson, D. 177, 194 Nisbett, R. 104, 109

Ong, W. J. 32

Parsons, T. 82-3, 95 Parsons, C. 187, 194,245,265 Pascal, B. 299 Peirce, C. S. 304, 327, 343 Perlmutter, D. 32 Perloff, M. 231, 239 Peters, S. 133 Plumwood, V. 132 Popper, K. R. 325, 327-8, 343 Pottinger, G. 229

Prior, A. N. 21 Putnam, H. 1, 182, 186, 194

Quine W. V. O. 2-3, 7, 9-10, 13, 15, 17, 82, 95, 98, 177, 183, 197-8, 201, 203, 207,245, 265, 307

Ramsey, F. P. 1,21-2,34,47 Redhead, M. 328, 343 Reichenbach, H. 178, 283, 295-7,

299-300 Rescher, N. 154, 356 Richardson, A. 31 Richardson, J. 31 Roberts, R. 281 Robinson, A. 187, 194 Roeper, P. 325 Rosenberg, A. L. 76 Rosenbloom, P.C. 229 Rosenkrantz, R. D. 328, 343 Ross, L. 104, 109 Rosser, J. B. 229 Routley, R. 63, 76, 125, 130-2 Rudin, W. 343 Russell, B. 34, 47, 288

Sandewall, E. 267, 281 Sanford, D. H. 154 Schmide, J. 281 Schmolze, J. 267, 281 Schnelle, H. S. 32 Schutte, K. 307, 325 Scott, O. 223 Segerberg, K. 187 Seldin, J. P. 74, 76, 229 Sellars, W. 10, 295 Sextus Empiricus 97 Shapiro, S. 186-90, 195 Simon, H. 99, 109 Skyrms, B. 31, 343, 356 Smith, C. A. B. 347, 356 Smorynski, C. 195 Smullyan, R. 170,174-5,309 Soames, S. 1-3,7, 10, 17, 32

372 INDEX OF NAMES

Spielman, S. 347,356 Stalnaker, R. C. 86, 95 Statman, R. 74, 76 Strawson, P. F. 15, 22 Stubbs, M. 32 Suppe, F. 356 Suppes, P. 347,356

Tappenden, J. 347,356 Tarski, A. 2-3, 8-10,13-15,17,

34-6, 47, 111 Thayer, J. 301 Theseus 93 Thistlewaite, P. B. 61, 75-6 Thomason, R. 86, 95, 133, 183-5,

194,268,280-1 Thomason, S. K. 154 Touretzky, D. 267, 273, 280-1 Trotsky, 1. 296 Turing, A. 229 Turner, D. 229

Ullmann, J. D. 76 Urquhart, A. 76, 154

van Benthem, J. F. A. K. 133, 154 van Dalen, D. 161, 175 van Fraassen, B. C. 128, 132, 135,

154, 177-8, 195,307, 347, 356 Veblen, T. 284 Vendler, Z. 138, 154 Vinci, T. 329, 343

Wallace, J. R. 61, 76 Weaver, G. 324 Wegener, I. 73, 76 Whewell, W. 327, 343 Whitehead, A. N. 288 Williams, M. 1,3, 10,17 Williams, B. 103, 109 Williams, P. 347, 356 Wilson, C. 77, 81, 95 Winston, P. 281 Wisdom, W. A. 325

Wittgenstein, L. 124, 132, 199-200, 207

Zanardo, A. 247 Zanotti, M. 347,356

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

a-conversion 210, 212, 214 ,B-contraction 214 ,B-conversion 215 ,B-normal form 209 ,B-normal209 ,B-redex 214 ,B-reduction 215 7]-conversion 210, 224 A-calculus, 74, 215-6

multivariate 209 ordinary 209 strict 74 typed 74

AI-calculus 74 w-rule 114, 121

accessibility relation 168 accomodation 327 Ackermann function 75 actual state of affairs 243-4 adequate for IISII 158 anaphora 19-21, 26 Anti-Butler 36-8, 45 anti-foundation axiom AFA 116,

120 applicator 219 assertibility 123, 124, 127-9

Bach-Peters sentences 28 Barcan Principle 188, 191-2 belief revision 101, 106 belief-pollution 100 believing relation 247 Berry's Paradox 34, 42 Beth model 191-2 bracket abstraction 209, 215,

219-21 branch points 232, 238 branched spaces, 234

topology of 233

373

calculi of combinators 215-6 canonical modal logics 169 canonical model 156, 158, 168 categoricity 156-8, 167 causation, 88 chance 330-1, 335 change of bindings 214 change of mind 100 choice 231, 243, 239 Church-Rosser Property 209, 217,

223-4 classical logic 100 , 103, 156 classical models 167 classical prejudice 105 classical semantics 160-1 combinator, 209, 216

rudimentary 217 combinators,

basic 215 Curry-style theory of 220

combinatory logic 215-6, 218 combinatory model 227 complete deductive system 112 complete for IISII 158 complete partial orderings 227 completeness 155, 158-9, 164,

173-4 Completeness Theorem, Kanger's

120 complex 211 complexity 353-4 complexity theory 65 component 308 conditional, 123-31

categorizity of 160 classical vs relevant interpreta­tion of 105

conditional assertion 127-31 conditionalization 351-5

374 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

conditionals, subjunctive 106, 125, 129

confirmation 327 conjunction 156 conservative extension 46, 155 consistency, 111-3

for 11811158 in the standard sense 320, 324 instantial 320, 323-4 of valuation 157

constitutive inferences 101 constructible falsity 177 constructive proof 178-9 continuous functions 228 contraposition 156, 165, 167 converSIOn,

algebraic treatment of 221 Curry-style axiomatization of 210

counter machine 66 counterfactuaI123-31, 289 counterpossible 123-31 currying 226 cut 44-5

database logic 115, 117 database model 119

wellfounded 120 databases, non-hierarchical 115 de dicto 86-7 de re 86-7 decision problem 61 deductive systems 121 default rules 267 defeasible information 267 defeasible inheritance 267, 273 definite description 41-2, 77, 85,

87, 91-2 denotation 33-43,45-6 deontic logic 186-8 descriptive psychology 101 disjunction, 104, 107

ambiguity of 106 elimination 104 introduction 100, 104, 108

disjunctive syllogism, 97, 100-7 admissibility of 105, 107

doubled path 236 durations 134 dynamic logic 149

E 82-3, 95 entailment 83, 86 Entscheidungsproblem 186 environment model 225-6 epistemic hostility 99-101, 104-8 epistemic hospitality 107 epistemological holism 199, 201 epistemology of reasoning 102 essential predication, 83

asymmetric 89 essential property 77, 82, 89 essentialness of origins 92 Etchemendy's Problem 111, 114-6,

120 Eval 225, 227 event sentences 134 evidence 104 evidentiary mechanism 304 excluded middle 294 expectation 355 expectation value 346 exponential space complete 65 exponential space hard 65 extension of relations 119 external relations 79-80 Extraposition 23

factual constraints on our reason-ing 98

fallible 104 feasible inference 98, 101 figure 353-5 Finitism 180 first-order language of number the­

ory 113 Fitch's Basic Logic 183 fixed point, 36-43,46

intrinsic 38 largest intrinsic 38, 43

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 375

minimal 37-8, 41-3 fixed-point combinators 210,223 four-valued interpretations 165 four-valued logic 156 frame 226 free logic 39 free variables 212 Fregean semantics 245 functional programming languages

218 fusion 62, 64 FV 212

gaps 39-40 generate 218-20 Gentzen's Hauptsatz 184 grammar 123 grounded 38

Hausdorff spaces 234 heterological paradox 34 Hilbert's program 180 holist argument for platonism 197 human reasoning 98, 100, 103 hyper-intensionality axiom 246 hyper-quasi-extension 246, 251

ideal reasoner 103-4 idealization 99-101,103 imperfect agent 103 imperfection with rationality 101 inconsistency 100 indicative 129 indicator 346, 354 indirect proof 100 indiscernibility of identicals 78, 81,

85-6 inference 101 inference ticket 106 infinitely extendible 324 infon 119 inheritance, 269

strict 270 inheritance networks 267 instant-based model 134

instantaneous descriptions 66 intended model 156 internal relation 77, 80, 83,89 intrinsic properties 77 intrinsicality, world global 88

world local 88 intuitionistic logic, 156, 161, 164

S4 semantics 164 semantics 161-4

intuitionistic negation 163

judgement 345 justification 104, 106 justified beliefs 104

knowledge 106 Kripke's Lemma 61,75

lambda calculus, see A-calculus Liar Paradox 33-4, 36, 46, 137 linguistic ability 98 log-lin reducible 65 logic in epistemology and psychol­

ogy 98 logical consequence, 111-3

truth value account of 307 Logical Implication Principle 102 Logical Inconsistency Principle 102 logical truth 111-3 logical truth, truth-value account

of 307 lower cut 233 lower cut branched space 237

Markov's Principle 179 mathematical confirmation 204 mathematical object 197-9, 201-2,

205-8 mathematical platonism 197-9, 201 metalinguistic 200 method of generating hypotheses

329 Meyer-Dunn argument 97 minimal consistency condition 100 minimal inference condition 100

376 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

minimal rationality 100, 103 modal logic 156, 168, 186-91 model 63

non-standard 155 of a rule 155, 157 of a system 157 standard 157

model theory 112 modular completeness 156, 158-9,

168 modularity 156 modus ponens 105, 108, 294 monads 81 monotonicity 37-41 morality 103

natural interpretation 156, 160-1, 164, 174

natural semantics 156, 164, 172-4 naturalized epistemology 98, 100,

103 necessary a posteriori 86 negation, 162-3

categoricity of 162 negative interpretation 179-83 networks 268 Nixon diamond 273 nonassertiveness 128-9 normal form 184-6, 223 normative content 103 normative epistemology 98-9 normative theory of rationality 103

ontological commitment 174 operator-complexity 309

parallel processing 73 path 235, 268 path connected 235 Petri net 75 possible worlds 292 pragmatics 123, 127 prediction 327 predictivist thesis 327 prime extension 167

probability, 345 absolute 308 conditional 330 function 310, 315-6, 318, 320, 323-4 of a set 308, 324

proforms of laziness 26 pronoun, 19-21, 24, 26

laziness 20, 25 quantification 20-1

proof, in the instantial sense 320 in the standard sense 319

proof-theory 112, 123, 127, 130 property (e) 215 propositional attitudes 100 propositional content 21, 25-7 prosentence, 4-6, 9, 11, 13-5,

19-23, 26-8 of laziness 21, 23, 27 of quantification 21-3

pseudo-relational relevant property 89

psychological architecture 104 psychological theory 103 pure logic 107

quantification, 156 non-vacuous 318 objectual interpretation 156, 171,173 vacuous 309-10, 317

quantified modal logic 173 quantifier-height 309 quantum logic 177-8, 186 quasi-sense 246 questions 345 quotation 34, 41, 46

R 82-6 RD 84-5 random variable 346 range of choice 243 rank 309 rationality 97,99-100, 103, 105-7

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 377

reachability tree 75 reasoning 103, 107 recursive functions 210, 223 redex 209 reductio 124, 131 reduction, 214

strong 216 weak 216

reference 33-5, 40 relevance 107 relevance logic 97-9, 103-5, 156,

165-6 four valued interpretation of 167

relevant implication 78, 82-3, 86 relevant interpretation of disjunc-

tion 97 relevant Peano arithmetic 82 relevant property of a pair 79-80 relevant pseudo-relational property

79-81 relevant relation 78-81 relevant relational property 79 reliability 332-5 representational semantics 113 representational system 30 representor 347-8, 353 retract 225 Richard's Paradox 34 rigid designator 84-7, 90, 92 Russell's Paradox 91

S484 S584 satisfaction 33-4 seeing to it that (stit) 231, 239 semantic ascent 2 semantics 123, 125-30, 158 semi-Thue system 63 semifactual 124 semigroup presentations 67 sentential interpretation 173-4 sequent-calculus 43 sound deductive system 112 stability, revision theory of 49-60

statement, 309 atomic 308, 315

static logic 148 strict implication 82 stripping 24 strongly path connected 236 structural rules 156, 162 subnector 41 substatement, 308-9, 316, 324

atomic 308 substitution 212-3, 309 substitution interpretation 156,

171,173,307 supervaluation 39, 43, 135, 156,347 Surprize Exam Paradox 137

Tl -spaces 235 tautological entailments 135 temporal interval 134 temporal reference 134 term model 226 term structure 210 three-valued logic, 37, 39

strong Kleene 39-40, 45 weak Kleene 39-40, 45

Thue system 67 topological space 233 tree 231 truth, 1, 33-44, 46

correspondence theory of 200, 206 deflationary analysis of 1 disquotational theory of 1 prosentential theory of 1, 4, 19-25, 27-31 redundancy theory of 21-2 revision theory of 49

truth-conditions 127, 129 truth-value assignment 307, 320 truth-value semantics 307 Turing machine, off-line 65 Tweety triangle 274

upper cut 233, 239

378 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

validity, preservation of 155, 158 Vague Expectation (VEX) 349-53 vague probability 347 vagueness 347 valuation 157, 225 valuation-set 146 variable binding 212, 218

word problem for commutative semigroups 62