Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 17th International Conference, Galway, Ireland, 2007 Edited by Colin D. O'Dowd National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Paul E. Wagner University of Vienna Austria r TECHN1SCHE INFORMAllONSCiCUOTHEK U NIV E R SIT A T SBIBLIOTHEK HANNOVER J
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Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols17th International Conference, Galway, Ireland, 2007
Edited by
Colin D. O'DowdNational University of Ireland
GalwayIreland
Paul E. WagnerUniversity of Vienna
Austria
rTECHN1SCHE
INFORMAllONSCiCUOTHEK
U NIV E RSIT ATSBIBLIOTHEK
HANNOVERJ
Contents
Preface vii
Committees viii
Plenary Lectures xi
Scries History xiii
Part I Nucleation: Experiment and Theory
Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements and the Propertiesof Critical Clusters 3
B.E. Wyslouzil, R. Strey, J. Walk, G. Wilemski, and Y. Kim
Size Analysis of Ion and Aerosol Nanoparticles in Nucleation
and Growth 14
K. Okuyama, T. Seto, and C. Soo Kim
Classical and Generalized Gibbs' Approaches and the Work
of Critical Cluster Formation in Nucleation Theory 26
J. W.P. Schmelzer
Microstructure of Supersaturation Field and
Nucleation Experiments 31
S.P. Fisenko
Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogatesof Mineral Dust 36
C. Marcolli, S. Gedamke, and B. Zobrist
Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze
by Spinodal Decomposition? 41
L.S. Bartell
The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model
for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size Distribution 46
I.H. Leubner
xvii
jtviii Contents
The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model
for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size
in Controlled Precipitations 48
l.H. Leubner
Continuous Crystallization: Nucleation and Size Control
as a Function of Crystal Solubility 50
l.H. Leubner
Investigating the Role of Ammonia
in Atmospheric Nucleation 52
T. Kurten, L. Torpo, H. Vehkamaki, M.R. Sundberg, K. laasonen,
V.-M Kerminen, M. Noppel, M. Salonen, and M. Kulinala
Dependence of Nucleation Rates on Sulfuric Acid Vapor Concentration
in Diverse Atmospheric Locations 57
C. Kuang, PH. McMurry, andA.V. McCormick
Evaluation of Surface Tension and Tolman Length as a Function
of Droplet Radius from Experimental Nucleation Rate
and Supersaturation Ratio 62
A.A. Onischuk, S.V. Vosel, P.A. Purtov, and A.M. Baklanov
Atmospheric H2S04 / H20 Particle Formation:
Mechanistic Investigations 69
T. Bemdt, O. Beige, and F. Straimann
The Role of Ions in Condensation Particle Countingfor Particle Diameters Below 2nm 73
P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, and RE. Wagner
/i-Nonane Nucleation in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide 78
D. G. Labetski, J. Hruby, andM.E.H. vanDongen
Challenges in the Thermochemical Water-splittingCycle Based on the ZnO/Zn Redox Pair: Rapid Quenchand Nucleation of Zinc 83
F. Riitten, I. Alxneit, and H.R. Tschudi
Relevance of Several Nucleation Theories
in Different Environments 87
M. Boy, B. Bonn, J. Kazil, N. Lovejoy, A. Turnipseed, J. Greenberg,T. Karl, L. Mauldin, E. Kusciueh, J. Smith, K. Barsanti, A. Guenther,
B. Wehner, O. Hellmuth, H. Siebert, S. Bauer, A. Wiedensohler,and M. Kulmala
Kinetic Theory Applied to Nucleation
and Droplet Growth 92V. Holten and. M.E.H. van Dongen
Contents xix
Computation of Nucleation Rates for n-Nonane Usingthe Gradient Theory 97
J. Hrubj, V. Vins, D.G. Labetski, andM.E.H. Van Dongen
The Temperature of Nucleating Droplets 102
./. Wedekind, D. Reguera, and. R. Strey
Kinetic Reconstruction of the Nucleation Free
Energy Landscape 107
D. Reguera and J. Wedekind
Laboratory-measured Nucleation Rates of Sulfuric Acid
and Water from the S02 + OH Reaction 112
D.R, Benson and S.-H Lee
Simulation of the Growth and Decay of Isolated
Lennard-Jones Clusters 117
J.C. Barrett and A.P. Knight
An Insight into the Failure of Classical Nucleation Theory 121
J. Merikanto, A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, and H. Vehkamdki
Nucleation Chemical Physics: From Vapor-phase Clusters
to Crystals in Solution 126
S.M. Kathmann
Homogeneous Nucleation: What I Understand, What I Somewhat
Understand, What I do not Understand 131
J.L. Katz
Homogeneous Nucleation Rate in Supersaturated Water Vapor 134
V. Zdunal and D. Brus
Displacement Barrier Heights from ExperimentalNucleation Rate Data: Scaling and Universality 139
J. Malila, A.-P Hyvarinen, Y. Viisanen, and A. Laaksonen
Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of HomogeneousNucleation Rates 144
R. McGraw
A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model
Lennard-Jones System 149
B.N. Hale and J. Kiefer
Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure HomogeneousNucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle 153
D. Ghosh, R. Strey, and B.E. Wyslouzil
Condensation of a Supersaturated Lattice Gas 158
V.A. Shneidman
XXContents
Argon Nucleation in a Cryogenic Nucleation Pulse Chamber 162
J. Wolk, K. Hand, anclR. Strey
Water Homogeneous Nucleation: Importance
of Clustering Thermodynamics 167
H. Du, F. Yu, and A.B. Nadykto
Validation and Development of a New Hailstone Formation
Theory-Numerical Simulations of a Strong Hailstorm
Occurring Over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 172
F. Kang, Q. Zhang, and S. Lu
Scaling of Critical Nuclei Composed of Diatomic
and Triatomic Molecules 177
/. Napari andA. Laaksonen
Heterogeneous Condensation on Nanoparticle 181
S.P. Fisenko, M. Shimada, and K. Okuyama
Kinetics of Multicomponent Nucleation in Gas Phase 185
S.P. Fisenko
Simulation of Nucleation Experiments in Laminar
Flow Diffusion Chamber 190
S.P. Fisenko and A.A. Brin
A Comparative Study in Molecular Dynamics Simulation
of Nucleation 195
J. Julin, I. Napari, and H. Vehkamaki
The Reactions of Sulfuric Acid with Biogenic CriegeeIntermediates or Secondary Ozonides as a Possible
Source of Nucleation Precursors 200
T. Kurten, B. Bonn, H. Vehkamaki, and M. Kulmala
Condensation-Relaxation of Supersaturated Vapor and the Possibilityof the Experimental Determination of the Nucleation Rate 204
N. Kortsensteyn and E. Samujlov
Nanoparticle Detection Using Nucleation Regime of the CPC 209
G. Mordas, M. Sipilci, and M. Kulmala
Structure of Sulfuric Acid-Water Clusters 214
M. Salonen, I. Napari, and H. Vehkamaki
Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Binding Energiesof (H2S04)2, HOS02-H2S04, and HOS04-H2S04 218
M. Salonen, T. Kurten, M. Sundberg, and H. Vehkamaki
Calculation of Cluster-free Energies Using the Jarzynski Relation 222
H. Y. Tang audi.J. Ford
Contents xxi
New Particle Formation and Sulphuric Acid Concentrations
During 26 Months in Hyytiala 226
T. Nieminen, M. Kuhnala, I. Riipinen, A. Hirsikko, M. Boy,and L. Laakso
The First Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorem IncludingLine Tension: Analysis of Experimental Data 230
A.l. Hienola, H. Vehkamdki, A. Lauri, RE. Wagner, P.M. Winkler,
and M. Kulmala
Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorems for Multicomponent Systems.... 235
H. Vehkamdki, A. Lauri, A. Mddudnen, RE. Wagner, P.M. Winkler,
and M. Kulmala
Nucleation Events in Melpitz, Germany, and Po Valley, Italy:Similarities and Differences 240
A. Homed, K.E.J. Lehtinen, J. Joutsensaari, B. Wehner, W. Birmili,
A. Wiedensohler, F. Cavalli, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi,
M.C. Facchini, and A. Laaksonen
Simulation of an Aerosol Nucleation Burst 245
./. Salm
Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitrogen 250
G. Chkonia, J. Wedekind, J. Wolk, and R. Strey
Homogeneous Nucleation of a Homologous Series of H-Alkanes
in a Supersonic Nozzle 255
D. Bergmann, D. Ghosh, J. Wolk, R. Strey, S. Tanimura,
and B.E. Wy.slouzil
Preliminary Results on Homogeneous Nucleation of Water:
A Novel Measurement Technique using the Two-valve
Expansion Chamber 260
A. Manka, D. Bergmann, D. Ghosh, J. Wolk, and R. Strey
Part II Nucleation: Binary, Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Binary Nucleation Theory and the Structure
of Binary Nanodroplets 267
G. Wilemski
Nucleation Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined
Binary Solutions 278
A.S. Abyzov and J.W.P. Schmelzer
Stabilization of H2S04-H20 Clusters by Organic Acids 282
A.B. Nadykto and F. Yu
xxiiContents
Critical Cluster Content in High-pressure Binary Nucleation:
Compensation Pressure Effect 287
V.I. Kalikmanov and D.G. Labetski
The Effect of Total Pressure on Nucleation in a Laminar
Flow Diffusion Chamber: n-Pentano! + Helium 293
A.-P. Hyvdrinen, D. Brus, V. Zdimal, J. Smolik, M. Kulmala,
Y. Viisanen, and H. Lihavainen
Thermochemistry of (H^O^HjO^NH,),,: A DFT Study 297
A.B. Nadykto andF. Yu
Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation II:
Line Tension 302
A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, A.I. Hienola, H. Vehkamiiki, and M. Kulmala
Insights from the Atomistic Simulations of a Ternary
Nucleating System 306
R.B. Nellas, B. Chen, and J.I. Siepmann
Two-component Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Martian
Atmosphere 310
A. Miiiittdnen, H. Vehkamiiki, A. Lauri, I. Napari, and M. Kulmala
Binary Homogenous Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid
and Water Mixture: Experimental Device and Setup 314
D. Brus, A.-P. Hyvdrinen, H. Lihavainen, Y. Viisanen, and M. Kulmala
Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation I:
The Point Where the Classical Theory Fails 317
A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, J. Merikanto, H. Vehkainaki, and M. Kulmala
A Kinetically Correct and an Approximate Model
of Heterogeneous Nucleation 322
A. Madttanen, A. Lauri, H. Vehkamiiki, I. Napari, and Markku Kulmala
Reversible Work of the Heterogeneous Formation of an Embryoof a New Phase on a Spherical Charged Conductor Within
a Uniform Multicomponent Macroscopic Mother Phase 327
M. Noppel, S. Mirme, A. Hienola, H. Vehkamiiki, M. Kulmala,
and P.E. Wagner
Stochastic Birth and Death Equations to Treat Chemistryand Nucleation in Small Systems 332
CM. L.-V. Kroon and I.J. Ford
Part III Nucleation: Ion and Cluster Properties
Surface Nucleation in Freezing Nanoparticles 339R.K. Bowles and E. Mendez-Villuendas
Contents xxiii
Biogenic Sesquiterpenes and Atmospheric New Particle Formation:
A Boreal Forest Site Investigation 344
B. Bonn, M. Boy, M.D. Maso, H, Hakola, A. Hirsikko, M. Kulmala,
T. Kurten, L. Laakso, J. Mdkeld, I. Riipinen, U. Rannik, S.-L. Sihto,
and T.M. Ruuskanen
Using Charging State in Estimating the Relative Importanceof Neutral and Ion-induced Nucleation 350
V.-M. Kerminen, T. Anttila, T. Petaja, L. Laakso, S. Gagne,K.E.J. Lehtinen, andM. Kulmala
The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation
at 1,465 m a.s.l 354
H. Venzac, K. Sellegri, and P. Laj
The Effect of Seed Particle Charge on Heterogeneous Nucleation 358
P.M. Winkler, G.W. Steinei; G.P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, RE. Wagner,
and M. Kulmala
Experimental Observation of Heterogeneous Nucleation
Probabilities for Ion-induced Nucleation 363
P.M. Winkler, G.W. Steiner, G.P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, RE. Wagner,
and M. Kulmala
Air Ion Measurements During a Cruise from Europe to Antarctica.. .
368
M. Vana, A. Virkkula, A. Hirsikko, P. Aallo, M. Kulmala, and R. Hillamo
Air Ion Measurements at Mace Head on the West Coast of Ireland....
373
M. Vana, M. Elm, T. Petaja, H. Vuollekoski, P. Aalto, G. de Leeuw,
D. Ceburnis, CD. O'Dowd, and M. Kulmala
Improving Particle Detection Efficiency of a Condensation Particle
Counter by Means of Pulse Height Analysis 378
M. Sipila, P. Aalto, H. Junninen, H. Manninen, T. Petaja, M. Ehn,
I. Riipinen, C. O'Dowd, andM. Kulmala
The Effect of Temperature on Ion Cluster Formation of 2-propanol.. .382
A.-K. Viitanen, T. Mattila, J.M. Mdkelci, M. Marjamiiki, and J. Keskinen
Heterogeneous Ion-induced Nucleation: Condensation of
Supersaturated Vapors on Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles 387
V. Abdelsayed and M.S. El-Shall
Charged State of Freshly Nucleated Particles: Implicationsfor Nucleation Mechanisms 392
F. Yu and R.P. Turco
Measurement of the Charging State with an lon-DMPS to Estimate
the Contribution of Ion-induced Nucleation 397
S. Gagne', L. Laakso, T. Petaja, V.-M. Kerminen, P.P. Aalto,
and M. Kulmala
xxiv Contents
Part IV lee Nucleation
Progress and Issues in Quantifying Ice Nucleation
Involving Atmospheric Aerosols 405
P.J. DeMott
Immersion Freezing Efficiency of Soot Particles with Various
Physico-Chemical Properties 418
O.B. Pupovicheva, N.M. Persiantseva, E.D. Kireeva, T.D. Khokhlovcu
N.K. Shonija, and E.V. Vlasenka
Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace
Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous
Flow Diffusion Chamber 423
A. Sa/ani, G. Lesins, and U. Lohmann
Ice Initiation for Various Ice Nuclei Types and its Influence
on Precipitation Formation in Convective Clouds 427
M. Simmet. H. Heinrich, and K. Diehl
Strong Dependence of Cubic Ice Formation on Aqueous DropletAmmonium to Sulphate Ratio 432
B. J. Murray and A.K. Bertram
Ice Cloud Formation Mechanisms Inferred from in
situ Measurements of Particle Number-size Distribution 436
Y. Tobo, D. Zhang, Y. Iwasaka, andC.-Y. Shi
The FINCH (Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber Counter) 440
U. Bundke, H. Bingemer, B. Nillius, R. Jaenicke, and T. Wetter
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Soot Particles 445
O. Mohler
An Examination of a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber's
Performance: Implications for Field Measurements
of Ice Nuclei 450
M.S. Richardson, A.J. Prenni, P.J. DeMott, and S.M. Kreidenweis
Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei 455
N.S. Kim, A.G. Shilin, J. Backmann, and LA. Garaba
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions
with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles 461
B. Zobrist, C. Marcolli, T. Koop, and T. Peter
Immersion Freezing in Emulsified Aqueous Sulfuric AcidSolutions Containing Agl Particles 466M. Bottcher and T. Koop
Contents xxv
Part V Air Quality - Climate
Global Dimming by Air Pollution and Global Warming byGreenhouse Gases: Global and Regional Perspectives 473
V. Ramanathan
Freshly Formed Aerosol Particles: Connections to Precipitation 484
B. Pokharel, J.R. Snider, and D. Leon
Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Propertiesand Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layerof Southeastern China 489
Y.F. Cheng, A. Wiedensohler, H. Eichler, Y.H. Zhang, W. Birmili,
E. Briiggemann, T. Gnauk, M. Tesche, H. Herrmann, A. Ansnumn,
D. Althausen, R. Englemann, M. Wcndisch, H. Su, and M. Hu
The Effect of Including Aerosol Nucleation and Coagulationin a Global Model 494
M. Wang and J.E. Penner
On the Estimated Impact of Anthropogenic Cloud Condensation
Nuclei (CCN) in the Region of Mexico City on the
Development of Precipitation 499
M.L. Frias-Ci.sneros and D.G. Baumgardner
Emission of Aerosol Black Carbon in the Atmosphereof Chhattisgarh 500
N.K. Jaiswal, K.S. Patel, Saathoff, and U. Schurath
Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical Cyclogenesis 501
N. Christina Hsu, Si-Chee Tsay, and KM. Lau
Aerosol Distributions over Europe: A Regional Model Evaluation....
503
B. Langmann, S. Varghese, CD. O'Dowel, and E. Manner
An Analysis on Aerosol Variable Tendency and Clouds PhysicalEffect for Decrease of Natural Precipitation over Hebei Area 507
D. Ying, W. Zhihui, S. Lixin, and Y. Baodong
An Assessment of the Direct Radiative Forcingof the PM1(|-Study Case 512
S. Stefan, A. Nemuc, C. Talianu, and C. Neculu
Measurements of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsin Atmospheric Aerosols from an Urban Site of Madrid (Spain) 517
A.I. Barrado, S. Garcia, R.M. Perez, and O. Pindado
The Simulation of Aerosol Transport over East Asia Region
Using CMAQ 522
Y.-S. Koo and S.-T. Kim
xxvi Contents
Part VI Aerosol - Cloud Interactions
Current Understanding of Aerosol-Climate Effects 529
S. Menon
Mass Spectral Evidence that Small Changes in CompositionCaused by Oxidative Aging Processes Alter Aerosol CCN 540
J.E. Shilling, S.M. King, M. Mochida, D.R. Worsnop, andS.T. Martin
Iodine Speciation in Rain and Snow 545
B.S. Gilfedder, M. Petri, andH. Beister
Using Aerosol Number to Volume Ratio in Predicting Cloud
Droplet Number Concentration 551
N. Kivekcis, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Anttila, H. Korhonen, M. Komppula,
and H. Lihavainen
Influence of Surface Tension on the Connection Between
Hygroscopic Growth and Activation 556
H. Wex, T. Hennig, D. Niedermeier, E. Nilsson, R. Ocskay, D. Rose,
I. Salma, M. Ziese, and F. Stratinann
On Aerosol-cloud Studies at the Puijo Semiurban
Measurement Station 561
Leskinen, T. Raatikainen, J. Hirvonen, A.-P. Hyvarinen, A. Kortelainen,
P. Miettinen, N. Pietikdinen, H. Portin, J. Rautiainen, R. Sorjamaa,P. Tiitta, P. Vaattovaara, A. Laaksonen, K.E.J. Lehtinen, H. Lihavainen,
and Y. Viisanen
Partitioning of Aerosol Particles in Mixed-phase Clouds
at a High Alpine Site 565
J, Cozic, B. Verheggen, E. Weingarlner, U. Baltensperger, S. Mertes,
K.N. Bower, I. Crawford, M. Flynn, P. Connolly, M. Gallagher;S. Walter, J. Schneider, J. Curtius, and A. Petzold
The Role of Aerosol Characteristics in the Evolution
of Clouds and Precipitation 570
V. Griitzun, 0. Knoth, M. Simmel, and R. Wolke
Maritime CCN Drizzle Relationships 576
S. Mishra, J.G. Hudson, and C.F. Rogers
Effect of Nucleation and Secondary Organic Aerosol
Formation on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations 580
R. Makkonen, A. Asmi, H. Korhonen, II. Kokkola, S. Jarvenoja,
P. Rdisdnen, K. Lehtinen, A. Laaksonen, V.-M. Kerminen, H. Jdrvinen,
U. Lohmann, J. Feichter, and M. Kulmala
Contents xxvii
Measurements of the Rate of Cloud Droplet Formation
on Atmospheric Particles 585
C. Ruehl, P. Chuang, and A. Nenes
Aerosol Particle Formation in Different Types of Air Masses
in Hyytiala, Southern Finland 591
L. Sogacheva, L. Saukkonen, M. Dal Maso, and M, Kulmala
Model Studies of Nitric Acid Condensation in Mixed-phase Clouds.. .
596
J.-P. Pietikainen, J. Hienola, H. Kokkola, S. Romakkaniemi, K. Lehtinen,
M. Kulmala, and A. Laaksonen
Modelling Cirrus Cloud Fields for Climate and Atmospheric
Chemistry Studies 601
A. Horseman, A.R. MacKenzie, and C. Ren
A Modelling Study of the Effect of Increasing BackgroundOzone on PM Production in Clouds 605
R.J. Flanagan and CD. O'Dowd
Part VII Aerosol Characterisation and Properties
Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle,Anomalous Aerosol 613
T. Deshler
Highlights of Fifty Years ofAtmospheric Aerosol Research
at Mace Head 625
T.C O'Connor, S.G. Jennings, and CD. O'Dowd
Transformation of Nitrates during the Transportof Air from China to Okinawa, Japan 630
S. Hatakeyama, A. Takaini, and Y. Takiguchi
Major Factors Affecting the Ambient Particulate Nitrate
Level at Gosan, Korea 635
N.K. Kim, Y.P. Kim, and CH. Kang
Fuctional Group Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry,Method Development, and Application to Particulate
Organic Matter 639
J. Dron, N. Marchand, and H. Wortham
Study on the Distribution and Variation Trends of AtmosphericAerosol Optical Depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China 644
D. Jing and M. Jietai
xxviii Contents
Detecting Below 3 nm Particles Using Ethylene Glycol-based Ultrafine
Condensation Particle Counter 649
K. Iida. M.R. Stolzenburg, and P.M. McMwry
Chlorine-phase Partitioning at Melpitz near Leipzig 654
D. Mailer and K. Acker
Measured Neutral and Charged Aerosol Particle Number
Size Distributions in Russia 659
E. Vartiainen, M. Kulmala, M. Elm, A. Hirsilcko, H. Junninen, T. Petilja,L, Sogacheva, S. Kuokka, R. Hiltamo, A. Skorokhod, I. Belikov,
N. Elansky, and V.-M. Kerminen
Size Distributions, Charging State, and Hygroscopicityof Aerosol Particles in Antarctica 664
E. Vartiainen, M. Elm, P.P. Aalta, A. Frey, A. Virkkula, R. Hillamo,
A. Arneth, and M. Kulmala
Dry Deposition Fluxes and Timescales of Turbulent Depositionover Tall Vegetative Canopies 669
F. Bir.san and S.C. Pryor
Observations of Particle Nucleation and Growth Events
in the Lower Free Troposphere 674
B. Verheggen, E. Weingartnei; J. Cozic, M. Vana, J. Balzani, E. Fries,
G. Legreid, A. Hirsilcko, M. Kulmala, and U. Baltensperger
Size-resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural
and Urban Sites in Central California, USA 679
J. Chow, J. Watson, D. Lowenthal, and K. Magliano
Measurement of Ultrafine and Fine Particle Black Carbon
and its Optical Properties 684
J. Watson, J. Chow, D. Lowenthal, and N. Motallebi
Hygroscopic and Volatile Properties of Ultrafine Particles
in the Eucalypt Forests: Comparison with Chamber
Experiments and the Role of Sulphatesin New Particle Formation 689Z. Ristovski, T. Suni, N. Meyer, G. Johnson, L. Morawska, J. Duplissy,E. Weingartnei; U. Baltenpserger, and A. Turnipseed
New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment 694L. Laakso, T. Petdjd, H. Laakso, P.P. Aalto, T. Pohja, E. Siivola,P. Keronen, S. Haapanala, M. Kulmala, H. Hakola, N. Kgabi,M. Molefe, D. Mabaso, K. Pienaar, E. Sjdberg, and M. Jokinen
Contents xxix
Hot-air Balloon Measurements of Vertical Variation
of Boundary Layer New Particle Formation 698
L. Laakso, T. Gronholm, S. Haapanala, A. Hirsikko, T. Kurten, M. Bay,A. Sogachev, I. Riipinen, M. Kulmala, L. Kulmala, E.R. Lovejoy, J. Kazil,
D. Nilsson, and F. Stratmann
Optical Properties and Radiative Effects of Aerosols
in a Coastal Zone 702
A. Saha, M. Mallet, J.C. Roger, P. Dubuisson, J. Piazzola,
and S. Despiau
On Water Condensation Particle Counters and their Applicabilityto Field Measurements 707
T. Petaja, H.E. Manninen, F. Stratmann, M. Sipild, G. Mordas,
P.P. Aalto, H. Vehkamaki, W. Binnili, K. Hameri, and M. Kulmala
Relationship of Aerosol Microphysical Propertiesand Chemical Composition of Aerosol in the Baltic Sea Region 711
A. Pugatshova, 0. Kikas, M. Priissel, A. Reinart, E. Tanvn, and V, Ulevicius
Hygroscopic Properties of Sub-micrometer AtmosphericAerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments
in Various Environments - A Review 716
K. Hameri, E. Swietlicki, H.-C. Hansson, A. Massling, T. Petaja, P. Turned,
E. Weingartner, U. Baltenspergei; P.H. McMurry, G. McFiggans,B. Svenningsson, A. Wiedensohler, and M. Kulmala
Contrasting Organic Aerosol Behaviour in Continental Polluted,Biomass Burning and Pristine Tropical Forest Environments 721
H. Coe, J. Allan, K. Bower, G. Capes, J. Crosier, J. Haywood, S. Osborne,
A. Minnikin, J. Murphy, A. Petzold, C. Reeves, and P. Williams
Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km
over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006 726
A. Minikin, T. Hamburger, H. Schlager, M. Fiebig, and A. Petzold
Closure Between Chemical Composition and Hygroscopic Growth
of Aerosol Particles During TORCH2 731
M. Gysel, J. Crosier, D.O. Topping, J.D. Whitehead, K.N. Bower,
M.J. Cubison, P.I. Williams, M.J. Flynn, G.B. McFiggans, and H. Coe
Heterogeneous Oxidation of Saturated Organic Particles by OH 736
/. George, A. Vlasenko, J. Slowik, and J. Abbatt
Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations
and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics 741
A.S. Safatov, IS. Andreeva, G.A. Buryak, V.V. Marchenko, S.E. OVkin,LK. Reznikova, V.E. Repin, A.N. Sergeev, B.D. Belan, andM.V. Panchenko
XXX Contents
Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of
Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer ....746
C. Verhaege, P. Personne, and V. Shcherbakov
Number Density and Carbon Concentration of Accumulation
Mode Particles over the North Pacific Ocean 750
K. Matsumoto and M. Uematsu
Comparative Effect of Airborne Pollutants on 3 AngstromTurbidity Coefficients 755
C.-C. Wen and C.-H. Luo
Weekly Distribution of the Aerosol Pollution of the Atmospherein Tbilisi 756