Nuclear Research Reactors: Global trends, Challenges and Opportunities for Africa Nuclear Africa 2016 Conference March 16, 2016 ROSATOM OVERSEAS INC DMITRI VYSOTSKI Director of Nuclear Research Reactors
АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО «РУСАТОМ ОВЕРСИЗ»
Nuclear Research Reactors: Global trends, Challenges
and Opportunities for Africa
Nuclear Africa 2016 Conference
March 16, 2016
ROSATOM OVERSEAS INC
DMITRI VYSOTSKI
Director of Nuclear Research Reactors
2
NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTORS TRENDS
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
3 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information.
To solve developmental challenges in health care,
agriculture and industry.
To foster national, regional and international
technology exchange and innovation.
To improve the national economy through
application of the advanced nuclear technologies
To upgrade the public image of the country on the
regional and international scale
To host ground-breaking experiments, improve
overall scientific knowledge and serve as training
centres for students and nuclear scientists of the future
WHY GO INTO NUCLEAR RESEARCH?
RESEARCH REACTOR ADVANTAGES
To develop the skills & expertise for industrial
nuclear energy use
IAEA Database
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH REACTORS WORLDWIDE
4
245
744
OPERATIONAL TEMPORARY SHUTDOWN
UNDER CONSTRUCTION PLANNED
SHUT DOWN DECOMMISSIONED
CANCELLED
7 140
8
19
11
344
Isotope
Production Neutron
Scattering
Neutron
Radiograp
hy
Material
Irradiatio
n
Transmuta
tion
(Gems)
Transmuta
tion (NTD) Teaching/T
raining NAA
Geochro
nology Neutron
therapy Nucl. Data
Provision Innovative
Research
99 52 74 155 21 29 178 127 27 19 2 12
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
52 out of 245 in
operation in Russia
5
20%
23%
15%
11%
8% 5%
8%
10%
Isotopes Production Facilities by Region 99 RRs worldwide
North America Eastern Europe
Western Europe Far East
Africa South East Asia
Middle East/South Asia Latin America
COMMERCIAL ISOTOPES RESEARCH REACTORS
0
10
20
30
40
50
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010sNu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s
Timeline for isotopes production facilities
Developed countries
Developing countries
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
6
CHANGING NATURE OF FUTURE GLOBAL MARKET (2020-
2030+)
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
Large capacity multifunctional
RRs are planned or under
construction in Netherlands,
France, Belgium, Africa, South
America, Russia, China
More newcomer countries are
interested to take on nuclear
energy/own RR path with the
purpose of local consumption
Not only RRs are considered and
commercialized as technologies
for isotopes production
18 RRs - under construction
or planned
IAEA Database
Another 10-15 RRs can come
into pipeline globally
Growing number of commercially available
solutions for isotope production
Ageing fleet: 158 of 245 RRs with
first criticality more than 40
years ago in 39 Countries.
Research
reactors
Cyclotrons
NPPs
Solutions
reactors
7
AFRICA OVERVIEW
Country Facility Name Type Thermal Power Status
Algeria NUR POOL 1 MW OPERATIONAL
Algeria ES-SALAM HEAVY WATER 15 MW OPERATIONAL
Egypt ETRR-2 POOL 22 MW OPERATIONAL
Ghana GHARR-1 MNSR 30 kW OPERATIONAL
Morocco MA-R1 TRIGA MARK II 2 MW OPERATIONAL
Nigeria NIRR-0001 MNSR 30 kW OPERATIONAL
South Africa SAFARI-1 TANK IN POOL 20 MW OPERATIONAL
Egypt ETRR-1 TANK WWR 2 MW TEMPORARY
SHUTDOWN
Libya IRT-1 POOL, IRT 10 MW TEMPORARY
SHUTDOWN
45 Research Reactors with high
utilization rate in 21 countries
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
SAFARI-I is the One & Only
fully commercial and highly
utilized reactor on the African
continent
8
REGIONAL CHALLENGES & COMPETITION IN ISOTOPES
PRODUCTION MARKET
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
Egypt
Algeria
Morocco
NIGERIA Small RR in operation
Multipurpose research reactor
possible
SOUTH AFRICA SAFARI-1 reactor
Multipurpose research reactor
planned and required for
continuous business.
EGYPT
ETRR-2 in operation
Multipurpose research reactor
possible
GHANA Small RR in operation
Multipurpose
research reactor
possible
4 isotope production reactors
in operation in Africa at the
moment
Potentially 5 more
multipurpose research
reactors can come online in
late 2020s
Regional players on the
markets mainly for domestic
consumption but with
significant export potential
TANZANIA Multipurpose
research reactor
possible
MOROCCO,
ALGERIA Operating fleet of
RRs
9
ROSATOM SOLUTIONS FOR RESEARCH REACTORS
AND CENTERS OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
10 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information.
For over 50 years, research reactors have been fostering scientific
innovation and education in more than 50 countries worldwide
There are 245 research reactors in operation worldwide
Rosatom has built 120 research reactors in Russia & abroad
Over 50 research facilities are in operation in Russia
In-house capabilities to develop and supply research and training
labs
Broad on-the-job training facilities at research and commercial
research reactors
20 000 employees in Rosatom enterprises and R&D institutions are
supporting Rosatom scientific and research platform and cooperation
with partner-countries
ROSATOM: CORPORATION OF KNOWLEDGE
WHY GO WITH ROSATOM INTO RESEARCH REACTORS?
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information.
RUSSIAN RESEARCH REACTORS OVERSEAS
11
• Over 100 research reactors were built in Russia
• More than 20 research reactors were built abroad in cooperation with Russia
and on the basis of Russian designs. The majority - in operation
www.rosatom.ru
RESEARCH REACTORS IN RUSSIA (ROSATOM/TOTAL)
12
Operating Research Reactors
in the World RUSSIA
USA
China Japan France Germany
Others
Different types, power, utilization…
Name Operating Safe
Enclosure
Under
Construction
Total
Research
Reactors
(steady state and
pulse)
19/28 1/1 2/3 22/32
Zero-Power
Reactors (Critical
Assemblies)
12/24 1/1 0 13/25
31/52 2/2 2/3 35/57
Seven from eight steady
state operating reactors
with power not less than 10
MW belong to ROSATOM
13
ROSATOM
Integrated
Solution
for
Research
Reactors
Technical
Solution
Knowledge, skills,
human capital
Industrial
Solution
Financial
Solution
Regulation,
Infrastructure and
Public acceptance
Personnel education & training
(incl. onsite training),
R&D base development,
Operation experience exchange
Project finance structuring
State credits
Partnership schemes
Equipment manufacturing,
service & works
localization,
Technology transfer,
Certification of local
suppliers, participation in
Rosatom third countries
projects
Creation and development of
regulatory base
Spent nuclear fuel and
radioactive waste
management
Social-political programs
support
Modern design
Construction and life cycle management
support (fuel, services, modernization)
Operation & maintenance
SAFETY - basic principle
ROSATOM UNIQUE INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR RESEARCH
REACTORS AND CENTERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
HELPING A CUSTOMER TO IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 14
Customers and their needs are important to be identified to elaborate a sound
and efficient technical proposal: training/science vs. training/science/business
Irradiation study of materials
NAA
Neutron radiography
Nuclear, solid state and reactor
physics
Personnel training
Silicon doping
Medical and industrial isotopes
Radiation therapy (boost, neutron capture).
Gem colorization
15
TECHNICAL SOLUTION: RESEARCH REACTORS CAPACITY
RANGE
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 15
up to 400 kW ≈ 1 MW
≈ 10 MW ≈ 20 MW
BASIC
TRAINING
RESEARCH
REACTOR
ADVANCED
TRAINING
RESEARCH
REACTOR
BASIC
MULTIPURPOSE
RESEARCH
REACTOR
ADVANCED
MULTIPURPOSE
RESEARCH
REACTOR
1
2 3
Key features of research reactors up to 1 МВт 10 МВт 20 МВт
Fuel assembly type VVR-M2 IRT-4M VVR-KN IRT-4M VVR-KN
Fuel assembly number 70 16 26 40 45
Fuel enrichment, U235, % 19,7
Maximum thermal neutron flux, х1014
1/cm2s: in the core in Be reflector
0.45 0.22
3.2 2
3.3 2
4.1 1.4
4.6 1.2
Reactor service life, years 50
Coolant Demineralized water
Reflector Beryllium
TRAINING
RESEARCH
REACTOR
BASIC
MULTIPURPOSE
RESEARCH
REACTOR
ADVANCED
MULTIPURPOSE
RESEARCH
REACTOR
1 2 3
CAPACITY RANGE KEY CHARACTERISTICS
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 16
17 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 17
RESEARCH REACTORS LIFECYCLE SUPPORT BY ROSATOM
Research reactor integrated into Centers of Nuclear
Science and Technologies
Continuous full lifecycle support from Rosatom
• Nuclear Infrastructure and
Regulation
• Design, Engineering and
Construction
• Training and Education
• Service and Maintenance
• Fuel and Radioactive
Sources supply
• Radioactive Waste and
Spent Fuel Management
• Decommissioning
OPTIONAL CONFIGURATIONS FOR CENTERS OF NUCLEAR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES
CIVIL
INFRASTRUCTURE
LIVING BUILDINGS
LIBRARY
SPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
LIVING BUILDINGS
MUSEUM
LECTURE AUDITORIUMS
MULTIPURPOSE
IRRADIATION
PLANT
LABS LABS
CYCLOTRON
NUCLEAR RESEARCH
FACILITY
Configuration options:
- Research Reactor
- Irradiation Plant
- Cyclotron
- PET-Center
- Laboratories
- Research and
Training Center
- Lecture auditoriums
- Museum
- Exhibit hall
- Civil infrastructure
- Sport facilities
- Campus and
residences
PET-CENTER
18
ROSATOM INTEGRATED NFC SOLUTIONS
• Wet short-time SNF storage or dry long-time
one?
• Reprocessing or final disposal?
• How and where to pack RW?
• How to ship the SNF?
• What should be the mode of decommissioning?
• What to do with reprocessed U and Pu? Nuclear Fuel Research Reactor, NPP
Issues for the Customer Usual Nuclear Fuel Cycle supply
approach
Nuclear Fuel Research Reactor, NPP
Reprocessing in Russia
Interim Storage
Regenerated Materials Shipment
Rosatom Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle proposal
19
ROSATOM FUEL FOR RESEARCH REACTORS: LIFETIME FUEL
SUPPLY GUARANTEE
NF for research reactors: Russian design
Fuel assemblies are delivered to customers in transport casks complying with IAEA
regulations by all modes of transport including air
• Design & Fabrication of nuclear fuel for reactors in Russia
• For overseas research reactors of Russian design (8 countries) fuel assemblies with
enrichment in U235 < 20%
• Participation in RERTR Program (conversion of research reactors using HEU fuel to LEU,
U235 < 20%)
NF for research reactors: foreign design
• Fabrication of MTR fuel assemblies with plate-type fuel
elements for research reactors of the Western design
• P20 fuel assemblies manufactured at NCCP by
extrusion technology. NCCP qualification was
completed in 2014
20
21
RESEARCH REACTOR MODERNIZATION & UPGRADES
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 21
IBR-2M research reactor (2011) is an
upgraded IBR-2 fast pulsed reactor
reactor (1984) with movable reflector
and record high thermal neutron flux of
1016 cm–2∙s–1
Restart after modernization on February 11, 2011
Key Services for RR Upgrades
Capacity Increase
Key equipment replacements:
neutron sources, reflectors,
etc.
Core modernization for
alternative fuel supplies
New functional facilities
Ageing management / Lifetime
extension
REFERENCE PROJECT – TAJOURA (LIBYA)
CENTER FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 22
Research Reactor and Nuclear Center
Design – ROSATOM organizations
Equipment, instruments – Rosatom
organizations, global supply chain (eg.
Siemens)
CNEST configuration: 25 buildings, incl:
- Research reactor 10 MW (light water,
pool type,
IRT-1, 20 kg U, 80 % enrichment, 11
neutron fluxes for research purposes);
- Tokamak;
- Neutron physics lab;
- Radioisotopes complex (14 hot
cells)
- Radiochemical complex (11 hot
cells)
- Auxiliary facilities
Reactor hall
Building of
Tajoura Nuclear
Center
VIETNAM – NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES CENTER
• Capacity – 15MW
• Legal basis – Intergovernmental Agreement
23
General layout of Nuclear
Science and Technologies
Center
• NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTOR
• MATERIAL TESTING COMPLEX
• RADIOISOTOPE COMPLEX
• PROCESS COMPLEXES
• ENGINEERING COMPLEXES
• RAD WASTE MANAGEMENT
COMPLEX AND SPENT FUEL
STORAGE
Vietnam
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
• Nuclear Research Reactor (up to
200 кW)
• Multipurpose Irradiation Center
• Cyclotron
• Scientific and human capacity
development labs
• Engineering complexes and
systems
• Social and educational facilities
BOLIVIA – CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO EN
TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR ( CIDETEN)
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 24
El Alto,
Bolivia • Legal basis – Intergovernmental
Agreement (signed March 6, 2016)
• First RR at 4100 m altitude
25
SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
26
• Approaching end of lifetime, due
time reactor replacement
• Need to keep isotopes business
and market share, current clients
• Regulatory challenges
• 50+ years in operation
• Availability – 300+ days a year
• Average reactor power of 20 MW
• One of the highest utilized reactors in
the world
• Leading global isotopes producer (60
client countries)
SOUTH AFRICA – SAFARI-I SUCCESS STORY
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 26
SAFARI-I
Pelindaba,
South Africa
1965 - SOP 2015 – 50 y/o 2023 – expected end of
lifetime (+1-3 yrs?)
Key successes Key challenges
27
SOUTH AFRICA – MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR
PERSPECTIVE
The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 27
Irradiation study of materials
NAA
Neutron radiography
Nuclear, solid state and reactor
physics
Personnel training
Silicon doping
Medical and industrial isotopes
Radiation therapy (boost, neutron capture).
Gem colorization
Pelindaba,
South Africa
MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR design must be capable to deliver
efficiently on OPTIMUM RESEARCH REACTOR APPLICATIONS MIX:
28 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
SOUTH AFRICA – MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR
DESIGN IDEAS
DESIGN IDEAS
Pelindaba
South Africa
• Keeping the leading position globally in
production of Mo-99, I-131 for medicine,
Ir-192, Co-60 for industrial applications
• Radiation services on Lu-177, Y-90
• Production for locals needs of Lu-177,
short lived Sm-153
IMPLEMENTATION IMPERATIVES
29 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
SAFARI-I 1965 - SOP 2015 – 50 y/o
2023 – expected end
of lifetime (+1-3 yrs?)
PROJECT COMPLEXITY, ITS CAPACITY AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS DEFINE LONG
LEAD PLANNING, DESIGN AND LICENSING PROCEDURES THAT MAY TAKE UP TO 7-8
YEARS
?
KICK OFF- T0
2016-2017
Thank you!
30 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated
companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru
Baie Dankie!
Ngiyabonga!