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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Nuclear Mixed-Symmetry States as Probe for pn Effective Valence Shell Interaction
Institut fInstitut fürür Kernphysik, TU-Darmstadt Kernphysik, TU-Darmstadt
•Mixed Symmetry States•Recent Progress•Research with RIBs•Outlook & Summary
OutlineChristoph FransenGeorgi Rainovski
Jason HoltNico Orce
Oleksiy BurdaPeter von Neumann-Cosel
Volker WernerTan Ahn
ANL
Collaborators
Norbert PietrallaNorbert Pietralla
CRE Nuclear/Radiation physics
SFB634
S-DALINAC, TUD
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Heavy Atomic nucleus
• many-body system
• consists of two equivalent entities (protons-neutrons)
• quantum system
• COLLECTIVITY
• ISOSPIN SYMMETRY
• SHELL STRUCTURE
Two-fluid quantum system
Generic Aspects of Nuclear Structure
Coexist, interplay, and compete?
Study collective isovector valence shell excitations(combine all 3 aspects)
Study mixed symmetry (MS) structures !
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Model pn-symmetry in valence shell
F-spin = Isospin in Systems of “elementary” Bosons
Approximation:
IBM, analytic solutions
Contain pn-antisymmetric boson pairsSignature: enhanced M1 radiation
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Simple Example: Harmonic Oscillator, N=2
E
2+n
2+1
2+ms
2+p
Vpn
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Experimental signature for MSSs: M1 transitions
tot(1)
νν(1)
ππνπ L)]d[d]d)([dg(gT(M1) ~~
g 1 N, g 0 N
M1 forbidden between FSSs!
L L
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Richter,Kneissl,von Brentanoet al.
Sensitivity to Shell Structure
MSSs at the analytical Limits
N = N =1
•Status of MS structures in vibrational nuclei
M1 phenomena in the valence shell
E2M1Scissors
mode
Measure of quadrupolecollectivity
2+
0+2+
4+
0+2+
SU(3)Rotor 2+
3+
1+
Scissors ModeA. Richter et al.
TU Darmstadt, 1983
K=1
Stuttgart-Darmstadt-Köln
1+
0+
4+ 2+ 0+
2+
2+
1+3+U(5)
Vibrator
Fmax-1
MS multi-Phononstructure
N. Pietralla et al., PRC 58, 184 (1998)
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Mixed symmetry phonon structure at N = 52
93NbOrce et. al (2006)
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Identification of multi-phonon MSSsM1 strength, 2+ 2+
1
E2 strength from g.s.
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
First observation of vibrational MS structure in odd-mass nuclei
J.N. Orce et al, PRL 97, 062504 (2006).
93Nb94Mo
B(M1)93Nb = 0.32(11)[0.62(24)]N2
B(M1)94Mo = 0.56(5) N2
0+
2+
2+ms
1196
871
Doppler-shift lifetimesfrom (n,n‘) at Lexington
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Systematic SM calculations from NN interaction with Vlow-k
J. D. Holt et al, (submitted)
Yale-Rutgers collaboration(preliminary)
x
Inverse kinematics Coulomb excitation
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Program at S-DALINAC
M1/g-factor = integral one value
Cross sections = differential a function(1-dim more structure information)
Electron Spectrometer
130 MeV in-house electron LINAC
ideal for nuclearstructure studies
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Electron scattering on vibrational multi-phonon MSSs
94Mo(e,e’)
• Ideal for one-phonon states• Sensitive to 14 lowest 2+ states
94Mo(p,p’)iThembaLabs data
with H.FujitaP.von Neumann-Cosel
et al.
Darmstadt datawith O.Burda,
P.von Neumann-CoselA.Richter et al.
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
94Mo(e,e’) Form FactorsTest of quantum mechanical wavefunction
IBM-2 and SM Vlow-k in good agreement with experiment.
combination with hadronic probe [forward-angle (p,p’) at iThembaLabs] allows for isospin-sensitivity.
ExperimentQPMIBM-2SM (Vlow-k)
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Inverse kinematics CoulEx to MSSs at ANL
carbon
G.Rainovski, NP et al, PRL 96 122501 (2006)
138Ce138Ce
Coulomb excitation
Detector array
Study pn-symmetry in valence shell
REX-Isolde, HRIBF, CARIBU,…
exotic nuclei
138Ce@480MeV788 (2+1→0+)
1448
(2+
ms→
2+ 1)
2237
(2+
ms→
0+ 1)
M1
E2
gs
2+ms
2+1
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
CoulEx of Mixed-Symmetry StatesObserve 2+1,2,3,4,5,6 up to 2.7 MeV
G.Rainovski, NP et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 122501 (2006).Gammasphere at ANL
in collaborationM.P.CarpenterR.V.F.JanssensC.J.ListerS.Zhu
2+ms
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 10.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
0+
2
E2E3E2+E4
Ex(J
) (M
eV
)
(J)/(2+
1)
4+
1
3-
1
2+
1
2+
2
2+
3
2+
4
2+
5
2+
6
= 1.204(33)ps = 180(9)fs
= 82(5)fs
= 156(10)fs
= 91(36)fsThe population cross-sections at 480 MeV
CLX code (H. Ower – J. Gerl – H. Scheit)Based on Multiple step Coulex theory (Winter – de Boer)
B(E2, 21+)↑=
0.450(30) e2b2
B(, Jj+)
BR
CLX
+ Radiation characterfrom angular distribution
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
0
1
2
1920212223
2.6
42
2.4
712
.237
2.1
43
1.5
11
B(E
2;2
+ i
0 ) (
W.u
.)
0.7
88
0.00
0.05
0.10
B(M
1;2
+
j2
+
1)
( )
138Ce
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.1
1
10
E(2+
i) (MeV)
B(E
2;2
+ i
2 ) (
W.u
.)
Transition Strength Distributions
E2
M1
E2
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
MSS Investigation @ Argonne (“Missia”) program overview
•ANL ATLAS Superconducting LINAC•Gammasphere
PublishedUnder analysisExpt acceptedproposed
Xe
Ce
Ba
Sm
Chart from: http://www.nndc.bnl.gov
Previous literature
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Recent Coulex ExperimentsNovember 2005 at ANL: 136Ce, 134XeJune 2006 at ANL: 124,126,128,130,132Xe (under analysis)
134Xe2+
ms
132Xe 2+ms
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Direct evidence for p-n interaction Vpn in the valence shell
• Energy splitting increases with growing valence shell (increasing Np)
Task for Radioactive Beam Accelerators (e.g. HRIBF, REXIsolde…)
Proton Number Z
2+1
One phonon 2+ evolution in N=80 isotones
2+2
132Te
2+ms
Vpn ~ (NpNn)1/2
E
2+n
2+1
2+ms
2+p
Vpn
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
What RIB intensity needed for studying MSSs?105
104
103
102
103
102
10
104
10
103
102
15 h at 6.109 pps!1/25
1/250
1/2500
107pps for 2 weeks
106pps for 2 weeks
105pps for 2 weeks
To identify excited 2+ state (beyond the 2+
1) in vibrational nucleus (B(E2)~1Wu) with Gammasphere for 2 weeks beam time we need 105pps. For complete spectroscopy 106-107 pps will be needed!
2+ms
2+ms
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Outlook (e,e’) transition densities for p and n Trace evolution of Vp-n
RIBS exotic nuclei HRIBF, ANL CARIBU, REX-ISOLDE,
SPIRAL II, …
Proton Number Z
2+1
2+ms
2+ evolution in N=80 isotones
132Te
140Xe
4+
140Xe 2+
FWHM ~9 keVR. Kruecken et al. Munich (2006)
MINIBALL @ CERNREX-ISOLDE
5•105 part/sec
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Norbert Pietralla Isolde WS2007
Proton-Neutron Mixed-Symmetry States are sensitive probes of the pn-interaction in the valence shell
94Mo – a textbook example
93Nb – first vibrational MSSs in odd-A nucleus
Advances in nuclear theory (Vlow-k for MS)
First g-factors for MSSs (92,94Zr)
New avenue in (e,e’) @ S-DALINAC
“Missia” program @ ANL
Great potential for RIBs (map Vpn in exotic regions)
Summary