IAEA IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Innovation in Action Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) David Shropshire IAEA Planning and Economic Studies Connecting Roadmaps for Innovative Nuclear Energy to the NDC Timeline (COP23 Side IETA Pavilion) 8 November, 2017
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Nuclear Innovation in Action Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
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IAEA IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Innovation in ActionSmall Modular Reactors (SMRs)
David ShropshireIAEA Planning and Economic Studies
Connecting Roadmaps for Innovative Nuclear Energy to the NDC Timeline (COP23 Side IETA Pavilion)
8 November, 2017
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Topics
• What are SMRs?• Prospects and Challenges• Roadmaps for Deployment
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SMR: defined and rationale for use
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Advanced Reactors to produce up to 300 MW(e), built in factories and transported as modules to sites for installation as demand arises.
Economic• Lower Upfront capital cost• Economy of serial production
Better Affordability
Modularization• Multi-module• Modular Construction
Shorter construction time
Flexible Application• Remote regions• Small grids
Wider range of Users
Smaller footprintSite flexibility
Replacement for aging fossil-fired plants Reduced CO2 production
Potential Hybrid Energy System Integration with Renewables
• Reduced Emergency planning zone
A nuclear option to meet the need for flexible power generation for wider range of users and applications
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Water cooled SMRs (Examples)
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Marine-based SMRs (Examples)KLT-40S FLEXBLUE
FPU and Fixed Platform
Compact-loop PWR• 60 MW(e) / 200 MW(th)• Core Outlet Temp.: 322oC• Fuel Enrichment: < 5%• FPU for cogeneration• Once through SG, passive
safety features• Fuel cycle: 30 months• To be moored to coastal or
• Improves access to energy (SDG#7) in remote areas
• Adds security for countries lacking energy resources
• Alternative to fossil energy for desalination, district heating, and chemical processing
• Transportable SMRs could open new markets.
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Advantages Issues and Challenges
Tech
nolo
gy Is
sues
• Shorter construction period (modularization)
• Potential for enhanced safety and reliability
• Design simplicity• Suitability for non-electric
application (desalination, etc.).• Replacement for aging fossil
plants, reducing GHG emissions
• Licensability (first-of-a-kind structure, systems and components)
• Non-LWR technologies• Operability and Maintainability• Staffing for multi-module plant;
Human factor engineering; • Supply Chain for multi-modules• Advanced R&D needs
Non
-Tec
hno
Issu
es
• Fitness for smaller electricity grids• Options to match demand growth
by incremental capacity increase• Site flexibility• Reduced emergency planning zone• Lower upfront capital cost (better
affordability)• Easier financing scheme
• Economic competitiveness• Plant cost estimate• Regulatory infrastructure• Availability of design for newcomers• Physical Security• Post Fukushima action items on