NTPC Summer Training Presentation

SUMMER TRAINING

2014

NTPC LIMITED

BADARPUR THERMAL

POWER STATION

Presented by –

Alok Yadav

1103021006

INDEX

1) INTRODUCTION

2) ABOUT BTPS

3) OPERATION OF POWER PLANT

4) PARTS OF A POWER PLANT

5) ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT-I

6) ELECTRICAL MAINETNANCE DEPARTMENT-II

7) CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

8) REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

India’s largest power company, Set up in 1975

to accelerate power development in India.

became a Maharatna company in 2010.

The total installed capacity is 43,019 MW (17

coal based, 7 gas based stations and 7 solar

based plants).

Target of an installed power generating

capacity of 1,28,000 MW by the year 2032.

About BTPS Established on 1973 and it was the part of

Central Government. On 01/04/1978 is was

given to NTPC.

Started with a single 95 MW unit.

2 more units (95 MW each) installed in next

2 consecutive years.

Now it has total five units with total capacity of

720 MW. Ownership of BTPS was transferred to

NTPC with effect from 01.06.2006

Given below are the details of unit with the year

they’re installed

Basic Steps of Electricity Generation

Generation of electricity involves following

steps:

Coal to steam

Steam to mechanical power

Mechanical power to electrical power

OPERATION OF A POWER PLANT

Generator works on the principle of FARADAY’s Law . To change the flux ,turbine is moved in a great speed with steam.

To produce steam, water is heated in the boilers by burning the coal.

After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser.

The BTPS has Steam Turbine-Driven Generatorswhich has a collective capacity of 705 MW.

PARTS OF A POWER PLANT1. Cooling tower

2. Cooling water pump

3. Transmission line (3-phase)

4. Unit transformer (3-phase)

5. Electric generator (3-phase)

6. Low pressure turbine

7. Condensate extraction pump

8. Condenser

9. Intermediate pressure turbine

10. Steam governor valve

11. High pressure turbine

12. Deaerator

13. Feed heater

14. Coal conveyor

15. Coal hopper

16. Pulverised fuel mill

17. Boiler drum

18. Ash hopper

19. Super heater

20. Forced draught fan

21. Reheater

22. Air intake

23. Economiser

24. Air preheater

25. Precipitator

26. Induced draught fan

27. Flue Gas

ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – I (EMD-I)

It includes:

Motors

High Tension/Low Tension Switchgear

Coal handling plant

MOTORS

AC MOTORS

Squirrel cage motor

Slip ring induction motor

In modern thermal power plant three phase

squirrel cage induction motors are used but

sometime double wound motor is used when we

need high starting torque.

Ns (speed) =120f/p

SWITCH GEAR

Switching device that opens & closes a circuit and defined as apparatus used for switching, Lon rolling & protecting the electrical circuit & equipments.

Concerned with switching & interrupting currents either under normal or abnormal operating conditions.

Circuit breakers used in B.P.T.S are VCB, OCB, and SF6 gas circuit breaker.

The most expensive circuit breaker is the SF6 type .

Various manufacturer:VOLTAS, JYOTI, and KIRLOSKAR.

It includes switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays & other equipments.

OIL CIRCUIT

BREAKERS

AIR CIRCUIT

BREAKERS

SF6 CIRCUIT

BREAKERS

COAL HANDLING PLANT (CHP)

The coal handling plant consists of two plants:

Old Coal Handling Plant (OCHP)

New Coal Handling Plant (NCHP)

The OCHP supplies coal to Unit- I, II, III &

NCHP supplies coal to Unit- IV and V.

COAL SUPPLIED AT BTPS

Coal is supplied to BTPS by Jharia coal mines.

CHP Control Room

ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT –II (EMD-II)

It includes:

Generators

Transformers

Switch yard

GENERATORS The generator works on the principle

of EMI.

The stator cooling is done by de-mineralized (DM) water through hollow conductors.

A boiler and a turbine are coupled to electric generators.

Steam from the boiler is fed to the turbine through the connecting pipe. Steam drives the turbine rotor.

The turbine rotor drives the generator rotor which generate electricity.

RATINGS OF THE GENERATORS USED

Turbo generator 100MW

Turbo generator 210 MW

The 100 MW generator generates 10.75 KV and 210 MW generates 15.75 KV. The voltage is stepped up to 220 KV with the help of transformer and is connected to the grid.

The voltage is stepped down to 6.6 KV with the help of UNIT TRANSFORMER and this voltage is used to drive the HT motors.

The voltage is further stepped down to 415 V and then to 220 V and this voltage is used to drive LT Motors.

TRANSFORMERS

Static machine which increases or decreases the AC voltage without changing the freqency of the supply.

It is a device that: Transfer electric power from one circuit

to another.

It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction.

In this the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:It works on FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.

SWITCH YARD

Electrical energy can’t be stored like cells, so what we generate should be consumed instantaneously.

But as the load is not constants therefore we generate electricity according to need i.e. the generation depends upon load.

The yard is the places from where the electricity is send outside. It has both outdoor and indoor equipments.

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

BUS BAR.

LIGHTENING ARRESTER

BREAKER

CAPACITATIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

EARTHING ROD

CURRENT TRANSFORMER.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

INDOOR EQUIPMENTS

RELAYS.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

This division basically calibrates various instruments and takes care of any faults occur in any of the auxiliaries in the plant.

“Instrumentation can be well defined as a technology of using instruments to measure and control the physical and chemical properties of a material.”

Control and Instrumentation Department has following labs:

Manometry Lab.

Protection and Interlocks Lab.

Automation Lab.

Electronics Lab.

Water Treatment Plant.

Furnaces Safety Supervisory System Lab

CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

References

Course Material for Trainees by NTPC,

Badarpur

Modern Power System Analysis

(By D P Kothari | I J Nagrath)

Wikipedia

www.ieee.org