Ntpc badarpur summer training

IN PLANT TRAININGReport

By,SHIVAM JAIN

10BEC0482

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT NTPC

• India’s largest power company, NTPC was set up in 1975 to accelerate power development in India.

• NTPC became a Maharatna company in May, 2010, one of the only four companies to be awarded this status.

• The total installed capacity of the company is 39,174 MW (including JVs) with 16 coal based and 7 gas based stations, located across the country.

• In addition under JVs, 7 stations are coal based & another station uses naptha/LNG as fuel.

• The company has set a target to have an installed power generating capacity of 1,28,000 MW by the year 2032.

About BTPS• BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION was established on 1973 and it was the part of

Central Government.• On 01/04/1978 is was given to NTPC.• Since then operating performance of NTPC has been considerably above the national

average.• Badarpur thermal power station started with a single 95 mw unit.• There were 2 more units (95 MW each) installed in next 2 consecutive years.• Now it has total five units with total capacity of 720 MW. Ownership of BTPS was

transferred to NTPC with effect from 01.06.2006• The power is supplied to a 220 KV network that is a part of the northern grid.• The ten circuits through which the power is evacuated from the plant are:

o 1. Mehrauli o 2. Okhla o 3. Ballabgarh o 4. Indraprastha o 5. UP (Noida) o 6. Jaipur

Installed Capacity

OPERATION MECHANISM

• The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to boiler for producing heat .

• In Boiler the water is converted to steam.• In super heater the moisture content is

removed from the steam and that steam is called super heated steam.

• The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressure turbine.

• The exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam then rotates the intermediate pressure (IP) turbine.

• The steam from the IP Turbine is then feed to low pressure turbine.

• The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which produces electric Power.

• The power generated is then transmitted .

OPERATION AND MAINTAINANCE

• This control & instrumentation is the brain of the plant because from the relays to transmitters followed by the electronic computation chipsets and recorders and lastly the controlling circuitry, all fall under this.

LVDT(Linear Variable Differential Transducers)• An electro-mechanical device that produces electrical

output linearly proportional to displacement of moveable core.

• play integral part in C&I lab as for pressure measurement

• Convert minute pressure drops by virtue of movement of plunger which causes emf to be induced which is coverted to digital values to read.

Working :-• When the primary coil is energized

by an AC current, source voltage are induced in two secondary coils.

• The arrangement shown produces net zero signal output from the secondary's when induced voltage are equal in each coil when core is in center.

• A movement of core leads to an increase in magnetic coupling to the coil in direction of movement and reduction in other coil producing a net output signal.

• Similarly in opposite direction produces an identical signal in opposite phase.

Important Features :-

• Advantage is that moving core does not make contact with other electrical components of the assembly.

• Offers high reliability and long life.• Positive Over-Pressure – protected from damage by over pressure.• Shock loading – diaphragms are not made from brittle materials and

so failures due to shock loads are rare.• Transmitter Electronics – LVDT pressure and level transmitters

enable the user to adjust zero and span settings. o Analogue transmitter provide only zero and span adjustment, square root

option and other o Digital type can be configures via integral communication port.o Thus submersible type LVDT sensor use digital signal processing.

Data Acquisition System

• A lot of Data is coming from process due to lot of instrumentation involved.

• Target is to acquire this data at lower cost and less complex instruments.

• To maintain line safe operation, data is analyzed to :-o Increase efficiency, reliability and availabilityo Provide historical records for review

• A computerized DAS is a real time system thus computer must have a proven and efficient real time operating system as :-o Memory cycle time < 1 microsecondso Multiple external interruptso Fast access disk in order of 20 millisecondo Multi memory banks and expandability to at least 64K wordso Floating point hardwareo Internal Interrupts for various trap conditionso Real time clocks and etc.

The actual performance of a computer system for the same hardware depends upon the configuration , operating system and software design.

Data logging system

• Another function of system is data logging for operator understanding.o Turbine run on log – start turbine roll offo Boiler starts up logo Hourly logo Summary log o Maintenance logo Performance logo Shut down log and etc.

• The plant monitoring is done by constantly scanning the inputs and checking them against the alarm limits, if any is out of limits then a message is printed or a light or alarm is activated

Memory management system

• Also called as “ dynamic memory allocation “• OS searches for an area in memory large

enough to run a program.• OS should not do more I/O’s for memory

management than it is necessary.• The software design and priority structure

should be thought out carefully with the objective of minimizing access to bulk memory.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

• A digital computer for automation of electromechanical processes.

• PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER is a solid state control system that continuously monitors the status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a user written program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices connected as outputs.

• Control of machinery as in factory assembly lines, amusement rides or light fixtures.

• PLC is designed for multiple inputs and outputs, extended temperature ranges , immunity to electrical noise and resistance to vibration and impact

• Programs are stored in battery-backed-up or non volatile memory.• Automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs

Need of PLC

References :-

• Reading material from Mr. Ashish Agrawal (senior superintendent) and other C&I officials

• Nalanda library at NTPC• Various links used :

o http://ntpc.co.ino http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_variable_differential_transformer and etc.

THANKYOU