NTFP: VALUE ADDITION AND IT’S IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD
May 22, 2015
NTFP: VALUE ADDITION AND IT’S IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD
Advisory committee
Dr. K. KUMARANProfessor (Forestry)Dept. of Floriculture & Medicinal Plants, HC & RI Periyakulam
MEMBERS
Dr. I. SEKARProfessor (Forestry)Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RIMettupalayamDr. D. AMIRTHAMAssistant Professor (Biochemistry)Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RIMettupalayam
CHAIRMAN
ADDITIONAL MEMBER
Dr. S. MURUGESANSenior Scientist, Division of Bio-prospectingIFGTB, Coimbatore
CONTENTS
‘Non-Timber Forest Products’ (NTFPs) encompasses all biological materials other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human use.
NTFP ?
(Source: De Beer and McDermott , 1989)
NTFP CLASSIFICATION
GROUP-INTFPs of Plant Origin
• Edible Plant Products• Spices and Condiments• Medicinal Plants• Aromatic Plants• Fatty Oil Yield Plants• Gum & Resin Exuding Plants• Tan Yield Plants• Dye & Colour Yield Plants• Fibre & Floss Yield Plants• Bamboo-Canes• Fodder & Forage• Fuelwood, Charcoal Making• Bidi Wrapper Leaves• Other Leaves for Plates• Beads for Ornaments• Saponin & Marking Nut Plant-Others
(Shiva and Mathur, 1996)
NTFP CLASSIFICATION
(Shiva and Mathur, 1996)
GROUP-IINTFPs of Animal Origin
• Honey• Lac• Tussar and Other Silk• Insects and Animal-Hides, Skins and Feathers• Horns, Bones and Shellac-Ivory and Musk
SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE
COUNTRY NUMBER OF
ENTERPRISES
NUMBER OF
PERSONS
INVOLVED
NUMBER OF
VILLAGES
SALES
India 27 2,232 370 €1,81,596Indonesia 29 1,452 58 € 99,838Philippines 64 1,946 68 € 88,417.8Cambodia 38 1,649 81 € 38,344.2Total 163 7,400 600 €4,08,196
(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)
SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE
(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)
NTFP Collection: An analysis
Forest Department (Divisional Forest Officer)
Highest Bidder / Tribal Society
Agent
Sub Agent (Optional)
Tribal Collector
Permit given from collectors
(Source: Key stone biodiversity programme – NTFP Project, 1998)
NTFP General – Supply chain
(Source: National status report[MOEF], 2006)
• Increase sales by creating product diversity
• Stabilize income by allowing income creation during off-seasons
• Provide opportunities for other groups or sectors to create income from the products
• Provide an outlet for other creative talents
• Make use of excess produce
Reasons for developing Value Added products
VALUE ADDITION IN NTFPs
Honey
Amla
Tendu leaves
Sal leaf plates
Lac
Cutch and Katha
TanninsTamarindus
Honey Processing
Removal of cappings
Filtering
Insert - Extractor
Labeling
Harvesting
Packing
MAJOR HONEY SOURCES IN INDIA
TOP HONEY PRODUCING COUNTRIES
(Source: FAO, 2011)
i. Comb Honey & Chunk Honeyii. Organic Honeyiii. Crystallized Honeyiv. Pasteurized Honeyv. Raw Honeyvi. Strained Honeyvii. Ultrafiltered Honeyviii.Ultrasonicated Honeyix. Whipped Honey
Types of honey
LAC PROCESSING
Lac sticks Scraping lac from twigs
Washing with alkaline
Filtration Hot melting
Final Stretching
Lac sheets(Source: Ramesh
Singh, 2006)
Lac production at National level
(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)
Share of different states in Lac production at National
level
(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)
1. Murabbai. Amla Murabbaii. Amla honey Murabbaiii. Amla Sugar Free
Murabba2. Sweetsi. Amla Burfiii. Amla Laddu3. Candyi. Amla Candy Plainii. Amla Candy Superiii. Amla Candy Chapatti
AMLA PRODUCTS (Indian Gooseberry)
4. Juice & Squash
i. Amla Juiceii. Amla Squash5. Powderi. Amla Powderii. Amla Churanam6. Picklesi. Amla Pickle7. Chatnii. Amla Chatni8. Jami. Amla Jam
AMLA SEED EXPELLER
(Source: KSNM- Agri Marketing, 2011)
AMLA PICKLE
Filter to separate juice
Add- Salt + Chilies +Oil
Add muster seeds
After 5 mins. -Amla Pickle
Boil with water 5 mins.
AMLA MURABBA
Boil – 2 mins.
Make sugar sol. Soak amla
Boil – 4 mins.
Repeat – 4 days
Soak – Amla with water 2 hr
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Step 1: Pre-processing = De-hulling and cleaning
Fresh fruits
Drying - Pods
Cracking - Pods
Separating (Mature pods & Dusts)
Cleaning to remove seedsPulp
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Step 2: Processing from the pulp
Tamarind Pulp
Boil in water
Filter to separate juice
Pour into bottles and seal
Heat pasteurize in bottles
Cool it rapidly by cold water
JUICE PICKLE
Grind and mix with salt +
spices
Pour into bottles while hot
Cook for 20 mins while stirring
Tamarind Pickle
Tamarind Pulp
(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)
Tendu Leaves Processing (Diospyros melaoxylon. Lin)
Collection Trimming & Sizing
Rolling
Trimming & Sizing
Trimming & Sizing
Trimming & Sizing(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)
Sal Leaf plates (Shorea robusta)
Harvesting leaves
Collection
Moulding Moulded plate
Sun drying
Packing
Cutch & Katha (Acacia catechu) - Processing
Removal of bark and sapwood
Cutting of wood – 5X6 cm
Water wood ratio 3:1 boiled for12 hr
Density of syrup(1.1)
Poured into mould dug
10-15 days
Tannins (Myrobalans) - Processing
1. Chipping / crushing
2. Extraction (diffuser)
3. Settling
4. Concentrating (triple effect evaporator)
5. Spray drying (spray drier)
6. Final product
(Food And Agricultural Industry, 1997)
1. Local institutions and tenure2. Ecological sustainability3. Social equity and fair trade4. Responsible business practices
ECO-CERTIFICATION OF NTFPs
• Improved species/forest management over time
• Social benefits/parity/rights of forest communities involved in collection
• Low wastage & higher quality of product
• Geographical track back & source identity
BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION
Sl. No.
Name of the product 1998 price 2008 price
1. Honey INR 10 / Kg INR 72 /KgINR 110 /Kg for semi processedINR 150 /Kg for double filtered
2. Amla INR 1.5 / Kg INR 3 /Kg for CollectorsINR 6 / Kg for VFCs
3. Eecham Grass INR 3 / Kg INR 7 /Kg for CollectorsINR 14 for VFCs
4. Soap Nut INR 1.5 /Kg INR 3 /Kg for collectorsINR 6 /Kg for VFCs
5. Aralekai INR 2 /Kg INR 4 /Kg for CollectorsINR 8 /Kg for VFCs
IMPACT OF THE INTERVENTIONS IN TERMS OF NTFP PRICES FOR
COLLECTORS
(Source: Dhananjaya and Umesh Rao, 2007)
PRICE RANGE OF OIL SEEDS, OIL AND OIL CAKE
Sl. No.
Name of Seed Seed Rs/ Kg
OilRs/ Lit.
Oil Cak
eRs/ Kg
Use ofOil Cake
1. Karanj (Pongamia Pinnata)
9-14 50-55 70-90
Bio Pesticide, Fertilizer
2. Neem (Azadirachta indica )
7-15 75-90 120-160
Bio Pesticide
3. Mahua Seed (Madhuca indica)
9-18 35-45 80-120
Fish feed, Mosquito Coil Making, Soap Industry, Fertilizer
(Source: Jharkhand Govt., 2007)
1. Cheating by local traders on weight and measurement
2. Lack of market price information
3. Quality of stored NTFP reduced for moisture absorption
4. Sustainability Issues
5. Lack of capacity to market NTFPs
ISSUES IN NTFPs VALUE ADDITION
1. At the Individual level
2. At the Population level
IMPACTS DUE TO UNSUSTAINABLE HARVEST
3. At the Ecosystem level
4. At the Genetic level
• The cost from illegal fees collected by some policemen from traders or middlemen at checkpoints are passed to the collectors by lowering the local buying prices of NTFPs.
• Lack of support from the Government on NTFP development.
LEGAL AND POLITICAL
POLICY AND ACTs
• Indian Forest Act, 1927
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
• Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• National Forest Policy, 1988
• Inaccessibility
• Lack of research
• Limited skills
• Monopoly - NTFP marketing.
• Low market prices of NTFPs.
• Lack of financial support
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
1. Depletion of resources resulting in difficulty in NTFP collection.
2. Decline of wildlife.
3. Occupation of the forest by powerful entities that causes degradation to the forest resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL
A threat to • Mother Nature• Mankind
Biopiracy
Remedies• Awareness• National Policy and Act
• Promote sustainable harvesting
• Improve production
• Empower to community
• Ensure that the benefits from NTFP processing are spread throughout the community
Suggestions
CONCLUSION
Rural people’s doing NTFPs Value Addition, while this process those NTFPs quality will improve
simultaneously rural livelihood also improving, but they should know and rectify the negative impact
on environment.