NSSE 2011 Nirmalya Applications of SE

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Application of Software Engineering

Concepts in the Industry

Presented by,

Nirmalya ChaudhuriLead- Education and Research,Infosys Technologies Limited

15-Jan-2011 ,

Silicon Institute of Technology



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Objectives of this Session

• To get an overview of Typical IT Services

• To understand the Importance of Software Engineering

• To appreciate the IT services model and how it works.

• Understand Models and Frameworks

• Get an overview of Global Delivery Model (GDM)

• New Technology Implications



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Typical IT Services and Software Engineering..



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IT in Every day life

•Reprography

•ATM & Banking

•Web communication – messengers, mailers,Community networking (Orkut, Facebook)

•Medicine and Healthcare

•Software's in your mobile phone

•Railway reservation system, Bill Payment

•Transport

•Finger tip access to information (Google, Ask)



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Basic Definitions

Business - A Business (also called a firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized

organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers, governments orother businesses.

•Commercial activity•Importance of ethics•Economics•Innovation

Information Technology - Information Technology is the study, design,

development, implementation, support or management of computer based informationsystems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.

•Information Storage•Information processing•Information transmission•Information retrieval•IT revolution



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A Typical Business scenario ..

Basic Inputs

T O

T A L C O S T

Raw material

Other Inputs

Inputs of Land/fixed assets

Labor

EXPENSES

MarketingInputs

Salesefforts

PROFIT

SALES

TO

CUST

OMER



The Software Product / Service



IT in the Business Realm

• Aerospace and Defense Practices.

• Automotive

• Banking and Capital Markets

• Communications, Media and Entertainment (CME).

• Energy Utilities and Services (EUS)

• Enterprise Solutions

• High Technology and Discrete Manufacturing.

• BPO

• Infrastructure Management Services (IMS)

• Insurance Healthcare Life Sciences (IHL)

• Independent Validation Solutions (IVS)

• Knowledge Services (KS)



IT in the Business Realm

• Learning Services

• Product Engineering (PE)

• Product Lifecycle and Engineering Solutions (PLES)

• Retail

• System Integration (SI)

• ……………

• ………….

• …………….



Typical IT services

• System study & Problem discovery (Consultancy)

– Necessary to scope and identify the business problem

– Map it to IT project solution

• Reengineering an entire system

– Change of technology and/or data management

– Change of work flows, user interfaces

• System Integration

– Enable diverse systems / applications, external interfaces and thirdparty products to communicate and process data in an integratedmanner

• Application development

– Develop new or enhance old applications to suit evolving businessneeds

– Choice of product – Build vs Buy

• Maintenance services

– Understand current system and applications

– Provide production support and enhancements on ongoing basis



Software Engineering

Software Engineering is the application of a systematic,disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,operation and maintenance of software; i.e., the application of engineering to software.

- (IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology)



Software Engineering Approach

Software Engineering approach uses:

• Methods• Project Planning and Estimation• Requirement Analysis• Design• Algorithm Development

• Coding• Testing• Deployment

• Tools• MS Project

• CASE Tools• Coding Tools• Testing Tools

• Procedures• Software Development Life Cycle



• Leveraging global expertise -worldwide collaboration

• Accountability across timezones

• Low cost, increasingcompetition, tighter margins

• Alignment between business,operations and IT

• Visibility

• Remote delivery

• Optimum resource allocation

Challenges with IT organizations with globallydistributed development teams :



Best Practices :

• Organizational Process Templates for various practices e.g. Project

Planning, Proposal Management, Help Desk Support etc

• Integrated set of templates for IT Projects

– Application Development

– Package Implementation

– Application Maintenance

• A Collaborative Framework

– Workflow-driven Requirement, Change and Defect Management

– Central repository for Processes

– Integration capabilities with other tools

• Dashboards that gives a birds eye view of what happens to theexecutive management



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Best Practices :• Key metrics and indicators to assess the performance and response

of globally distributed teams

• Helping replicate homegrown best practices across the globaldevelopment centers, and enforce them through the workflow drivenprocesses. Capture knowledge in a library from past projects and repeat

success stories over and over again.

• Monitoring SLAs for violations and discrepancies

• Helping achieve lowest TCO due to optimum resource allocation.

• Involving client in every process, through workflows, and give them asense of control



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Best Practices

• Documenting plans that assure results; reviews, metricsand feedback establishes a 'check-and-balance'mechanism

• Collaborating with outsourcing partners to delivermore value through innovation

• Ensuring an optimum mix of internal and outsourcingpartner resources in the transformation programs



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Models and Frameworks



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CMM

Project Risk

Productivity and Quality

1 Initial

2 Repeatable

3 Defined

4 Managed

5 Optimizing

Heroes

ProjectManagement

EngineeringProcess

Product andProcess Quality

Change ManagementDefect Prevention

Disciplined

Standard,Consistent

Predictable

ContinuouslyImproving



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IT Services Model in brief



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Outsourcing

• What is Outsourcing?

• Why does a client outsource IT projects?

– Elimination of non-core activities

– Access to greater Skill Pool/Intellectual Capital

– Economies of scale w.r.t. infrastructure, expertise etc.

– Risk Sharing/Reduction

– Cost benefit

• What is off-shoring?

– Why India?



Copyright © 2007, Infosys Technologies Ltd

GDM – Global Delivery ModelOrigin of GDM

What is GDM ?Executing GDM



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Components of a typical business

Marketing

Sales

CustomerRelationshipManagement

SupplierProcesses

Finance and otherSupport

HRManagement

InformationManagement

Public

Responsibility

CompanyPlanning

Training

Product Dev.Processes



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How do we organize business?



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Role of IT in Business

Automation of (business) processes – Employee pay roll processing

Improve Speed and efficiency of transactions – Airline reservation

Enable new business processes – On-line customer service

Make informed decisions based on data – Decision to introduce a new product



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Payroll Processing Example

• Employee attendance & time reporting

• Salary information

• Tax & witholding calculations

• Money transfer to employee account

• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,Social Security etc.,

• Information to employee

• Annual report for filing taxes



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Automating Payroll Processing

• Employee attendance & time reporting

• Salary information

• Tax & witholding calculations

• Money transfer to employee account

• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,Social Security etc.,

• Information to employee

• Annual report for filing taxes



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Automation Options

• Buy applications that have the functionality

• Build required functionality

– Build with internal team – Build with joint team – internal+sub-contractors

• Ask somebody else to build the functionality

– Outsource application building• Ask somebody else to run the complete process

– Outsource business process



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Activities in building the application

Detailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixingDocumentation

Bug fixesWarranty supportMaintenance

Rapid reaction support

Discovery Phase

Design & Build Phase

Post implementation support Phase

Scoping &Requirement analysis

Design (high level)User interface design

Deploy PhaseOn-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication release



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Outsourcing Application Development –Role of location for the activity

Detailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixingDocumentation

Bug fixesWarranty supportMaintenance


Discovery Phase



Scoping &Requirement analysis


Deploy PhaseOn-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication releaseClient

Location Any

Location



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GDM – Global Delivery Model

The intelligent break down of tasks to facilitate execution froma location where it makes the most business sense and putting

in place people, technology and process to facilitate theachievement of this is called GDM



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Global Delivery Model

Client Location / PDC Offshore Development Centers in India

Design (high level)User interface designDetailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixing

Documentation

Bug fixes

Warranty supportMaintenance


Discovery Phase



ScopingRequirement analysis


Deploy Phase

On-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication release

Infosys On-site co-coordinator +Customer mgr

Off-shore project leader

Weekly statusJob allocation

Queries & ClarificationLeverage workday

Smart work breakdown



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Why GDM?GDM improves your odds: by addressing your business concerns

Clients would like to see a

reduction in TCO

Total cost of ownership

GDM offers variable cost depending on Globallocation from where the service is executed. This

allows CXOs to pick one that makes the mosteconomic sense.

Clients require 24*7availability of services at alltimes

De-risking

Highly resilient to any type of disaster networkedenvironment with flexibility to deliver services fromany location around the world with very high andefficient recoverability.

Shrinking cycle times is the

order of the dayTime-to-market

GDM offers extended workdays across multipletime-zones (multiple locations) for faster projectcompletion.

Clients expect high qualitydelivered with highpredictability

QualityVirtual teams connected through seamless flow ofinformation and access to experts and knowledgebases at multiple places/sites.

Reacting to quickly

changing Environment iscritical for the clientScalability and flexibility

GDM offers access to resources at multiple

locations ensuring high flexibility.

Clients need innovation andglobal now-how

Best global talentGDM allows us to tap the best brains from acrossthe globe



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The elements of GDMBringing it together

High Quality

&Processes

Skilled & enough

Personnel

Execute atLow price & best location

Extendedworkdays

GDM Where it all comes together !



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How does GDM work?

Global Delivery Model splits work into logical components and distributes these components to perform them where it creates the maximum value for the client.



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Outsourcing – Infosys Model

• Pros of GDM

– Cost Benefits – Time zone advantages

– Ready infrastructure

– Intellectual Capital

– Leverage vendor’s PMcapabilities

– Judiciously leverageoffshore/onsite resources

• Cons of GDM – Client is at a remote

location

– Connectivity demands – Communication is slower

– Loss of direct supervisionfor client

What is Global

Delivery Model?Infosys Global Delivery Model (GDM) is based on the basic

principle of doing work where it makes most economic sense

with the least amount of acceptable risk. It is thus the key driver

of engagement success and value realization for our clients.

The GDM framework offers a well-oiled mechanism where the

project teams are located physically at different locations, but

are perfectly co-coordinated with seamless communication and

clearly defined process guidelines.



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Myths about GDM

• GDM has several inherent mechanisms to keep clients up to date on all project related activities at remote locations.• A detailed project plan is shared and discussed with the client and updated on an ongoing basis.• A weekly status report covering all aspects of the project is reviewed on a conference call.• This forum is also used to highlight all high priority open issues.• Depending on criticality, some projects have a steering committee, comprising senior management from the client

organization and Infosys, to jointly review the progress of the project.• All documents including the latest project plans and status reports are available on an easily accessible shared folder

I may Lose control over the project

• Not at all.

• A typical project team has resident project manager/coordinators at the customer site to handles allco-ordination and direct communication with the remote team

I will have to work with remote teams during non-working hours

• While the concept of the GDM framework may be similar across organizations, the supporting people, processes, and

infrastructure make the critical difference.• Global HR Policies with high standards of recruitment to ensure a group of highly motivated people withcomplementary skills to successfully execute the project

• A culture of teamwork, transparency, and customer orientation that truly transcends geographical boundaries• World class infrastructure• Mature Quality processes in a distributed environment and highly quality focused workforce• Presence at multiple locations to minimize risk and provide the necessary flexibility to ramp-up• Substantial experience and expertise in GDM

Any company working from offshore can deliver through GDM



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Impact of New Technologies



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“New Technology”



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Consumer behaviour



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Business Imperative



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Gartner Hype Cycle



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Thank You !



Infosys Structure

B a n k i n g a n d C a p i t a

l

M a r k e t s ( B C M )

I n s u r a n c e H e a l t h c a

r e &

L i f e s c i e n c e s ( I H L )

R e t a i l , D i s t r i b u t i o n

a n d

C P G

( R E T L )

M a n u f a c t u r i n g .

( M F

G )

( C M E ) C o m m u n i c a t i o n

S e r v i c e P r o v i d e r s ,

M e d i a & E n t e r t a i n m

e n t

E n e r g y ,

U t i l i t i e s &

S e r v i c e s ( E U S )

IntegratedBusiness Units

InfosysConsulting

InfosysBPO

EnterpriseCapability units

Enterprise Solutions (ES)

Independent Validation Services (IVS)

Infrastructure Management Service (IMS)

System Integration Services (SI)

Strategic Global Sourcing (SGS)

Corporate

EnablersTech

ServicesQualityIS

InfosysLeadership

Institute

HR

Infosys subsidiaries

InfosysChina

InfosysAustralia

SA&AE&R

Domain Competency Group (Consulting Services)

Product Engineering, Product Lifecycle Engineering

Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs)

NSSE 2011 Nirmalya Applications of SE

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