NSERC/COSIA/Alberta Innovates Senior Industrial Research Chair in Oil Sands Process Water Treatment: Treatment and Toxicity Perspectives Mohamed Gamal El-Din, Ph.D., P.Eng. Professor NSERC Senior Industrial Research Chair in Oil Sands Tailings Water Treatment Theme Co-Lead, Resilient Reclaimed Land and Water Systems, Future Energy Systems (FES) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta, Canada May 23, 2019 1
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NSERC/COSIA/Alberta Innovates Senior Industrial Research ......Research Chair in Oil Sands Process Water Treatment: Treatment and Toxicity Perspectives Mohamed Gamal El-Din, Ph.D.,
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NSERC/COSIA/Alberta Innovates Senior Industrial
Research Chair in Oil Sands Process Water Treatment:
Treatment and Toxicity Perspectives
Mohamed Gamal El-Din, Ph.D., P.Eng.Professor
NSERC Senior Industrial Research Chair in Oil Sands Tailings Water Treatment
Theme Co-Lead, Resilient Reclaimed Land and Water Systems, Future Energy Systems (FES)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Alberta, Canada
May 23, 20191
Presentation Outline
2
▪ Overview of NSERC IRC Program
▪ Characterization of Process Water
▪ Selected Treatment Approaches for
Process Water
3
Overview of NSERC
IRC Program
NSERC IRC Program in Oil Sands Tailings Water Treatment
▪ Established in July 2011
▪ First Term: July 2011 to June 2016
▪ Second Term: July 2017 to June 2022
Vision of the NSERC IRC Program
▪ Develop and assess different water treatment strategies and their
applicability to oil sands operations for the safe return of OSPW into the
environment
▪ Contribute broadly to the research base, fundamental engineering and
scientific knowledge, and foundational data that will lead to the
environmentally and economically sustainable development of oil sands
operations
4
safe return of OSPW into the
environment
Long Term
Objectives
NSERC IRC
2nd TermNSERC IRC
1st Term
▪ Understanding of process
fundamentals of active
treatment approaches
▪ Assessment of new
treatment methods
▪ Optimization of selected
treatment processes
▪ Scientific evidence for
developing new regulations
▪ Integration of gained knowledge
into actual water
treatment/reclamation options
by the oil sands industry
▪ Protection of the environment and human health while
the oil sands industry continues to grow
▪ Application of semi-passive
(engineered passive)
treatment/reclamation
approaches
▪ Pilot studies (lab and field)
▪ Scale-up of selected active
and engineered passive
processes
Final Goal
Research Road Map of OSPW Treatment
5
Future Energy Systems (FES) -
Resilient Reclaimed Land and
Water Systems Theme (Canada
First Research Excellence Fund)
▪ Engineered systems often having
relatively high capital costs
▪ Require routine (daily/weekly)
maintenance
▪ Constant, relatively high energy
input
▪ Sophisticated process control
▪ Designed to treat the target
compounds quickly with relatively
low residence times (min/hr)
▪ Combination of natural and
engineered systems
▪ Relatively low capital costs
▪ Require either no maintenance or
minor intermittent maintenance
▪ Little or no anthropogenic energy
input
▪ Designed to treat the target
compounds with relatively high
residence times
▪ Sedimentation
▪ Filtration
▪ Constructed Wetlands
▪ Algae Ponds
Treatment Approaches
▪ Ozonation
▪ Advanced Oxidation
▪ Membrane Filtration
▪ Ion Exchange
▪ Fluidized Bed
Reactors
Hybrid
Processes
6
Potential Reclamation Systems for OSPW
Active approaches Engineered passive approaches
Potential reclamation systems for OSPW
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Coag/flocc using metallic coagulants & polymers
Coag/flocc using crumb rubber or natural coagulants
• Health Status• Gene Expression• Protein Levels• Cellular Activity
Cell LineMammalian Immune Cell-
line (RAW 264.7)Treatments
OSPW Waters
AssaysBioindicators
Fu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 51(15), 8624-8634 (2017).
Mammalian Toxicity of RAW and Ozonated OSPW
20
▪ Raw OSPW was acutely
toxic in a dose-dependent
manner, whereas
reconstituted OSPW
Organic Fraction was not
toxic
▪ Ozonation of raw OSPW did
not ameliorate acute toxicity
▪ Raw OSPW at doses of 10
mg/L NA significantly up-
regulated genes belonging
to the DNA damage and
oxidative stress pathways
Fu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 51(15), 8624-8634 (2017).
Developmental Effects of OSPW Exposure on Zebrafish
21
▪ Survival of zebrafish embryos was not
impacted by raw or ozonated OSPW
exposure
▪ Heart development and function genes
were downregulated by OSPW exposure
▪ Cardiac function was largely unaffected by
exposure
▪ Exposure did not induce craniofacial
abnormalities or apoptosis Heart
rate
(bpm
)
0
50
100
150
200
EmbryoMedia
(Control)
OSPW Ozonated
OSPW
*
OSPW exposure increased heart rate in 2 dpf
embryos, however, heart rate remains in a
‘normal’ range for this life
Exposure to raw and ozonated OSPW
exposure had no impact on jaw morphology
dpf: Days post fertilization
Lyons et al., Environ. Pollut., 241, 959-968 (2018).
22
Application of Electro-
Oxidation for the Degradation
of Organics in OSPW
23
▪ Considering the nature of OSPW (high TDS and electrical conductivity),electro-oxidation (EO) can be effective and cost-efficient option forOSPW treatment
▪ If can be applied at low current densities, EO can achieve high currentefficiencies and, therefore, energy cost can be reduced significantly
▪ EO by active anode and at low current densities should preferentiallydegrade the more recalcitrant NAs without wasting energy in achievingcomplete mineralization
▪ Low current electro-oxidation = Effective + Low (energy) cost +Relatively low-cost anode material
▪ At low current densities the problems of the anodes severe corrosioncan be avoided
Rationale
Project Significance and Potential Applications
24
Solar-powered
Electro-
oxidation
Solar UV/Chlorine
Solar photo-catalysis
OSPW highly suitable for electro-oxidation (EO) process
▪ Excellent conductivity without adding supporting electrolyte
▪ Electrogeneration of strong oxidants - •OH, S2O82‒, SO4