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A Publication

ENRICHMENT

FUEL FOR THOUGHT

NEWS

NUCLEUS 1 Preparing for Section 316(b)

NUCLEUS 2 A Look at SMR Power Around the World

NUCLEUS 3 Addressing the Age Gap in Nuclear PowerGeneration

NUCLEAR EVENTS

PERSPECTIVE

J A N U A R Y / F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 4

V o

l u m e

7 N

o .

1

Planning

Ahead forUnit 3 cooling tower at Plant Vogtle. Courtesy: Georgia Power

Section 316(b)

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A Publication

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NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2 014

ENRICHM

BY SHARRYN DOTSON, EDITOR

New Year, Same Talks our media partner GenerationHub thatDOE was treating the funding as projectfinancing instead of corporate financ-ing. Fanning said that the differences arethat project financing tends to be basedon the projected cash flows of the project,compared to corporate financing, whichis based on the actual costs of equipment,construction, etc. Fanning also said in thearticle that the terms and conditions ofthe loan guarantee were changed fol-lowing the events surrounding solar

panel maker Solyndra. Solyndra re-ceived a $535 million DOE loan guar-antee in 2009 and f iled for bankruptcyin 2011.

Those terms and conditions justarent suitable for our application, sowell just have to see, Fanning wasquoted as saying in GenerationHub.

DOEs loan guarantee offer would have

the feds assume Southern Co.s debt up to$8.3 billion if the utility defaults on theloan. Georgia Power and parent companySouthern Co. have both said they do notneed the DOEs funds to complete thetwo Westinghouse AP1000 reactors by

The U.S. Department of Energy made headlines when it announcedin December 2013 a second round of funding awarded to NuScalePower LLC for the development of the companys small modular re-actor technology. The DOE last year also announced financial awardsfor the research and development of fossil fuels, clean energy, smartgrid and other energy sources. With all this money flying around, whathas come of the loan guarantee for the two new nuclear builds at PlantVogtle in Georgia?

Well, the DOE extended talks for the fifth time with Georgia Pow-

er, a subsidiary of Southern Co. and majority owner of Plant Vogtle.The latest deadline is now January 31, 2014, almost four years afterthe guarantees were first announced in June 2010. The loan guaranteeis for up to $8.3 billion, which breaks down to $3.46 billion for Geor-gia Power, $3.05 billion for Oglethorpe Power and up to $1.8 billionfor Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia (MEAG), according to aDecember article in The Augusta Chronicle. The remaining stake-holder in the plant, Dalton Utilities, is not part of the loan guaranteetalks. The twin reactors are expected to cost $14 billion total.

We are encouraged by recent progress in our loan guaranteenegotiations as we work with the Department of Energy to ad-dress a few remaining points, including the need for intergovern-mental agency review and approval, said Southern Co. spokes-person Tim Leljedal in an email.

Southern Co. CEO Tom Fanning said in a June 2013 article with

2017 and 2018. However, some criticDOEs reinforcement may not be enoto protect consumers from having tofor the project whether it is built or no

According to a Freedom of Infotion Act inquiry submitted by Frienthe Earth, a credit subsidy fee of betw0.8 percent and 1.5 percent is suppto insulate against default of the loanthe fee doesnt even cover risks in mnuclear construction, the report said. F

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CONTINUED ENRICHMENT 4NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

says that even if Southern Co. finally getsthe $8.3 billion loan, the incentives thatconsumers would have to pay could bemore costly than those set up for the loan

guarantee given to Solyndra. Customerswould still be on the hook for the costof the reactors even if the project werecancelled, a scenario faced by customersin Florida where plans to build a nuclearproject in Levy County were cabcelledand plans to close the damaged CrystalRiver nuclear plant were disclosed last

year. Electricity consumers in the Sun-shine State will be paying $5.62 in nu-clear charges each month for 1,000 kWhstarting in January, which breaks down

to $2.17 in fees for the damaged CrystalRiver reactor over the next seven years,and $3.45 in fees for the Levy Countyproject over the next two or three years,according to the Florida Public ServiceCommission. Fanning said in the articlethat Southern Co. customers could ex-pect a cost increase of only 6 percent to8 percent, down from the 12 percent fig-

ure that was initially reported.Fanning said building these units on

time and on budget is essential to main-taining confidence in the nuclear indus-try. How can the public feel confidentthat more new nuclear reactors will bebuilt to help maintain reliability of thepower grid when it seems difficult to getgovernment financing? Solyndras bank-

ruptcy filing already makes some leery ofDOEs judgement of worthy projects,so this four-year timeline surely isnt sit-ting well. Hopefully, Jan. 31 will be thelast time loan guarantee talks are classi-fied as ongoing.

Covering every aspect of the power generation industry, POWER-GEN International, NUCLEAR POWER InternationWorld Conference & Expo North America and POWER-GEN International Financial Forum converge in 2014 to formWeek. Benet from ve days packed with pre-conference workshops, technical tours, over 70 conference sessions, panthree exhibition days and multiple networking events. Gain access to nearly every facet of the market all under one roof

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across the U.S.Both the NRC and INPO have sta

looking at the cumulative impact of regula

and possible ways to address it. The NuEnergy Institute (NEI) is working withNRC on ways to assess the effects of reguland potential tools for managing the totof regulatory actions. Initial NEI presentaon the subject include 22-page and 30-pslideshows replete with flow charts, spreadshand tables, plus multiple appendices additional information. NEI has proposed p

projects on cumulative impact at plant next year, but the NRC commissioners wohave to be involved in any pilots and the Nis moving at a slower pace.

The NRC is working on an initial pon regulatory efficiency due next July, anis working on another paper on cumulimpact that will not be complete until 20

While you would expect and want poten

changes impacting nuclear power regulatiobe detailed, comprehensive and not rushefear that the industry and the regulator are ovengineering and broadening potential soluto the problem of low-value regulatory burd

The Washington D.C.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) recentlyreleased a paper on the economic and national security imperatives that should compel lawmakersto enable the U.S. nuclear industry to be more competitive in the global nuclear energy arenaand thereby maintain a crucial leadership role. In Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy, the CSIS explains how state and federal mandates for renewable energy have created marketdistortions in the electricity sector. Combined with sustained low natural gas prices, directand indirect renewable subsidies have made nuclear power uneconomic. In addition to current

economic disadvantages, the other major challenges to U.S. nuclear leadership are export marketimpediments and domestic challenges. Domestic challenges include excessive capital costs fornew construction, waste management uncertainties, gaps in public acceptance, and regulation.

Regulation - in particular, self-regulation - is the one area in which the industry has theability to make improvements directly. Although the authors only briefly discuss the impactof compounding regulation (NRC) and self-regulation (INPO), they express concerns aboutadded regulatory requirements that lack commensurate safety benefits that, in turn, contributeto financial pressures and potential additional plant shut-downs. This concern is not academic,in that regulatory issues have been cited in recent plant closure announcements, such as the

SONGS shutdown in California.There is widespread recognition that the nuclear power industry has benefitted fromthe diligence and high standards of the NRC and INPO, which have helped raise overallplant performance to high levels. Nonetheless, there is also now an acknowledgement thatcumulative regulation has become notably burdensome to the management of nuclear facilities

U.S. Nuclear Power Survival Part 2BY MARY JO ROGERS, PH.D., PARTNER, STRATEGIC TALENT SOLUTIONS

NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

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constrained by its own mental modelsand by how it has historically addressed

any problem. INPOs mission is topromote the highest levels of safety andreliabilityto promote excellenceinthe operation of commercial nuclearpower plants. In speaking to the BPOil Spill Commission in 2010, JimEllis, then CEO of INPO, stated thatINPO has strongly and successfullyresisted any efforts over the years to

alter its mission.Recall that the industrys most

significant gains in safety and reliabilityperformance began in the late 1990s,when a number of utilities startedparticipating in de-regulated electricitymarkets that put great pressure onplants to perform. I suggest that trueinnovation in the efficient management

of nuclear energy in the future wi ll needto come from outside the institutionsthat are currently so tightly interwovento protect the industry from lapses insafety.

INPO has had teams working oncumulative impact and recently shared

with its members the first reporton short-term actions. The INPOreport, which focused on four initialareas, is 92 pages long. It providesexcellent problem definitions, lists ofinsights on how the problem evolved,desired end state descriptions as well asactions. It is exhaustive. The section onInitial Improvement in Management

and Leadership alone includes over35 behaviors and responsibilitiesfor supervisors and managers. It isnot surprising that there have beengrumbles in the industry that theactivities to address cumulative impactare creating additional burden.

I dont mean to be critical of theefforts of people who have worked

hard to understand cumulative impactand identify ways to reduce regulatoryburden. My main concern is that INPOsability to lead the industry in reducingregulatory burden may be significantly

FORWARD THINKINGFOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

{ SAVE THE DATE }DECEMBER 9-11, 2014 | ORANGE COUNTY CONVENTION CENTER | ORLANDO, FLORIDA

WWW.NUCLEARPOWERINTERNATIONAL.COM

Global demand for energy continues to grow. So do concerns related to reliability, greenhouse gas emissionsand the environment. Emission-free, baseload nuclear power can be a viable option to address theseconcerns and meet growing demand for energy. Nuclear energy remains a viable, clean and safe option formeeting demand around the world.

Now in its eighth year, NUCLEAR POWER International 2014 provides the nuclear power industry theperfect venue to gather and exchange information about nuclear powers role in todays changing world.

Visit www.nuclearpowerinternational.com for a preview of the 2014 event.

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Toshiba close to owning Britishnuclear power joint ventureJan. 10

Toshiba Corp. is working to increaseits stake in British nuclear power compa-ny NuGen by buying a 10 percent sharefrom GDF Suez.

GDF Suez currently owns 50 percentof NuGen, and is selling the 10 percentstake for about 3 billion yen ($29 million),according to Reuters. Iberdrola SA agreedin December to sell its 50 percent stake in

NuGen to Toshiba for 85 million pounds($140.12 million). Iberdrola has been sell-ing assets to reduce debt.

NuGen owns a site in Sellafield whereit plans to build 3.6 GW of nuclear ca-pacity. Toshiba is looking to gain controlof NuGen so that its Westinghouse unitcan supply the joint venture with three of

Westinghouses AP1000 reactors for the

Sellafield project.

L-3 MAPPS to replace nuclearpower simulators control roomJan. 10

L-3 MAPPS was contracted to

temporarily shut down just weeks afterit restarted.

Workers with the Omaha Public

Power District were making routineinspections at Unit 1 when they no-ticed a block of ice had formed on theshaft and the top of one of six sluicegates that control the flow of water intothe plant on Jan. 8. The ice also bentthe sluice gate operating shaft, whichcaused the gate to not close and madeall four raw water pumps inoperable.

Workers shut the plant down as a pre-caution, and there was no danger to thepublic or to workers, OPPD said.

The ice has since been cleared andthe plant will be restarted once thegate can be lowered.

Fort Calhoun restarted in Decemberafter a two-year shutdown. The plantwas down for maintenance in April

2011, but the nearby Missouri River in-undated the plant and caused it to beshut down longer. A series of violationsand a fire kept the plant offline. TheNRC had to approve the restart of theplant.

replace the input/output (I/O) systemon the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Sta-tions simulators main control room

panels and related remote shutdownpanels.

L-3 MAPPS will replace more than13,000 I/O channels with low powerconsumption compact controllers andI/O modules from Beckhoff Automa-tion that are managed by L-3s OrchidInput Output software. L-3 MAPPSwill also replace select simulator con-

trol room panel instruments, includingthe synchroscope, rod position indica-tors and the sound generator, with cus-tom-designed equivalents.

The company has supplied plantowner Guangdong Nuclear Power JointVenture Co. Ltd. since 1999. The plantuses two AREVA pressurized water re-actors that generate 984 MWe each.

Ft. Calhoun nuclear power plantshut down due to iceJan. 10

A buildup of ice caused the FortCalhoun nuclear power plant to

NRC to lower Pilgrimplant performance toJan. 9

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Cmission (NRC) said it would downgthe performance of the 685 MW Pilnuclear power plant in Massachusettsmonths after the NRC increased instions at Pilgrim. Entergy (NYSE: operates the plant.

The Pilgrim plant will be placedseven other nuclear plants in the deg

ed cornerstone column. The degrplants require special NRC inspecand increased oversight, said Neil Shan, spokesperson for the NRC.

Pilgrim was already under addiNRC oversight due to the plant amatically shutting down October 2for a week due to the loss of a 345power line that provided offsite po

to the plant. It was the second timeplant shut down last year. That dent led to the plant having a wperformance indicator last year.

NRCs Sheehan said in an emaithe plants Performance Indicato

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remains in back up mode due topatching restrictions, the article

It is expected to stay that way uFebruary.

TEPCO names SudoJan. 8

The Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TCO) announced that Chairman zuhiko Shimokobe resigned effeMarch 31.

TEPCOs board appointed FSudo as the new chairman effeApril 1. Sudo previously was TEPdirector and advisor to JFE Holding

TEPCO in December subma rehabilitation plan expected to the company a profit of about 100lion yen ($953.5 million) in fiscal2014. The plan, however, is contin

upon TEPCO restarting operationthe Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear pplant in July 2014, which would cut fuel costs, according to an afrom Jiji Press.

construction and concessions companyEiffage and Belgian diesel engine mak-

er Anglo Belgium Corp.; and Westing-house, which is partnered with U.S.diesel engine maker Fairbanks, the ar-ticle said.

Frances nuclear regulator ASN re-quired EDF to install 58 diesel enginesby the end of 2018 to supply backuppower to EDFs nuclear fleet in re-sponse to the accident at Fukushima in

Japan.

Nuclear power unitin Ukraine returns to serviceJan. 9

Unit 4 of the 2,835 MW Rivne Nu-clear Power Plant in Ukraine is back on-line six days after defects were found.

According to ForUm, The plant first

shut down on Jan. 3 when defects ofseparator-superheater fittings were de-tected, the article said. The unit wasrestarted on Jan. 9.

Unit 1 at the Rivne nuclear plant

to Power Engineering. It is importantto note, that two of the four shutdowns

were the result of electric transmissionline problems external to Pilgrim. Weare working closely with the ownersof the transmission system to identifyways to improve electrical grid reliabil-ity. The shutdowns had no impact onthe health and safety of the public orour employees.

Alstom sues EDF overnuclar backup power tenderJan. 9

Alstom is suing EDF over allegationsthat Alstom was excluded from a ten-der to provide backup diesel engines inEDFs nuclear power plants.

According to Reuters, Alstom andits German partner MAN SE filed the

legal challenge at the end of Decemberover the 1 billion euros ($1.4 billion)tender for the diesel engines. EDF isreportedly in talks with two groups:Clemessy, a consortium of French

Unplanned Shutdowns per 7,000 Hours

is expected to change from green towhite once it is updated, which willmove the plant down to degraded.

Operating Pilgrim at the highestlevels of safety and reliability is ourtop priority. We have conducted rig-orous reviews of the plant shutdownsto identify needed improvements. Ouraction plan is broad-based and address-

es plant equipment, processes and or-ganizational structure. Changes havebeen made in some key site leadershippositions to accelerate our improve-ment, Entergy released in a statement

NRC TO LOWER PILGRIM NUCLEAR PLANTPERFORMANCE TO DEGRADED

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the Environment Agency, and NaResources Wales.

In an interview with North WChronicle, Ian Parker, the EnvironmAgencys nuclear regulation group ager, said that the GDA allows timidentify and resolve issues before

specific proposals are brought forwThe assessments include safetcurity, environmental and waste plications of new reactor designs,formed by regulators.

as the cause analysis does not need to becompleted f irst.

About four hours later, Unit 3 atthe Indian Point nuclear power plant inNew York automatically tripped due to33 Steam Generator Steam flow/Feedflow Mismatch, the NRC said. Plantoperator Entergy (NYSE: ETR) said ina release that a controller device failedto regulate the flow of water into one ofthe plants four steam generators, which

led to lowered water levels. Backup sys-tems at the plant deployed as designedand the unit was safely shut down. Theunit was returned to service on Jan. 8.Unit 2 continued to run at full power.

Wylfa nuclear reactor proposalassessment underwayJan. 7

The U.K. Advanced Boiling WaterReactor proposal for the Wylfa nuclearreactor is under Generic Design Assess-ment (GDA). The assessment is beingconducted by the Office for Nuclear,

FE) said a main transformer differentialtrip caused the reactor to shut down. The

transformer converts power generatedfrom the plant to the appropriate voltagefor distribution throughout the transmis-sion system, according to Jennifer Young,spokesperson with FirstEnergy. It is locat-ed on the generation side of the plant.

The cause of the trip is under investiga-tion. Backup systems worked as designedand the plant is stable. Unit 2 was unaf-

fected by the trip and continues to run atfull power.

There are a large number of condi-tions that can cause tranformer issuessuch as that experienced at Beaver Val-ley Unit 1, said FirstEnergy spokes-person Jennifer Young. The team willconsider a variety of factors during itsintrusive diagnosis, including any po-

tential impact of cold weather on theequipment. While the investigation isongoing, we expect the causal analysis totake at least a week. Meanwhile, we willproceed with the repair or replacement,

Day & Zimmermann tomaintain Texas nuclear power plantJan. 8

Day & Zimmermann was awarded afive-year maintenance and modificationscontract with STP Nuclear Operating Co.in Texas.

STP is operator of the South TexasProject, a 2,700 MW nuclear power plantin Texas. The plant is owned by AustinEnergy, CPS Energy and NRG Energy

(NYSE: NRG).

Two nuclear power plantsautomatically shut downJan. 8

Two nuclear power plants automati-cally tripped within hours of each oth-er Jan. 6.

Unit 1 at the Beaver Valley nuclear

power plant in Pennsylvania automatical-ly tripped around 5 p.m. EST, accordingto an event report with the U.S. NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC).

Workers with FirstEnergy (NYSE:

WYLFA NUCLEAR REACTOR PROPOSAL ASSESSMENT UNDERWAY

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of our company, and we are excitewelcome Stoller to our team.

Nuclear power plant UK suddenly shuts dJan. 6

EDF Energy was forced to shut dthe Heysham 1 nuclear power planthe United Kingdom on Jan. 4.

According to the BBC, a faultyer pump led to the shut down. Officsaid in the article that it was a m

incident, and that standard shutdprocedure was followed.

There is no word on when the will be back online, but off icials sathe article they hope to have it runnby next week.

Turkeys nuclear powexpects approval by Jan. 3

Turkeys Minister of Energy Yildiz announced that the countrysond nuclear power plant project, w$22 billion, is expected to receive appal by the parliament by June.

nuclear and technical consulting andengineering services to the depart-ments of Energy and Defense. The val-

ue of the deal was not disclosed.Stoller will be a wholly owned sub-

sidiary of HII and will operate underits Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS)division. NNS designs and builds nu-clear-powered aircraft carriers andsubmarines, and the company recentlyexpanded its nuclear and manufactur-ing business into the DOE and alterna-

tive energy industry.With this strategic acquisition, New-

port News Shipbuilding is positionedfor expanded growth within the DOE,environmental management and com-mercial nuclear services markets, saidHII Corporate Vice President and NNSPresident Matt Mulherin. Stollers ex-ceptional commitment to performance

and safety are well recognized by theenvironmental management and reme-diation industry and are attributes thatdirectly support our plan for continuedgrowth within these markets. This isan important investment in the future

UK regulators beginsecond phase of nuclearreactor design evaluationJan. 6

The United Kingdoms Office for Nu-clear Regulation (ONR) and the Environ-ment Agency said they are moving on tothe next phase of their assessment of anew nuclear reactor design.

The two agencies will begin the secondphase of the Generic Design Assessment(GDA) for the Hitachi-GE UK advanced

boiling water reactor (UK ABWR) that isscheduled for use in the Wylfa and Old-bury nuclear power plants. The reportwill allow regulators to assess the safety,security, environmental and waste impli-cations of new reactor designs before site-specific plans are brought forward.

Nuclear & environmental

engineering firm bought byHuntington Ingalls.Jan. 6

Huntington Ingalls Industries(NYSE: HII) acquired The S.M. StollerCorp., a provider of environmental,

MHI to establish nuclear powerplant business unit in TurkeyJan. 7

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)will establish a new business unit effec-tive Feb. 1 to develop a nuclear powerplant in Turkey.

The new unit, called the Turkey Nu-clear IPP Development Department, wasbuilt to accelerate formation of projectconditions for the Sinop nuclear powerproject in Turkey, including implement-

ing a feasibility study, negotiating variouscontract agreements, and preparing a fi-nancial scheme. The unit will be underthe guidance of the Energy & Environ-ment domain headed by Senior Execu-tive Vice President Atsushi Maekawa.

The power project will use four, 1,100MWe ATMEA-1 nuclear power plantsin the Sinop area of the Black Sea coast.

ATMEA is a consortium of Japan-basedMHI and France-based AREVA. In Oc-tober, the consortium reached a broadframework of agreement with the gov-ernment of the Republic of Turkey thatended negotiations over the power plant.

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at Plant Vogtle in Georgia has beentended until Jan. 31.

Georgia Power, majority own

Plant Vogtle and a subsidiary of Soern Co. (NYSE: SO), said talks the U.S. Department of Energy wprolonged again. The last deadlineDec. 31. The DOE first offered the guarantees in 2010 for up to $8.3 bito be split between three of the ownGeorgia Power, Oglethorpe PowerMunicipal Electric Authority of Geo

The discussions remain confidentia

of Japans Diet raised questions thatthe accident could have resulted fromthe loss of coolant caused by the earth-

quake, which would have contradictedprevious reports that the reactor with-stood the earthquake intact, accordingto NucNet.com.

Units 1, 2 and 3 all suffered reac-tor core, fuel and containment dam-age. Units 4, 5 and 6 were offline atthe time of the accident, but Unit 4sreactor building was damaged by a hy-

drogen explosion.The report was less conclusive on

why water injected into Units 1, 2 and3 did not cool the reactor cores andprevent meltdown, the article said. Itis possible that water seeped into othersystems and did not reach the core. Aninvestigation into the amount of waterused is ongoing, the article said.

Plant Vogtle loan guaranteedeadline extended until Jan. 31Jan. 2

The deadline for talks to finalize a loanguarantee for two new nuclear builds

plant in China was connected to the pow-er grid Dec. 31.

According to Business Standard, the

unit is expected to begin commercial op-erations in the next few months and costabout 73.2 billion yuan ($12.1 billion).Plans for the plant include six units thatwill enter commercial operations by Janu-ary 2019, the article said.

TEPCO: Fukushima nuclearreactor failure caused by tsunami,

not earthquakeJan. 3Tokyo Electric Power Co. says in a

new report that the damage at Unit1 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclearpower plant in Japan was caused by theimpact of the tsunami and not coolantloss caused by the earthquake.

The report says Unit 1 survived theearthquake intact, and that the tsuna-mi knocked out the backup diesel gen-erators, which led to the failure of thecooling systems that caused the acci-dent. The Fukushima Nuclear AccidentIndependent Investigation Commission

The project, which is located in Tur-keys Black Sea province of Sinop, willbe built by Mitsubishi Heavy Indus-

tries and AREVA, according to an ar-ticle from Balkans.

In 2013, Japan and Turkey enteredinto an agreement for the constructionof the power plant.

Yildiz said in an interview that thecountry is conducting research onthermal power plants on Elbistan coalfields, which is currently responsible

for 40 percent of the countrys lignitereserves. He added that generation fa-cilities that can produce up to 7,000MW are in the planning process andexpects the investment to cost $10 bil-lion.

Most recently, the two countries en-tered an agreement to establish a Turk-ish-Japanese Technical University inTurkey, the article said.

New nuclear reactor inChina connects to the gridJan. 3

Unit 1 of the Yangjiang nuclear powerPLANT VOGTLE LOAN GUARANTEE DEADLITENDED UNTIL JAN. 31

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Farley nuclear plantreceives World-ClasPerformance AwardDec. 30

Southern Nuclears Joseph M. FNuclear Plant has been selected to recthe 2013 Information Systems on Opational Exposure (ISOE) World-CALARA (As Low As Reasonably Aable) Performance Award, the comphas announced.

Southern Nuclear President and C

Steve Kuczynski stated in a releasaccomplishment is a direct result oengagement by the radiation workersporting the plant during refueling outand during power generation.

The ISOE system was created in to provide radiation protection profesals a way to share methods to optiradiological protection services at nupower plants. ISOE is jointly sponby the Nuclear Energy Agency anInternational Atomic Energy Agency

Southern Nuclear is a subsidiaSouthern Co.

may end up paying 17 billion pounds($27.8 billion) in subsidies to EDF,which was picked to build the plant.

S. Korea OKs restartof three nuclear power reactorsJan. 2

South Koreas Nuclear Safety & Se-curity Commission approved the re-start of three nuclear power reactorsin the country on Jan. 2, according toReuters.

The Shin Kori 1 and 2 and the Wol-song 1 reactors had been shut downsince May to replace cables that weresupplied with forged documents. Thefake document scandal led to the ar-rest of more than 100 people, includingsome government officials. The cablespassed tests for use in the plants backin November.

South Korea has 23 nuclear reactorsthat generate about a third of the coun-trys power. The restart of the three re-actors leaves three other reactors thatare still offline.

in Pakistan, including energy, roads andtechnology.

CEZ may sign nuclearpower plant deal by 2015Jan. 2

Czech Republic-based CEZ said itcould sign a contract with a companyto expand the Temelin nuclear powerplant by mid-2015, according to Re-uters.

CEZ said in the ar ticle it was waiting

for the government to finalize a nation-al energy strategy and negotiate a guar-anteed price for the power producedat the plant. U.S.-based Westinghouseand Russias Atomstroyexport are inthe running to build two new reactors.The two units are expected to go livein 2025.

CEZ said in Reuters it is watching aEuropean Union investigation into theBritish governments subsidies of theHinkley Point C nuclear power project.The plant is expected to cost 16 billionpounds ($26.2 billion), but consumers

We are encouraged by recent prog-ress in our loan guarantee negotiationsas we work with the Department of En-

ergy to address a few remaining points,including the need for intergovernmen-tal agency review and approval, saidSouthern Co. spokesperson Tim Le-ljedal.

China to put $6.5bn intoPakistan nuclear power projectsJan. 2

China will lend $6.5 billion to Paki-stan to help build nuclear power plantsin the country.

According to Economic Times, theloans will be provided by the Exim Bankand will be repaid at a concessional rateover 20 years. Pakistan began work onthe Karachi 2 nuclear power plant inOctober that is part of the $4 billion,2,000 MW Karachi Coastal powerproject. The plant is expected to becompleted by 2020.

Chinese companies are expected toinvest $18 billion in 100 major projects

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Preparing for Section 316(b)

and is not a workable solution for mpower plants.

The problem is that while it wEPRI has done research to docuthat it would be expensive and hidisruptive of our electric power syand the ecological benefits wouldebatable, he said.

T hough the Clean Water Act Section 316(b) rule was not finalized on Jan.14 as scheduled, there are still steps that plant owners and manufacturerscan take to prepare for the rules upcoming passage.Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires that the location, design, con-

struction and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best availabletechnology (BAT) for minimizing adverse environmental impact, according to theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s website. Due to the governmentshutdown in October, the EPA missed a November 4 deadline, so it was extended

to January. EPA said it would release the final rule as soon as possible.The rule focuses on two parts: impingement and entrainment. Plant ownershave eight years from when the rule is finalized to be in compliance with the im-pingement requirement. How long it will take to comply with the entrainmentrequirement will be determined by how long the project takes to complete.

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is currently evaluating and de-veloping technologies that will help lower the amount of fish and their larvae oreggs being impinged by or entrained in the cooling water intake systems. DouglasDixon, technical executive and program manager of EPRIs fish protection pro-gram, says the organizations research into the rule focuses on four areas: technol-ogy, biological sampling methods, cost-benefit analyses and thermal discharge.

One of the key things we have found through our research is that the ways toreduce the impact on marine life are site-specific, Dixon said. What you can doat one plant would not be applicable at another.

Some of those site-specific factors include plant location, species of fish involved,

how the plant operates, the debris thatit has to filter, the hydraulics of the loca-tion and the temperature of the water.

Dixon said research has shown thatclosed-loop cooling is as close to a broadtechnological fix of reducing fish andshellfish impacts as any available tech-nology, but it has its own shortcomings

BY SHARRYN DOTSON, EDITOR

SIDE-BY-SIDE TESTING OF DIFFERENT SCREENS WAS PERFORMED AT ALDEN RESEARCHWORCESTER, MASS. ALL PHOTOS COURTESY OF EPRI

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EPRIs national closed-cycle coolinganalysis four years ago estimated $100billion to retrofit 450 power plants.Those retrofit costs are now estimated tobe at least $50 million per plant, or $22.5billion total. The system itself could cost$2 billion or more per plant, particularlyfor nuclear facilities, Dixon said.

Other technologies include a veloc-ity cap that can only be used by plants

located near deep water, like plantsalong the Great Lakes, the Pacific coast,the New England coast and in south-ern Florida. By moving it offshore, youalso have a reduction in the loss of en-trainable life like eggs and larvae, Dix-on said. It has a high performance, butits limited to certa in plants.

EPRI is also researching variable

speed water pumps, fine mesh travel-ing screens and fish return systems thatwork similarly to a water slide at anamusement park.

Many companies are working withEPRI to prepare now, Dixon said.There is going to be a high demand fortechnological support, but the neededexpertise may not be available, Dixonsaid. Theyre starting to get their con-tracts together, requests for proposals,educating their own staff about how tocomply with the rule.

Some states are being proactive inestablishing permitting requirements,

including what they con-sider to be the best avail-

able technology. The stateof California, for example,is requiring Pacific Gas &Electric to look into con-verting its intake systemto closed-loop cooling atthe Diablo Canyon nucle-ar power plant, accordingto Jason Eichenberger, a

senior civil engineer withBurns & McDonnell. Someutilities are leaning towardusing a fish handling sys-tem on the intake screen or travelingscreens.

We are working on one projectwhere they have permit requirementsto install wedge wire screens, Eichen-berger said. Were putting together acompliance plan for submittal to thestate agency and were currently pro-ceeding down the path to do the designbased on the proposed rule.

A wedge wire screen is a cylindrical

screen that is placed in the water in fof the intake structure, Eichenbesaid. Its a passive screen that enough surface area so youre in pliance with the impingement critCooling towers could bring a fainto compliance with the entrainmcriteria, but they are costly and canpact plant performance by raising pressures and creating other issues.

Consulting and EPC firms

BILFINGER TECHNOLOGIES CONTRIBUTED ITSFINE-MESH PILOT SCREEN FOR TESTING AT THE

ALDEN LAB. IT IS NOT AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY INTHE U.S.

A CLOSE-UP OF ANOTHER FINE MESH SCREEN TESTED BY EPR

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advising clients to begin lining up sup-pliers before there is a rush. Burns &McDonnell is preparing cost analysesso clients have an idea of how much afuture compliance project could cost.Clients have been calling and askinghow much is it going to cost to retro-fit their intake system, Eichenbergersaid. With impingement, compliancestrategies are relatively clear. With en-trainment, that is not the case. It maycome down to the state level and whatis required on a site-specific basis.

Jack Tramontano, environmentalgroup manager and program manager

for Section 316(b) with URS Corp.,said waiting for the rule to be finalizedhas put everyone in a holding pattern.

Its been kind of a frustrating pro-cess because of the numerous delays,he said. Also, the Notices of DataAvailability (NODA) published in June2012 indicates that EPA is consideringsome significant changes to the draft

rule. Its difficult for facilities to planahead with all of the uncertainty.He echoes that many plant owners

are concerned about the costs of retro-fitting or modifying their cooling waterintake systems.

Finding ways of complying with mi-nor upgrades to current intake technol-ogy is one way to avoid a lot of capitalcosts, Tramontano said. Otherwise,because there is so much uncertainty,most are in a wait-and-see attituderight now.

That uncertainty has added up to

many unanswered questions abouthow to comply with the rule, includ-

ing whether closed-cycle cooling willbe considered BAT or if additional fishprotection will be necessary.

Larger plants that have been de-signed with closed-cycle cooling maystill have to install modified Ristrophscreen with fish returns for impinge-ment compliance, according to draftregulations, Tramontano said. Those

who thought that with closed-cyclecooling that they were okay or thoughtthat they wouldnt have to apply newtechnologies may now have to applythem. However, EPA may be creatingalternatives for facilities with very lowimpingement levels or mortality rateswhich should be applicable to facilitieswith cooling towers. This approachwill require impingement sampling,but could allow the facility to avoid acostly intake system upgrade.

The finalized rule could include astreamlined or pre-approved approach

based on modified Ristroph-type eling screens for impingement, a

it for protective measures alreadplace, allowing local permitting cies to determine BAT through scvelocity compliance, modifyingcompliance schedule for impment and entrainment and modifmonitoring requirements, Tramonsaid. We have heard from secondsources that EPA has adopted man

these changes in the final rule.Tramontano said that he is advclients to collect and organize hisstudies and other information on plants cooling water intake sysMany of the people we work withe industry, who have the institutiknowledge of 316(b) at the facilitreaching retirement age or have alrretired. He suggests that compania gap analysis of the information ed to comply with the rule and kwhere that information is before institutional knowledge is lost.

EPRIs national closed-cycle

cooling analysis four yearsago estimated $100 billionto retrofit 450 power plants.Those costs are now estimatedto be at least $50 million perplant, or $22.5 billion total.

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A Global Look at SMR Power

The construction concept is as imtant as the rated output, Hess said. Sdesigns are supposed to challenge thtus quo.

Some countries have been opersmall reactors for more than 40 ySmall reactors are also being us

T he U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced in December that NuScalePower LLC is the second company to receive funding for the development ofits small modular reactor (SMR) technology. While small reactors have beenin use for decades, building reactors using a modular design is a relatively new concept.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies a small nuclear reactor asa unit that generates up to 300 MW of electricity, or about one-third the size of a large-scale nuclear reactor. A small modular reactor is one where the entire nuclear island isbuilt as one piece before it is installed inside the containment shield.

The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) said that SMRs could potentially change thepower generation landscape around the world as well as in the U.S.Once certified by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these innovative reac-

tors will have the equivalent of the Gold Seal of approval worldwide, said Paul Genoa,NEI senior director for policy development. By manufacturing clean energy technologythe world demands, we can transfer our safety and security culture along with our tech-nologiescreating high tech jobs right here at home.

SMRs could potentially be used in many applications, such as replacing small coal-fired power plants, in areas without access to transmission lines, or places where demandmay be increasing faster than large-scale power plants can be built, said David Hess,communication analyst with the World Nuclear Association (WNA). However, SMRsface high costs due to it being such a new technology.

The SMR represents a break from the bigger is better approach and therefore standsto be more expensive unless it can realize other forms of cost reduction, e.g. through

design or economies of mass production where factory assembly and shippingallows for a high quality production lineprocess, Hess said.

Hess said that regardless of the pricetag, the benefits of the technology wouldoutweigh any financial limitations.

BY SHARRYN DOTSON, EDITOR

AN ARTISTS RENDERING OF THE AKADEMIK LOMONOSOV, A FLOATING 70 MWNUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN RUSSIA. COURTESY: ROSATOM

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a PHWR that began operations in 1Twin reactor Unit 2 began service in 1Unit 1 was fully refurbished and upg

ed from 2009 to 2010 after 16 yeaoperation.

Both units at the Madras nuclear er plant in Kalpakkam are PHWRsgenerate 205 MW of electricity each. 1 began operations in 1984, and Ufollowed in 1986. Unit 1 was refurbiin 2002 to 2003, and Unit 2 was rebished from 2004 to 2005. Capacity

restored to 220 MWe and their lifeswere extended to 2033 for Unit 1 2036 for Unit 2.

Tarapur units 1 and 2 are GenElectric boiling water reactors (Bthat generate 150 MW of electricity eThey have been operational since 1They were built as 200 MWe reacbut were downrated due to recurproblems, the WNA said. The units wrefurbished in 2005 after Russia stosupplying enriched uranium. In M2006, Russia agreed to supply the uum again.

The Kaiga power plant uses four

innovative ways to site the reactors whilestill maintaining power to the grid.

RUSSIAOne country that is deploying its small

reactors in different ways to meet growingelectricity demand in hard-to-reach re-gions is Russia. The countrys state-ownedpower company, Rosatom, is building afloating 70 MWe nuclear power plant inthe hull of the Akademik Lomonosov, avessel located in Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka

Krai. The ship is 144 meters (472 feet)long and 30 meters (98 feet) wide andwill use two, Izhorskiye Zavody-produced35 MWe KLT-40S nuclear reactors. Thefirst 220 tonnes (485,016 pounds) steamgenerating unit, which includes one of the35 MWe reactors, was installed on Sep-tember 27 at the Baltiysky Zavod shipyardwhere the floating nuclear plant is underconstruction. Both reactors were installedin the ships hull on Oct. 2, according toRosatom.

The plant is scheduled for comple-tion in December 2016 and will be de-ployed near the port of Pevek on Russias

Chukotka peninsula on the East SiberianSea. The reactors have also been used onthe Taymyr and Vaygach nuclear icebreak-

ers, Rosatom said on its site.Rosatom also operates four, 11 MW

nuclear units at the Bilibino nuclear powerplant. The units are all light water graph-ite reactors (LWGR). One unit came on-line each year between 1974 and 1977,according to the U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA).

The country has a total installed nu-

clear capacity of 23.6 GW across 33 op-erational reactors at 10 locations. The lifeexpectancy of a reactor in Russia is ap-proximately 30 years, but the governmentset the period for life extension at 15 years.

INDIA

India has six nuclear power plants thatuse small nuclear reactors generating justunder a total of 2,000 MW of electricity.According to the Nuclear Power Corpo-ration of India Limited (NPCIL), thoseprojects include the Rajasthan, Narora,Kakrapar, Madras, Tarapur and Kaiga nu-clear power plants.

The Rajasthan nuclear plant utilizessix units that generate between 90 and202 MW of electricity each. All six units

are pressurized heavy-water reactors(PHWR). Units 1 and 2 are CANDU re-actors. Unit 1 is the oldest and the small-est, generating 90 MW of electricity since1973. However, due to performance is-sues, that unit has been shut down since2004 as the government considers whatto do with it, according to data from the

WNA. Rajasthan 2 has a capacity of 187

MW and has been operational since 1981.Units 3 through 6 each generate 202 MWof electricity each. Units 3 and 4 came on-line in 2000, and units 5 and 6 began op-erations in 2010. The units were designedand built by NPCIL based on a Canadiandesign.

The two units at the Narora nuclearpower plant are PHWRs that generate202 MW of electricity. Units 1 and 2 havebeen operational since 1991 and 1992, re-spectively. Unit 2 was refurbished withreplacement calandria tubes in a projectthat started in 2009 and lasted a year.

The 202 MW Kakrapar Unit 1 is also

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of China Huaneng Group, CNEC Cand Tsinghua Holdings Co. Ltd. consortium will be responsible foconstruction and operation of the donstration project, the CNEC site sa

According to the WNA, the HPM reactor was initially designed a 200 MWe reactor, but the plant sign has evolved so that they arebeing built as twin 105 MWe reacwith a single steam generator.

reactor, began commercial operationin 2011. CHASNUPP 1 and 2 are ex-pected to shut down in 2040 and 2051,

respectively, when they reach their lifeexpectancies.

The 125 MW Karachi 1 nuclearpower plant, or KANUPP 1, has beenin operation since 1972. The PakistanAtomic Energy Commission operatesthat reactor.

Pakistan has said that it plans to build8,000 MWe of nuclear in the country

by 2025. The Chinese government an-nounced on January 2, 2014, that itwould lend $6.5 billion to Pakistan tohelp build new nuclear power plants inthe country, though the governmentdid not specify the capacity range ofthe reactors. The loans would be pro-vided through Chinas Exim Bank andbe repaid at a concessional rate over 20years.

CHINA

While China is helping Pakistan meetits nuclear goals, the Chinese govern-ment has plans to install an additional

70 GW by 2020, accord-ing to the EIA.

The 298 MW Qinshan

Unit 1 is a pressurized wa-ter reactor (PWR) thathas been operational since1994. It is owned by theQinshan Nuclear PowerCo. and is located in main-land China. China is alsobuilding a 210 MW HighTemperature Gas-cooled

Reactor Pebble-bed Mod-ule (HTR-PM) reactor atShidaowan in Weihai city,Shandong province. Thereactor will drive a single 210 MWesteam turbine and is being built as partof the Rongcheng Nuclear Power In-dustrial Park project. Huaneng Poweris investing 5 billion yen ($826.2 mil-lion) into the project, and TsinghuaUniversity holds a 20 percent stake inthe project. Commercial operation isscheduled for 2017. The owner of theplant is CHNG Shandong ShidaowanNuclear Power Co. Ltd., a consortium

MWe units. Units 1 and 2 have been inoperation since 2000, Unit 3 began ser-vice in 2007, and Unit 4 started opera-

tions in 2011.After the 2011 Fukushima accident,

several NPCIL taskforces made recom-mendations to improve the safety of theTarapur BWRs and all of the PHWRs inthe country. The Tarapur reactors haveundergone the safety enhancements, butthe Madras plant must install enhancedflood defenses to protect against tsunamis

higher than the 100-foot tall tsunami thathit in 2004.

PAKISTAN

Pakistan, as of September 2013, has725 MWe of capacity in its small nu-clear power program, according to the

WNA. The Chashma 1 power plant inPunjab province uses a 325 MWe two-loop pressurized water reactor (PWR)supplied by China-based CNNC. Theplant began commercial operation in2000, and is also known as CHASNUPP1. CHASNUPP 1 began operations in2000. CHASNUPP 2, a 300 MWe net

THE KARACHI 1 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN PAKISTAN USES A137 MW CANDU REACTOR. COURTESY: CANDU ENERGY

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WITH 38 PERCENT O F THE NUCLEAR POWER IN DUSTRY WORKFRETIRE IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS, COMPANIES ARE LOOKING ATNEW EMPLOYEES TO FILL THE EMPLOYMENT VACANCIES. PHOT

Addressing the Age Gap in Nuclear Power Generation

transfer, she said. While knowledge transfer is one o

issues the industry is looking into wit comes to its work force, another plem is finding young employees to rethose who are retiring. To help bring memployees into the workforce, the nuclear industry launched the NucUniform Curriculum Program in 2

According to the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), more than 120,000 peoplework in the U.S. nuclear power industry, with 38 percent of them set to retirewithin the next few years. In an industry where knowledge and experience canprove invaluable, many companies are looking at ways to offset that loss, whether it isthrough training or the use of expert systems.

The issue of retaining the current knowledge base not only concerns the companiesthat employ nuclear workers, but also the young workers themselves.

This is something weve recognized for a long time, said Christine Csizmadia, presi-

dent of the North American Young Generation in Nuclear (NAYGN). Thats some-thing were constantly trying to address and solve. We dont have a silver bullet, butthats something were definitely concerned with.

NAYGN, which was formed in 1997, looks for ways to help train a workforce thatcould see its average age drop drastically in the next 10 years as workers retire and arereplaced by younger employees. One of the organizations main targets is knowledgetransfer, Csizmadia said.

The group works to hit that target through a variety of methods. A professionaldevelopment chair is included on the leadership team to ensure members have oppor-tunities to learn and grow in the industry, Csizmadia said. Each year, NAYGN hosts aprofessional development conference held in conjunction with NEIs Nuclear EnergyAssembly.

Members who are sent by their company to this conference get workshops and sem-inars on public speaking, communication, knowledge transfer, how to benchmark dif-ferent things you dont necessarily get to do when youre working in a reactor operations

room, she said. Wetry to give them asmuch of that type ofexposure as we can.

Csizmadia alsoworks as the manag-er of grassroots andoutreach programs

at NEI, but stressesthat the members ofNAYGN come frommany different com-panies in the indus-try. The organizationis itself a grassroots organization, and hasbeen able to accomplish as much as it hasthrough the generosity of companies thatsponsor it, Csizmadia said.

Our sponsors are incredibly generous,and we are very thankful they have seenour worth and have continued to supportus and encourage us to be creative in try-ing to problem solve issues like knowledge

BY JUSTIN MARTINO, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

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CONTINUED NUCLEUS20NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

a standardized certificate program thatprovides training for jobs at nuclear plants.According to a report from NEI released

last summer, there are 1,500 students en-rolled at 35 community colleges who areplanning on entering the nuclear industry.

According to the NEI, the indus-try hired nearly 15,000 people between2009 and 2012, and the data sug-gest the industry has sufficient engi-neers and operators to continue runningthe facilities as the workforce retires. Theinstitutes sixth biennial workforce pipe-line survey, conducted in February 2013,showed that enrollment in the nucleartechnology programs has grown from 100in 2008 to 1,500 at the time of the sur-vey, with the programs graduating nearly500 students in 2012.

Although organizations like NAYGNprovide resources for training employeesonce theyre in the workforce, NEI seniormedia relations manager Mitch Singersaid many companies also have their ownin-house leadership development pro-grams.

In addition, companies are not hesitant

to provide responsibility to a person whohas proven to be capable.

They do not worry about the age of

someone when it comes to giving themresponsibility, Singer said. They basical-ly say if theyre qualified, they dont carehow young they are. They will give themthe responsibility, and they will mentorthem in-house with certain leadershipprograms.

The retirements are also affecting thecraft side of a nuclear plant, according toGuy Starr, president of Day & Zimmer-manns Atlantic business unit. Once again,preparation and recruitment has been im-portant in dealing with the problem.

I know retirements are expected in2016, Starr said. We were predicting itfour years earlier than that and have re-ally prepared for this. We have a full-timedirector for craft resources and trainingwhose sole purpose is to get the mes-sage out about the great, high-paying jobsin the nuclear industry for craft. Hes infront of high school students quite a bit,because the way that we look at it, a lot ofpeople dont necessarily know what they

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One of the things I think is veryimportant for people to understand iswe dont necessarily have a labor short-age in this country, Starr said. Wehave a shortage of skilled labor. Thereare plenty of people out there who cando this work. We just need to get themtrained, and thats what weve been fo-cused on for the past 10 years.

Its an industry-wide issue, and itsnot going to be solved by any one com-pany. Its going to be solved by the in-dustry.

The industry is responding. increased recruitment and various grams to train the new employyoung employees in the nuclear intry, like Csizmadia, are working ttain the knowledge base and expericurrently in the field.

We dont want to lose the knedge that already exists, she said.want to make sure we capture it, sosomething we take very seriouslysomething we want to get the reinas much as we can before we see of these folks reti re. Were buildingreactors right now, and we need tosure we know what were doing.

Although Day & Zimmermadoes not have a formalizedmentoring program for its cremployees, Starr said when aemployee who is new to nucis brought into a facility, he ois teamed up with a seasonedveteran employee.

Once the workers have been recruit-ed, Starr said the company focuses ontraining the employees. Although Day& Zimmermann does not have a for-malized mentoring program for its craftemployees, Starr said when an employeewho is new to nuclear is brought into afacility, he or she is teamed with a sea-soned veteran employee. The engineer-ing group also has a young professionalsgroup that invites experienced employ-ees to speak and help provide its mem-bers with other avenues of self-learning.

want to do when they get out of highschool. Some people dont have the mon-ey necessary to go to a university andsome people just dont want to go to auniversity, so were offering them an op-tion, and its a high-paying option.

Starr said the company is also re-cruiting returning members of the U.S.military. Its Atlantic organization hasoffices in Norfolk, Va., which is hometo the largest Navy base in the world,allowing it to recruit former Navy forc-es who worked in the nuclear field.

ORGANIZATIONS LIKE NORTH AMERICAN YOUNG GENERATION IN NUCLEAR PROVIDE OUTSIDE OPPORTUNITIESFOR NEW MEMBERS OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FIELD. PHOTO COURTESY NAYGN

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22NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

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US Vt. N.H.Vt.

Mass.Conn.

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P e n n s y l v a n i a

S o u t h C a r o l i n a

N e w Y o r k

N o r t h C a r o l i n a

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T e x a s

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W i s c o n s i n

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W a s h i n g t o n

I o w a

M a s s a c h u s e t t s

V e r m o n t

900

800700

600500

1 2 4 1 6

1 0 0 1 5

6 8 9 2

5 7 0 8

5 3 9 5

5 2 7 0

5 1 3 9

4 3 7 8

4 2 0 9

4 1 0 2

4 0 4 2

3 7 1 1

3 6 5 5

2 3 2 3

2 2 3 7

2 2 3 6

2 1 6 3

1 9 3 0

1 8 4 5

1 8 2 9 1

3 7 3 1 7 0

0

1 3 1 1

1 3 0 3

1 2 6 8

1 2 4 2

1 2 3 6

1 2 0 0

6 8 0

6 7 0

5 6 3

13,000

12,000

11,000

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

Ia.

Mo.

Ark.

La.

Wash .

Calif.

Ari.

Neb.

Kan.

Tx.Miss. Ala.

Wis.

Minn.

Ill.

Tenn.

Mich.

Mich.

Oh.

Fla.

Ga.S.C.

N.C.

Pa

Va.

N.Y.

N.J.Md.

According to data provided byGenerationHub, the U.S. has 102,041MW of total operating nuclear capacityin 31 states. Illinois generates the mostnuclear with 12,416 MW in the state.Here is a breakdown of how muchnuclear each state generates.