NPAFC international NPAFC international cooperative research cooperative research designates the distribution designates the distribution of Asian and North American of Asian and North American chum salmon stocks in the chum salmon stocks in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean Ocean Unimak Islan d Shigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center Sapporo, Japan
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NPAFC international cooperative research designates the distribution of Asian and North American chum salmon stocks in the Bering Sea and North Pacific.
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NPAFC international NPAFC international cooperative research cooperative research designates the distribution of designates the distribution of Asian and North American Asian and North American chum salmon stocks in the chum salmon stocks in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Bering Sea and North Pacific OceanOcean
Unimak Island
Shigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center Sapporo, Japan
Tomonori Azumaya, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan
Penny Crane, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Anchorage, USA
Jim Seeb, ADF&G, Anchorage, USA
Lisa Seeb, ADF&G, Anchorage, USA
Dick Wilmot, NMFS, Auke Bay, USA
Syuiti Abe, Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate, Japan
Coauthors
The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) was established to promote the conservation of anadromous Pacific salmon stocks in the ocean.
One of its principal activities is international cooperative research by member countries (Canada, Japan, Korea, Russia, and USA).
NPAFC cooperative research on the genetic stock identification (GSI) to determine the distribution and migration of Pacific salmon in the Bering Sea is ongoing with a financial support from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project #R0303).
NPAFC Cooperative Genetic Research
PURPOSE
Determine the origin of chum salmon caught in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean by genetic and otolith marks
Estimate the marine distribution and biomass of chum salmon by stocks
METHODS Fish were caught by 1-h trawl
(5 knots) at 63 stations in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean during August and September 2003.
Tissue samples were collected from chum salmon (n=2294), and run for 20 allozyme loci to estimate the stock composition of mixtures.
Otoliths were collected from chum salmon (n=2803), and examined for mark pattern to determine the hatchery origin.
Reporting Regions of Chum Salmon for Genetic Stock Identification (GSI) in
Mixture Fisheries
160W 140W180 160E140E 120W
40N
50N
60N
1
23
45
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ASIA (44 stocks)1. Japan (29 stocks)2. Sakhalin (3 stocks)3. Premorye (1 stock)4. Amur (1 stock)5. Northern Russia (10 stocks)
NORTH AMERICA (84 stocks) 6. NW Alaska summer (16 stocks) 7. Fall Yukon (7 stocks) 8. Alaska Peninsula/Kodiak (40 stocks) 9. Susitna (1 stock)10. Prince William Sound (4 stocks)11. SE Alaska/North BC (8 stocks)12. South BC/Washington (8 stocks)
Stock estimates Estimates were made to individual 128 stocks by using the Statistical Package for Analyzing Mixture (SPAM) with 1,000 bootstrap resamplings, and then pooled to regional stock groups.
Simulation studies indicated that most reporting regions showed greater than 90% accurate when true group contributions were 100%.
Bathymetry and Sampling Locations in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean
Sampling gear:
Surface trawl net
(approximately 50 m in width & depth)
Kaiyo maru
020406080
100120140160180
Mea
n C
PU
E
Chum Sockeye Pink Chinook Coho
Bering Sea North Pacific
Mean CPUE of Pacific Salmon in the Bering Sea and Adjacent North Pacific OceanAugust/September 2003CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
CPUE Distribution of Chum Salmon August/September 2003CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160E 160W
55N
Bering Sea
North Pacific Ocean
150W 140W
X
600
300
100
10
0
x
x
x
x
Percent Composition of Maturing and Immature Chum Salmon. August/September 2003
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
n=120
n=84
n=31
n=29
n=56
n=120
n=120
n=84
n=60
n=117
n=120
n=120
n=94
n=58
n=104
n=120
n=120
n=60 n=60
n=69
n=103
n=84
n=112
n=79
n=60
n=80
n=25
Maturingfish
Immaturefish
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
n=120
n=84
n=30
n=29
n=118
n=118
n=116
n=83
n=60
n=113
n=119
n=119
n=93
n=56
n=103
n=120
n=120
n=57
n=103
n=60
n=69
n=66
n=112
n=79
n=60
n=66
n=24
Continental Origins of Immature Chum Salmon estimated by GSIAugust/September 2003
Asia North America
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: JapanCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
X
100
50
10
0
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: RussiaCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
100
50
10
0
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Fall YukonCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
Yukon River
X
25
10
5
0
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Northwest Alaska SummerCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
25
10
5
0
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Alaska Peninsula & Kodiak Island
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
25
10
5
0
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Prince William Sound (PWS)CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
25
10
5
0
X
X
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Southeast Alaska & North BC
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
25
10
5
0
X
GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: South BC & WashingtonCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
X
25
10
5
0
X
Number of otolith-marked chum salmon fry released from hatcheries
0
100
200
300
400
500
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
J apan Russia USA
Brood Year
Million
s
NPAFC Salmon Mark WG database
170W180 170E
50N
60N
160W
55N
150W 140W
North Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
175E 175W 165W 155W 145W
Distribution of Otolith-marked Immature Chum Salmon August/September 2003
Japan Russia Gastineau
Hidden Falls
W.H. Noerenberg
Stock-Specific Ocean Distribution in Summer/FallJapanese stock is distributed in the central Bering Sea. Russian stock has a similar distribution as Japanese, but also spread in the North Pacific.Northwestern Alaska stocks are distributed mainly in the eastern North Pacific waters.Alaska Peninsula/Kodiak stock is widely distributed in the Bering Sea and North Pacific.Southeastern Alaska/north BC stock appears in the eastern North Pacific and south Bering Sea.
SUMMARY
Abundance of food organismsInteractions within or among
speciesOcean conditions (water
temperature, salinity, depth, current etc.)
Timing and location of spawning Winter habitat
Factors affecting the ocean distributions of salmon
The present research is funded by the North Pacific Research Board and the Fisheries Agency of Japan.