Now that you have finished the course GO FOR IT !!!

Now that you have finished the Now that you have finished the course—course—

GO FOR IT !!!GO FOR IT !!!

AP PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWAP PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW

DescartesDescartes Aristotle Aristotle

PlatoPlato (mind not(mind not

Socrates Socrates separate separate

(mind separate from from body-(mind separate from from body-

body-knowledge is knowledgebody-knowledge is knowledge

innate-born within grows frominnate-born within grows from

us) dualism experienceus) dualism experience

monismmonism

Measures of central tendency-Measures of central tendency-

Mean, median, mode Mean, median, mode

p. 41p. 41

Measures of variation-Measures of variation-

Range and standard deviation Range and standard deviation p. 41p. 41

Research methods-Research methods-

Descriptive, correlational, Descriptive, correlational, experimental p. 39 experimental p. 39

Who invented phrenology?Who invented phrenology?

Franz GallFranz Gall

Neuron communicationNeuron communication

SSensory neuronsensory neurons

AAfferentfferent

MMotor neuronsotor neurons

EEfferentfferent

Sympathetic nervous system-stimulatesSympathetic nervous system-stimulates

Parasympathetic -pacifiesParasympathetic -pacifies

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture

Biopsychosocial influences p. 135Biopsychosocial influences p. 135

Individualist cultures and collectivist Individualist cultures and collectivist culturescultures

Individualist proverb: “The squeaky Individualist proverb: “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”wheel gets the grease.”

Collectivist proverb: “The quacking Collectivist proverb: “The quacking duck gets shot.” duck gets shot.”

Stages of development-Stages of development-

Ainsworth strange situation paradigmAinsworth strange situation paradigm

P. 156 secure and insecure attachmentP. 156 secure and insecure attachment

Harry Harlow –experiments on comfortHarry Harlow –experiments on comfort

Kubler Ross -stages of dyingKubler Ross -stages of dying

(Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, (Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance)acceptance)

Fluid and crystallized intelligenceFluid and crystallized intelligence

Absolute threshold-Absolute threshold-

JND-just noticeable differenceJND-just noticeable difference

Weber’s (Vay’ber’s)Law-Weber’s (Vay’ber’s)Law-

Two lights-8%,weight-2%,tones-.3%Two lights-8%,weight-2%,tones-.3%

Gate-control theory- Gate-control theory-

gate openedgate opened by activity of pain by activity of pain signals traveling up signals traveling up small nervesmall nerve fibersfibers

Gate closed Gate closed by activity of pain by activity of pain signals traveling up signals traveling up large fibers large fibers p.227p.227

Gestalt – form or wholeGestalt – form or whole

Monocular and binocular cuesMonocular and binocular cues

Visual cliff experiment-Visual cliff experiment-

depth perceptiondepth perception

Perceptual set-mental predispositionPerceptual set-mental predisposition

Human factors psychologists-Human factors psychologists-

help design appliances, machines, help design appliances, machines, etc. that fit our natural perceptions.etc. that fit our natural perceptions.

Sleep cycle (B A D) Beta, Alpha,Sleep cycle (B A D) Beta, Alpha,

(Theta), Delta(Theta), Delta

Spindles in stage 2 Spindles in stage 2

REM- about 25% REM- about 25%

Pineal gland –Pineal gland –

sleep inducing hormone melatoninsleep inducing hormone melatoninSuprachiasmatic nucleus (neural Suprachiasmatic nucleus (neural

center in hypothalamus) controls center in hypothalamus) controls circadian clockcircadian clock

Dream theoriesDream theories

Classical and operant conditioningClassical and operant conditioning

Theory of mindTheory of mind

Pavlov, Watson, GarciaPavlov, Watson, Garcia

SkinnerSkinner

Bandura’s bobo dollBandura’s bobo doll

Skinner box (operant chamber)Skinner box (operant chamber)

Schedules of reinforcementSchedules of reinforcement

Interval-Interval-

related to timerelated to time

Ratio-related to number of timesRatio-related to number of times

Atkinson-Shiffrin’s three stage Atkinson-Shiffrin’s three stage memory processing modelmemory processing model

Sensory, short-term, long-termSensory, short-term, long-term

Hippocampus – Hippocampus –

explicit memoriesexplicit memories

Cerebellum-Cerebellum-

implicit memoriesimplicit memories

Encoding- effortful and automaticEncoding- effortful and automatic

Elizabeth Loftus-false memoriesElizabeth Loftus-false memories

Skinner –A I R –Skinner –A I R –

association, imitation, reinforcementassociation, imitation, reinforcement

Chomsky-inborn universal grammarChomsky-inborn universal grammar

Heuristics-Heuristics-

representative, availabilityrepresentative, availability

Whorf’s linguistic determinismWhorf’s linguistic determinism

Phoneme-smallest sound unitPhoneme-smallest sound unit

Morpheme-smallest unit that carries Morpheme-smallest unit that carries meaningmeaning

Critical period-window begins to close at Critical period-window begins to close at age 7age 7

Spearman-general intelligence “g”Spearman-general intelligence “g”

Gardner- 8 intelligencesGardner- 8 intelligences

Sternberg-3 intelligences (cap) creative, Sternberg-3 intelligences (cap) creative, analytic, practicalanalytic, practical

Binet/Simon-started intelligence movementBinet/Simon-started intelligence movement

Wechsler-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Wechsler-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-most widely usedScale-most widely used

Convergent –Convergent –

single correct answer-single correct answer-

Divergent-Divergent-

Multiple answersMultiple answers

Industrial organizational psychologyIndustrial organizational psychology

Drive reduction theoryDrive reduction theory

Goleman’s emotional intelligenceGoleman’s emotional intelligence

Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Task leadership and social leadershipTask leadership and social leadership

Voice effectVoice effect

James-Lange theory(arousal-emotion)James-Lange theory(arousal-emotion)

Cannon-Bard theory(arousal/emotion)Cannon-Bard theory(arousal/emotion)

Schachter-Singer theory(arousal/label Schachter-Singer theory(arousal/label then emotion)then emotion)

Zajonc-LeDoux theory-we have many Zajonc-LeDoux theory-we have many emotional reactions apart from our emotional reactions apart from our interpretation. Two roads:interpretation. Two roads:

Fear-thalamus-amygdala-responseFear-thalamus-amygdala-response

Fear-thalamus-sensory cortex-Fear-thalamus-sensory cortex-prefrontal cortex amygdala-responseprefrontal cortex amygdala-response

Personality theories-Personality theories-

Freud, Adler, Horney, JungFreud, Adler, Horney, Jung

Projective testsProjective tests

Eysenck –two Eysenck –two axes-extraversion/introversionaxes-extraversion/introversion

Stable/unstableStable/unstable

Conscientiousness, agreeableness,Conscientiousness, agreeableness,

Neuroticism, openness, extraversionNeuroticism, openness, extraversion

DSM-IV-TR AND UN-DSMDSM-IV-TR AND UN-DSM

5 AXES: Disorder, personality 5 AXES: Disorder, personality disorder, medical condition, disorder, medical condition, environmental problems, functioningenvironmental problems, functioning

Affective(mood) Affective(mood)

Depression-low serotoninDepression-low serotonin

Mania-high serotoninMania-high serotonin

Schizophrenia-high dopamineSchizophrenia-high dopamine

Positive and negative symptomsPositive and negative symptoms

Pinel and Dix-humane treatmentPinel and Dix-humane treatment

Regression toward the meanRegression toward the mean

Chart on therapy techniquesChart on therapy techniques

EMDREMDR

Aaron Beck’s view of depressionAaron Beck’s view of depression

DeinstitutionalizationDeinstitutionalization

Cognitive dissonanceCognitive dissonance

Kurt Lewin-leadership stylesKurt Lewin-leadership styles

Solomon Asch-conformitySolomon Asch-conformity

Milgram-obedienceMilgram-obedience

Zimbardo-jail experimentZimbardo-jail experiment

GRIT-graduated and reciprocated GRIT-graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction initiatives in tension reduction (Osgood)(Osgood)

The “sleeper effect” –negative The “sleeper effect” –negative propaganda has impact even from propaganda has impact even from discreditable source.discreditable source.