November - 1 jha;t PL • etk;g u; Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU · jkpo; kf;f spd; kuG uPj pahd fiy fyh rhu eltbf;iffs; ghuk;g upa $j;J f;f s ; Nghd;w itfs; Gwf;f zpg;G f;F k; ieahz; bf;F

Page 1

jkpo; kf;fspd; kuG uPjpahd fiy fyh

rhu eltbf;iffs; ghuk;gupa $j;Jf;fs;

Nghd;witfs; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;Fk; ieahz;

bf;Fk; cl;gl;bUe;j xU fhyj;jpy; ehl;

Lf;$j;J kuig nre;neup kughf epiy

epWj;jp gl;lg;gbg;gpw;fhd fy;tpg; nghU

shf ehl;Lf;$j;ij kPl;nlLj;jtu; tpj;jp-

ahde;jd; mtu;fs;.

me;j kPl;gpid> mtUf;Fg; gpd;dUk; muq;

fpay; MSikAlDk; mu;gzpg;GlDk;

fl;bf; fhj;J tsu;j;njLj;J me;j tsu;r;

rpia mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;

Yk; Mw;wy; kpf;ftu;fshf ,dk; fhzg;

gLk; rpyUf;Fs; Kf;fpakhdtuhfj; jpfo;

gtu; Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU mtu;fs;.

muq;fpaypd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd xU iky;fy;

mtu;.

xU ebfuhf> Muk;gpj;J ehlfhrpupauhf

cUntLj;J> newpahsu;> Ma;thsu;> jpw

dha;thsu; vd tpuptile;jtu;. ntw;wp

fz;ltu;.

vOgJ tajpy; cyhtUk; Nguhrpupau;

nksdFU mtu;fs; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; mkpu;j-

fopapd; rPyhKid fpuhkj;jpy; 9-6-1943y;

gpwe;jtu;. ngw;Nwhu; rpd;idah. Kj;jk;kh.

je;ij rpd;idah mtu;fs; fiyfspy;

ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wtu;. itj;jpau;. $j;jpy;

Mu;tk; nfhz;ltu;. je;ij topg; gz;Gk;

nksdFUtpd; cs;kdj;jpy; xU fiy-

Qid cUthf;fj; jiyg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

mkpu;jfop nkjb];l; kp\d; ghlrhiyapy;

gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghNj 1948y; jdJ

Ie;Nj tajpy; xU ebfdhf Nkilapy;

Vwpatu;. ,tiu NkilNaw;wpa Kjy;

ehlfk; ngupa itj;jpau;. mjhtJ mg;gh.

,tu; Vw;wpUe;j ghj;jpuKk; ngupa itj;

jpau;jhd;. 1948 ypUe;J 1953 tiuapyhd

fhyj;jpy; nkjb];l; ghlrhiyapy; Ie;J

ehlfq;fspy; ebj;J Ie;jhtJ tFg;G

Kbj;J te;jhW%iy kj;jpa fy;Y}upapy;

1954y; jdJ ,ilepiyf; fy;tpf;fhf

,ize;J nfhz;lhu;.

1960 tiu te;jhW%iy kj;jpa fy;Y}up

apy; fy;tp fw;whu;. ,e;j ,ilepiyf;

fy;tpf; fhyj;jpy; fy;Y}upf; fiy tpohf;

fs;> guprspg;G tpohf;fs; vd;W gj;Jf;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fspy; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuq;

fs; Vw;W ebj;Js;shu;. ebg;Gr; rpwg;Gf;

fhfg; gy gupRfs; ngw;W kfpo;e;JKs;shu;.

1960y; NkilNawpa ehlfk; ‘ghRgjh];jpuk;’

,J xU tlNkhbf;$j;J. ,jpy; ,tu;

Vw;wpUe;jJ rpt Ntld; ghj;jpuk;.

,e;j ehlfj;ijg; ghu;j;j Nguhrpupau; tpj;-

jpahde;jDf;F ehlfKk; gpbj;jpUe;jJ.

rpt Ntldhf tPupaj;Jld; $j;jhba

khztidAk; gpbj;jpUe;jJ. ,yq;iff;

fiyf;fofj; jkpo; ehlff;FO 1959y;

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ghlrhiyfSf;fhd $j;

Jg; Nghl;bf;fhf ghRgjh];jpuk; Mlg;gl;

lNghJ rpt Ntldhfg; ghj;jpuNkw;w

khztdpd; ebg;Gj; jpwdhy; tpag;Gw;w

Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; te;

jhW%iytiu nrd;W nksdFUTf;F

tho;j;Jf; $wpr; nrd;Ws;shu;.

gl;lg;gbg;gpw;fhf Nguhjidf;Fs; nksd-

FU EioAKd;Ng ghRgjh];jpuk; $j;J

gy;fiyf;fofj; jpwe;j ntsp muq;fpw;Fs;

Eioe;J tpl;lJ. R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mij

Nkil Vw;wpdhu;.

cau;fy;tpf;fhf nksdFU mtu;fs; Nguh

jid gy;fiyf;fofk; Nru;e;j Mz;L

1961.

ehl;Lf;$j;J kugpd; Gj;Japu;g;G Kaw;rpf-

spy; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; <Lgl;b

Ue;j fhyKk; mJ.

,e;jf; fhyj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpg;

Nguhrpupau; mkuu; rptj;jk;gp mtu;fs; ,g;

gbf;Fwpf;fpd;whu;. ‘<oj;Jj; jkpo;g; gz;

ghl;il aho;g;ghzj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;l

xd;whfNt Nghw;Wk; kuG ePz;lfhykhf

,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. <oj;jpy; thOk; jkpo;

kf;fspilNa aho;g;ghzf;Flh ehl;by;

thOk; jkpoNu me;epa Ml;rp fhyq;f

spy; mur ghu;itf;Fs; te;J fy;tp> nghU

shjhuj;Jiwfspy; jk;ik tsu;j;Jf;

nfhz;ldu;. mg;gb tsu;j;njLf;fg;gl;l

Nkyhz;ik epiy fhuzkhf mtu;fs;

,oe;jit gy. R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;f

spd; ehl;Lf;$j;J kPl;G Kaw;rpahy; <oj;

Jj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd; Ntu;fs; gw;wpa

Njly;fspy;> aho;g;ghzk; ,oe;jit kl;

lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> td;dpg; gFjpfspy;

,Ug;gJ njupa te;jJ. <oj;Jj; jkpo;g;

gz;ghl;L cUthf;fj;jpy; kl;lf;fsg;gpd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tw;GWj;jpa ,af;fj;

jpy; Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jdpd; gq;F

kpfg; ngupaJ….’

,e;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> mNj fhyfl;lj;jpy;

gy;fiyf;fofj;Jf;Fs; Eioe;j kl;lf;f

sg;Gf; fiyQUk; muq;fpay; MSik

Ald; kl;lf;fsg;Gf; $j;Jf;fis ed;f

wpe;jpUe;jtUkhd nksdFUitAk;

Kd;dpiyg; gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. Nguhrpup

aupd; $j;J kPl;rpg; gzpfSf;fhd jskh

fTk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

1961y; Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

,ize;j nksdFU mtu;fspd; vOj;J

Utpy; cUthd tlNkhb ehlfk; ‘fu;zd;

Nghu;’ Nguhrpupau; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; jah

upg;gpy; 1962y; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Nkil

VWfpwJ. gpwF fz;b nfhOk;G aho;g;gh

zk; vd;W gy Nkil fz;l ehlfk; ,J.

nksdFU fu;zdhfTk;> m.rz;Kfjh];

fpU\;zdhfTk; ebj;jdu;.

‘ehl;Lf;$j;J Kiw ,f;fhyj;Jf;F Vw;W

tuhJ vd;w $w;iwg; ngha;ahf;fp ,ir

Ak; Ml;lKk; ,iza te;j rpwg;G jkpo;

ehlf ty;yhu; ,Jtiu milahjJ’

‘kl;lf;fsg;G ehl;Lf;$j;J Kiwapid

Ml;l epiyapypUe;J ehlf epiyf;Ff;

nfhz;L tUk; ,k;Kjy; Kaw;rp ghuhl;

Lf;FupaJ’ vd;W gj;jpupiffs; ghuhl;bap

Ue;jd.

1963: nehz;b ehlfk; - njd;Nkhb ehlfk;.

vOjpatu; rp.nksdFU> jahupg;ghsu;

R.tpj;jpahde;jd;. nksdFU Vw;wpUe;j

ghj;jpuk; nrl;bahu;.

1964: ,uhtNzrd; - tlNkhb ehlfk;>

gpujpahf;fk; - rp.nksdFU> Vw;W ebj;j

ghj;jpuk; - ,uhtzd;. jahupj;jtu; - Nguh

rpupau; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; kl;lf;fsg;Gg;

gy;fiyf;fofk; cs;spl;l 25 f;Fk; Nkw;

gl;l jlitfs; NkilNawpg; GfoPl;ba

ehlfk; ,uhtNzrd;.

,e;j %d;W ehlfq;fs; %ykhfTk;

$j;J ehlfkhf;fg;gLtjw;fhd gapw;rp

nksdFU mtu;fSf;F fpilj;jJ. xg;

gid> ebg;G> Mil Mguzk;> Nkil

myq;fhuk;> ,ir Mfpad gw;wpa njspT

ehlfj;jpd; nespT RspTfs; mj;jidia

Ak; czu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;.

1968y; ‘thyptij’ vd;Dk; tlNkhb ehl

fj;ij Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

tpj;jpahde;jd; jahupj;J NkilNaw;w

nksdFU cjtp nra;fpd;whu;. thyptij

ehlfj;ij mtNu vOjpf; nfhLf;fpd;

whu;. ,j;jidf;Fk; mtuJ gl;lg;gbg;G

1965NyNa KbTWfpd;wJ. thyptij

jahupg;gpy; Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jDf;F

cjtNt 1968 tiu gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

mtUila gpur;rd;dk; epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ.

mur Mrpupau; epakdk; ngw;w 68 d; gpd;

fy;Kid ]h`puh nt];yp te;jhW%iy

kj;jpa fy;Y}up Mfpatw;wpy; Mrpupauhfg;

gzpahw;wpdhu;. 68 ypUe;J 72 tiuapyhd

fhyg;gFjpapy; jhd; MrpupauhftpUe;j

ghlrhiy khztu;fis $j;J ehlfk;>

ehl;lhu; ghly;fs; vd;W fiy <LghLk;

fiyr;rpuj;ijAk; nfhz;ltu;fshf cU

thf;Ftjpy; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkha; nraw;

gl;ltu; ,tu;.

nfhOk;G ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp rigapy;

ghlE}y; vOj;jhsuhf xU tUlk;Nghy;

gzpahw;wpAs;shu; (1972).

jdJ fy;tp Nkk;ghl;bd; epkpj;jk; KJf

iykhzp (M.A) Nguhjid 1973. fy;tpap

ay; bg;nshkh nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;

1975. fyhepjp (Ph.D) aho;. gy;fiyf;fofk;

1982 Mfpa gl;lq;fisAk; ngw;wtu; Nguh

rpupau; nksdFU mtu;fs;.

nfhOk;gpy; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; (1972 - 1976)

nfhOk;gpd; ehlff; fiyQu;fs;> ehlfh

rpupau;fs;> newpahsu;fs; vd;W rfyUl

Dk; njhlu;G nfhz;L> gofpatu;. rpq;fs

fiyQu;fspd; njhlu;Gfs;> muq;F gw;wpa

fye;Jiuahly;fs; vd;W jdJ mDg

tq;fis <e;Jk; mtu;fSila mDg

tq;fisg; ngw;Wk; jdJ MSikia

tpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;lhu;. tprhypj;Jf;

nfhz;lhu;.

‘Nguhrpupau; vjpuptPu ruj;je;jpuTk; <oj;J

ehlf kuGk;’ vd;Dk; xU E}iyAk; vOjp-

apUf;fpd;whu; nksdFU mtu;fs;.

etPd rpq;fs muq;fpaypd; Kd;NdhbAk;>

Ma;thsUkhd ruj;re;jputpd;> ‘kdNk’

‘rpq;fghF’ ehlfq;fs; fpof;F gy;fiyf;

fof muq;fpay; khztu;fSf;Ff; fw;gpf;

fg;gLfpd;wd.

nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;j fhyq;fspy;> eh.Re;ju-

ypq;fk;> m.jhrPa];> Ri`u; ̀ kPl;> ,isa

gj;kehjd;> ,.rpthde;jd; MfpNahUld;

,ize;J ,aq;fpatu; ,tu;.

nfhOk;gpy; NkilNawpa nksdFU mtu;

fspd; ‘rq;fhuk;’ 1969> vd;.Nf. uFehjdpd;

‘fe;jd; fUiz’ 1972> kfhftpapd; ‘Gjpa

njhU tPL’ 1973> fhu;j;jpfh fNzrupd;

‘fhdfk; Vfpa ,uhftd;’ - ehl;ba ehl

fk; (1973)> fhu;j;jpfhtpd; ,d;ndhU ehl;

ba ehlfkhd ,uhkhazk; (1974) Mfpa

ehlfq;fSlhd nraw;ghLfSk;> gq;Nfw;

Gk; ,tuJ muq;fpay; tho;tpd; mLj;j

fl;l efu;Tf;fhd ce;J rf;jpfs;.

xU fiyQdhf cUthtJ> mu;g;gzpg;

Gld; xU fiyQdhf tho;tJ vd;gJ

xU epiy.

xU Gjpa guk;giuia xUfiyg; ghuk;g

upaj;ij cUthf;FtJ vd;gJ ,d;D-

nkhU epiy.

,e;j ,uz;lhtJ epiyapy; ntw;wpaPl;ba

kpfr; rpyUs; Kf;fpakhdtu; Nguhrpupau;

nksdFU mtu;fs;.

‘muq;f tuyhw;wpy; epiwa ngau;fSf;F

mopf;f Kbahj ,lKz;L. Mdhy; muq;f

tsu;r;rpapy; xU rpy ngau;fSf;Nf Kf;

fpa ,lKz;L. mjpy; xU ngau; nksd

FU’ vd;Dk; Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gpapd;

$w;W Kf;fpakhdJ.

‘mk;gyj;jhbfSf;fhf m.jhrPrpa]; newp

ahs;ifapy; ebfu; xd;wpak; Yk;gpdp muq;

fpy; NkilNaw;wpa fe;jd; fUizapy;

Myaf; fjit jpwg;gjw;fhf KUfd;

nksdFU tPu rgjk; nra;Ak; fhl;rp>

KUfdhf Ntlkpl;bUe;j nksdFU

mtu;fs; Mf;Nuh\khf Mba Ml;lk;>

mitapdiu mg;gbNa ];jk;gpf;f itj;

jpUe;jJ. fpl;lj;jl;l gj;J epkplq;fSf;F

Nky; mtu; Mba ,e;j Ml;lk;> Ml;l

Kiwikfs;> Ml;l moF – ghu;itah

su;fspd; fuNfh\k; mlq;f ePz;l Neuk;

nrd;wJ….’ vd;W Fwpj;Js;shu; rl;lj;

juzpAk; muq;fpayhsUk; Njrpa fiy

,yf;fpag; Nguitapd; jiytUkhfpa

Nrh. Njtuh[h mtu;fs;.

ebfu; xd;wpaj;jpdhy; jhrPrpa]; newpahs;

ifapy; NkilNawpa kfhftpapd; ‘Gjpa

njhU tPL’ ehlfj;jpy; nksdFU vLj;

JiuQuhfg; ghj;jpuNkw;whu;. kfhftpapd;;

ghly;fSf;fhd mtuJ Ml;lKk; mq;f

mirTfSk; me;jg; ghj;jpuj;ij MSik

nfhs;sr; nra;jd.

nksdFU mtu;fspd; rq;fhuk; mtU-

ila newpahs;ifapy; Yk;gpdp muq;fpy;

NkilNawpaJ. mjpy; njhopyhsu; jiy

tdhd Kf;fpa Ntlk; mtUilaJ.

1969: 1975: 1980 vd;W rq;fhuj;Jf;F %d;W

gpwtpfs; cz;L. kl;lf;fsg;G – nfhOk;G

– aho;g;ghzk; vd;W ,e;j %d;W gpwtpf-

Sld; epiwaNt thjg; gpujpthjq;fS

ld; Gfoile;j ehlfk; ,J.

rq;fhuk; Mw;WifAk; jhf;fKk; fyhepjp.

rp.nksdFU vd;Dk; E}y; Njrpa fiy

,yf;fpag; Nguitapdhy; 1993y; ntsp

aplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nguhrpupau; nksdFUtpd; ,d;ndhU

muq;fpay; iky;fy; ghlrhiyfis ika

khff; nfhz;l mtUila ehlf nraw;

ghLfs;.

n 1985 – aho; Gdpj N[hd; ngh];Nfh -

jg;gp te;j jhb ML.

n 1985 – aho; ,e;J kfspu; fy;Y}up -

tpbT.

n 1986 – N[hd; ngh];Nfh – Ntliu

cr;rpa nts;isg; Gwhf;fs;.

n 1987 – cLtpy; kfspu; fy;Y}up -

gugh]; - Gj;Japu;g;G.

n 1987 -Rz;Lf;Fsp kfspu; fy;Y}up -

ek; ikg; gpbj;j gprhRfs;.

n 1989 - N[hd; ngh];Nfh - xU Kaypd;

fij.

n 1989 - aho;g;ghzf;fy;Y}up - xU cz;ik

kdpjd;.

1987y; jg;gp te;j jhb ML ehlfk;

E}yhf ntspte;J mur rhfpj;jpa tpUjp

idg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.

,tUila NkYk; %d;W E}y;fSk;

Njrpa rhfpj;jpa tpUJ ngw;Ws;sd vd;

gJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;fNj.

Vwj;jho xU 200 ehlfq;fspy; jahupg;G-

newpahs;if – vOj;JU – ebg;G – xj;jpif

– vd;W Vjhtnjhd;wpy; nraw;gl ,ize;

Js;stu; ,e;jg; Nguhrpupau;.

Mrpupauhf Mrpupag; gapw;rpf; fyhrhiy

tpupTiuahsuhf> gy;fiyf;fof tpupT

iuahsuhf> Nguhrpupauhf> Ez;fiyj;

Jiwj; jiytuhf> fiyg;gPlhjpgjpahf>

cg Nte;juhfj; jpfo;e;j> jpfo;fpd;w

Nguhrpupau; nksdFU mtu;fs; muq;fp

ay; Jiwf;fhd xU gy;fiyf;fokhf

Tk; jpfo;fpd;wtu; vd;gJ

kpiff; $w;wy;y.

111

muq;fpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;

Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU- njsptj;ij N[hrg; -

glk;: b[p fUzh

jha;tPL • etk;gu; November 2013 - 1 -

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