8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
1/31
NOUNS
Gender & Plural
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
2/31
12/16/20132
Two kinds of nouns
ABSTRACT- Qualities and states which cannot be touched
or seen.
-uncountablee.g.health, misery, love, hate, happiness,
laughter, joy* CONCRETE
- names of things that can be seen, touched, i.e.they exist in the physical world.e.g.people, man, medicament, doctor, house,
tree, students
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
3/31
12/16/20133
CONCRETE NOUNS
Two types:
Common- names of people, things and
places belonging to a certain group.e.g.academy, man, patient, baton
Proper- names of particular, i.e.
individual people, places, institutions,etc.
e.g.London, John, The Hilton
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
4/31
12/16/20134
Proper nouns > UNCOUNTABLE
Common nouns> COUNTABLE> UNCOUNTABLE
Common nounswhich can be COUNTEDseparately in the plural are COUNTABLE.
e.g.man - men, worker - workers,
bookbooks, house - houses
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
5/31
12/16/20135
Concrete nounsdenoting things thatcannot be counted are UNCOUNTABLE.
e.g.air, blood, sugar, coffee, grassNote!
I l ike my coffee without sugar.
But:Br ing us three coffees (three cups ofcoffee).
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
6/31
12/16/20136
Some nouns both > countable
> uncountable
* Different meaning
e.g.This box is made of paper.
There were 20 paperssubmitted
for the conference.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
7/3112/16/20137
Adjectives= nouns when preceded bythe DEFINITE ARTICLE
e.g.The rich do not understand the poor. Nouns= adjectives
e.g.health policy, hospital rules, family
doctor, etc.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
8/31
NOUN GENDER
- MASCULINE GENDER
- FEMININE GENDER
- NEUTER GENDER
- COMMON GENDER
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
9/31
MASCULINE GENDER
boy god
sir heir
king uncle
son waiter
nephew prince
father lion
brotherhusband horse
wizard wolf
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
10/31
FEMININE GENDER
woman poetess
girl goddess
madam heiress
queen daughter
aunt waitress
niece princess
mother lionesssister
wife mare
witch she-wolf
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
11/31
NEUTER GENDER
baby house
bee joke
bird letter
book message
car noun
child paper
finger roadground story
hospital wave
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
12/3112/16/2013
12
COMMON GENDER
artist friend
child neighbour
person doctor
parent representative
monarch cousin
teacher guest
inhabitant enemystudent tourist
guide singer
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
13/31
NOUN PLURAL
s es
/s/, /z/ ili /iz/
/s/ book bookscat - cats
/z/ dog - dogs
day
days/iz/ rose - rosesjudge - judges
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
14/31
SUFFIX ES /IZ/
a) s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x
bus - buses
glass - glasses
brush - brushes
church - churchesbox - boxes
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
15/31
SUFFIXES, con t.
b) most nouns ending in -
hero - heroes
potato - potatoes
volcano - volcanoes
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
16/31
Exemptions
piano - pianos
photo - photos
kilo - kilossolo - solos
studio studios
radio radios
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
17/31
NOUNS ENDING IN -
lady - ladies
story - stories
army - armiescountry - countries
factory factories
BUT: boy boysday - days
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
18/31
12/16/201318
NOUNS ENDING IN F / -FE
f > v + -es
leaf - leaves
wife - wives
thief - thieves
loaf - loaves
half - halves
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
19/31
12/16/201319
EXEMPTIONS
roof roofs
gulf gulfs
cliff cliffs
proof proofs
belief beliefsN.B.
scarf - scarfs - scarveshoof - hoofs hooves
dwarfdwarfs - dwarves
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
20/31
12/16/201320
IRREGULAR PLURAL FORM
man - men
woman - women child - children
foot - feet
goose - geese
mouse - mice louse - lice
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
21/31
12/16/201321
SINGULAR = PLURAL & vice versa
sheep - sheepdeer - deer
fish - fish (fishes)aircraft - aircraftSwiss - SwissChinese - Chinese
Japanese - Japanese
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
22/31
12/16/201322
species - species
series - series
means - means
e.g.There has been an interestingseriesof concerts recently.
There were several ser iesof lectures atthe university last spring.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
23/31
12/16/201323
Nouns > SINGULARform
+
SINGULARverbs
UNCOUNTABLEand cannot be used withNUMBERSor the word MANY, for instance:
advice, applause, information, luggage
e.g.He gave me some advice. The advice wasgood.
Ill give you a piece of advice.
They received two pieces of information.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
24/31
12/16/201324
COMPOUND NOUNS
brother-in-law, toothache, passer-by,
girl-friend, go-between, etc.
Plural forms can vary: brothers-in-law, toothaches, passers-by,
girl-friends, go-betweens, etc.
Note!
man friend men friends
woman doctorwomen doctors
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
25/31
12/16/201325
NOUNS OF LATIN ORIGIN
axis axes
locus loci
radius radiibacterium bacteria
datum - data
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
26/31
12/16/201326
NOUNS OF GREEK ORIGIN
analysis analyses
basis - bases
crisis crisescriterion criteria
phenomenon phenomena
thesis - theses
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
27/31
12/16/201327
Two plural forms > different
meaningsgenius - geniuses
- genii
medium - mediums- mediabrother - brothers
- brethren
cloth - cloths- clothes
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
28/31
12/16/201328
Plural form > singular object
(a pair of) glasses, trousers, scissors, etc.:
The trousersaretoo expensive.The scissorson the desk arenot sharp
enough.
The old ladys glasseswereon the floor.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
29/31
12/16/201329
Singular form + verb in plural form
Policearelooking for the man whoescaped from the prison.
The cattle are out in the field.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
30/31
12/16/201330
Plural form + verb in singular form
Linguisticsis a science dealing withlanguages.
Dartsis played in pubs in Britain.
No newsis good news.
8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012
31/31
12/16/201331
Noun + verb in singular / plural form
committee
the Vatican
headquartersteam
The committeehas/have made a wrongdecision.