(Notessynopsis)Ce Foe11112(2) Cpu Chapter1 Introductiontocomputer

7/31/2019 (Notessynopsis)Ce Foe11112(2) Cpu Chapter1 Introductiontocomputer

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONTO

COMPUTER

Prepared By: Vipul Vekariya

M.E(Computer)

MEFGI,

Rajkot.


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COMPUTER

It is a electronic data processing machine which accept the data

from outside the world in the form of input and manipulates,calculates, computes on the basis of a set of instructions supplied

and stored in memory and give s desired result in the form of

output to the user.

Computer is an information processing machine.

A programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a

computer are:

1)It responds to a specific set ofinstructions in a well-defined

manner.

2)It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/instruction.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/execute.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/program.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/program.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/execute.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/instruction.html


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HARDWARE

The physical component of the computer.


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STORAGEDEVICE


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MOUSE


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KEYBOARD


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INTERNALSTRUCTUREOFCPU


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SOFTWARE

It refers to the set of instruction that gives direction

to a computer to perform certain specific task.

software which help the user to utilize the various

capabilities of computer system for specific purpose.

Example:

1) BASIC, C, C++

2) loader and linker

3) editor

4) compiler5) operating system


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TYPESOFSOFTWARE

System software: it helps run the computer

hardware and computer system.

It control the internal computer function.

Reading data from input device Transmit information to output device

I/O management, CPU time to user

Helps hardware component work together.

Operating system compiler

Loader,linker,interpreters


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DEFINITIONS

Compiler: which translate higher level program

to machine level program.

Assembler : which translate lower program to

machine level program.

Loader: which load OS part and object part in to

main memory for execution purpose.

Linker: which bind symbolic code of source and

library file to make executable program.

Interpreter: which translate line by line high

level program in to low level programs.


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APPLICATIONSOFTWARE

A software designed for user specific need is

called application software.

industrial automation

business software

video games

educational software

medical software

military software
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_software&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_software&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation


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FIRMWARE

Firmware, which is software programmed

resident to electrically programmable memory

devices on board mainboards or other types of

integrated hardware carriers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware


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BLOCKDIAGRAMOFCOMPUTERSYSTEM

Arithmetic &

logic unit

Control Unit

MEMORY

I/P Device O/P Device

Storage

device

CPU


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ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT:

All calculations are performed in the Arithmetic

Logic Unit (ALU) of the computer.

It also does comparison and takes decision.

The ALU can perform basic operations such as

addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc

and does logic operations viz, >,


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CPU( CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT)

The control unit and ALU of the computer are

together known as the Central Processing Unit

(CPU). The CPU is like brain performs the

following functions:

It performs all calculations. It takes all decisions.

It controls all units of the computer.

Memory:

It store the temporary data used by thecomputers.

RAM

ROM


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STORAGEDEVICE

It store the data permanent in the device. Hard disk. CD, USB drive

Output Device

The output unit of a computer provides theinformation and results of a computation to

outside world.

Printers, Visual Display Unit (VDU) are the

commonly used output devices.Input Device:

o It transmit the data in to computer memory unit.

Keyboard, scanner,


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ADVANTAGEOF COMPUTER

Speed

Vast Storage media

Diligence & Maintenance

Accuracy Time factor

Versatility

Permanent


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LIMITATIONOFCOMPUTER

Computer can not operate without human beings.

It can not identify the problem of the world.

It can not identify the I/P & O/P.

It can not design & develop own software. Computer can not interpret and use store

information in computer.


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DISADVANTAGEOFCOMPUTER

Required clean and dust free environment

Required skilled staff for operating

Data insecurity

They normally do not question the accuracy ortruth of input information.


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OPERATINGSYSTEM

It is a system software which manages the

hardware as well as interact with user and

provide different services to user program.

Process management

I/O management

Memory management

File management

CPU managementExample;

Vista, window XP, Linux


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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

It is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules

for instructing computer to perform specific task.

Machine Language or lower level language

Assembly level language High level language


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MACHINEOR LOWERLEVELLANGUAGE

Programs are written in 0s and 1s forms( binary

language).

Which are directly understand by computer system.

Advantage:

Program execution is faster in comparison with others. Size of code is compact and small.

It occupies less memory.

disadvantage:

It require depth technical knowledge to debug program. Difficult to understand.


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MIDDLELEVELLANGUAGE

It is also called an assembly language.

This language used mnemonics in place of 0s and

1s to represent code.

The mnemonics refers to a memory aid. Coding in this language is time consuming

This language is machine oriented.


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HIGHERLEVELLANGUAGE

The language whose instruction closely related to

human language and mathematical notation.

Advantage:

Easy to learn Require less time to write

Provide better documentation

Easy to maintain


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FLOW CHART

It is a graphical representation of sequence of

any problem to solve by computer programming

language.

It is used to prepare first before writing any

program.

Through flowchart it is easy to understand logic

and sequence of problem.

After drawing flowchart it becomes easy to write

any program.


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Start or end of the program

PROCESS

Input or output operation

Decision making branching

Connector


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Magnetic Tape

Magnetic Disk

Off-page connector

Flow line

Annotation

Display

(Notessynopsis)Ce Foe11112(2) Cpu Chapter1 Introductiontocomputer

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