Applied Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Compressible Fluid Flow Compressible Flow INTRODUCTION Compressible flow is defined as that flow in which the density of the fluid does not remain constant during flow. This means that the density changes from point to point in compressible flow. But in case of incompressible flow, the density of the fluid is assumed to be constant. In the previous chapters, the fluid was assumed incompressible, and the basic equations such as equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation and impulse momentum equations were derived on the assumption that fluid is incompressible. This as sump tion is true for flo w of li quids, w hich are inc ompr essible fluids. But in case of flow of fluids, such as (i) flow of gases through orifices and nozzles, (ii) flow of gases in machines such as compressors, and (iii) projectiles and airplanes flying at high altitude with high velocities, the density of the fluid changes during the flow. The chang e in densi ty of a fluid is acco mpani ed by the change s in press ure and temperature and hence the thermodynamic behaviour of the fluids will have to be taken into account. BASIC EQUATIONS OF COMPRESSIBLE FLOW The ba sic e quatio ns of th e com pressi ble flo ws are 1. Continuity Equation, 2. Bernoulli’s Equation or Energy Equation, 3. Momentum Equation, 4. Equation of state. 1
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