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Slide 1
Notes= Yellow
Slide 2
There are two ways that scientists label the layers of the
Earth. Composition layers Physical layers
Slide 3
These are the more familiar layers. They are: Crust Ranges from
5 to 100 km in thickness Thinnest layer of the Earth Split into two
types: Continental and Oceanic Mantle Roughly 2900 km thick No one
has ever drilled to the mantle. It is also very hot Core Mostly
made of iron and nickel The cores diameter is roughly 6856 km
(about the size of Mars)
Slide 4
The less familiar layers are the physical layers. They are
based on how the layer looks or acts. Lithosphere rock sphere
(15-300 km) The tectonic Plates A combination of crust and the
upper region of the mantle Cold and brittle (easily broken)
Asthenosphere weak sphere (250 km) Hard rock that acts like warm
tar or honey
Slide 5
Mesosphere middle sphere (2550 km) Rest of the mantle Much
stronger and hotter than the Asthenosphere Outer Core (2200 km)
Liquid layer Inner Core (diameter= 2456 km) Solid, dense core of
the planet
Slide 6
Did you know?... The center of the Earths core is hotter than
the surface of the sun. The temperature of Earths inner core
reaches 6000 C whereas the surface of the sun is roughly 5500 C.
The suns core, however, is 15,000,000 C
Theory by Alfred Wegener Continental drift is the theory that
continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the
past. Puzzling observations that could be explained by continental
drift: Puzzle-like fit of the continents Fossils of the same plants
and animals found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean Strange
grooves cut by ancient glaciers that line up
Slide 9
With the idea that continents can drift apart, scientists felt
that some force had to be making these continents move. The theory
of plate tectonics developed as a way to explain continental
drift
Slide 10
Tectonic plates are large pieces of the lithosphere that move
around on top of the asthenosphere like icebergs in the ocean.
There are 10 major plates
Slide 11
The Core solid innersolid inner liquid outerliquid outer
density of 10-13 gm/cmdensity of 10-13 gm/cm The Mantle surrounds
the coresurrounds the core density of 3.3-5.7gm/cmdensity of
3.3-5.7gm/cm three distinct zonesthree distinct zones The Crust
oceanic - 3 gm/cmoceanic - 3 gm/cm continental - 2.7
gm/cmcontinental - 2.7 gm/cm Plate Tectonic Theory explains the
interactions of these zones
Slide 12
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earths lithosphere is
divided into large tectonic plates that move around on top of the
asthenosphere. All plates share boundaries with other plates, just
like states share borders.
Slide 13
There are three main types of boundaries Convergent When plates
push against each other Divergent When plates move away from each
other Transform When plates slide against each other Online
animations Online animations
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crust Inner core Outer core mantle
Slide 17
Joshua and Jennifer Mosser, Briar Woods High School Inner core
is solid and made of iron and nickel Outer core is liquid and made
of Fe, N, and lighter elements Mantle is largest layer and is
plastic-like (asthenosphere) Two (2) types of crust continental
(made of silicon and oxygen) and oceanic (made of iron and
magnesium)
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This movement of heat energy causes the tectonic plates to
move.
Slide 20
When oceanic plates collide with another oceanic plate or a
continental plate, one may be pushed under the other causing magma
to rise thus forming volcanoes.
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This movement of heat energy causes the tectonic plates to
move.
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Slide 25
How the Earths Core affects the travel of seismic waves. (After
C.F. Richter (1985) Elementary Seismology, W.H. Freeman) Mantle
INNER CORE S-wave shadow zone P-wave shadow zone
Slide 26
Volcanoes form at the ridge(s) and at the subduction zones