NOTES: Venus 0.95 DEarth Surface Temp. = 900 OF, Greenhouse effect. Atm. Pressure = 90 x Earth's 1. Atmosphere: 96% CO2, 3.5% Nitrogen. Clouds of sulfuric acid, su sulfur, indicating live volcanism? 2. Rotation: siderial--243 days, solar–117 days. 3. Surface Features: 27% Lowlands, 65% rolling plains, 8% highlands Cones, faults, craters, multiple lava flows. A. Ishtar Terra--US sized lava-filled basin--highlands B. Maxwell Montez--Everest's height--100 km Diam. Cleopatra, crater on it's flank. C. White magnetite (?) above 2.5 km. D. Surface--young to 800 million years--crater cycle. E. Surface too cracked to form plates, but molten core distorts surface with mantle convective flow. F. Atmosphere rotates much faster than surface creating wind features--impact ejected to west, s ridges. G. 100,000 small 'shield' volcanos--clusters due to hot spots, volcanic material near surface. No plumes show- H. Lava Channels--one 7,000 (!) Km long I. Calderas over 100 km in diameter. 4. Visiting Spacecraft: 1962-1975-Three Mariners (USA) rudimentary 1962--Venera--Soviet surface landing.
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A. Ishtar Terra--US sized lava-filled basin--highlandsB. Maxwell Montez--Everest's height--100 km Diam.
Cleopatra, crater on it's flank.C. White magnetite (?) above 2.5 km.D. Surface--young to 800 million years--crater cycle.E. Surface too cracked to form plates, but molten core
distorts surface with mantle convective flow. F. Atmosphere rotates much faster than surface creating wind features--impact ejected to west, streaks near ridges.
G. 100,000 small 'shield' volcanos--clusters due to hot spots, volcanic material near surface. No plumes show--high pressure.
H. Lava Channels--one 7,000 (!) Km long I. Calderas over 100 km in diameter.
Venus Express—2005-now. Orbiter put up by European Space Agency (ESA).Attempt to learn details of Venus’ atmosphere and movement,unveil current volcanism and cause of super-rotation – the 'mismatch' in rotation speeds between the cloud tops and the planet surface.