Notes - Springer978-1-137-02667... · 2017-08-25 · or architect Juhani Pallasmaa’s The Thinking Hand make strong arguments for the relation between creativity and the kinds of

162

Epigram

1 . Ernst Bloch, Atheism in Christianity (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972), 9

Preface

2 . White, C., ‘John Arthur Giles Gere 1921–1995’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 90: 1995 Lectures and Memoirs (London: The British Academy, 1996), 373

3 . Jacques Lacan, ‘Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in Hamlet’, trans. James Hulbert, Literature and Psychoanalysis, Shoshana Felman (ed.) (Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1989)

4 . Jacques Derrida, Dissemination, trans. Barbara Johnson (London: Athlone, 1978), 26

5 . Ibid.

1 Digitality

1 . Leonard Lawlor, This Is Not Sufficient: An Essay on Animality and Human Nature in Derrida ( New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 22–3

2 . Mikhail Epstein, ‘Post-Atheism: From Apophatic Theology to “Minimal Religion”’ in Mikhail N. Epstein, Alexander A. Genis and Slobodanka M. Vladiv-Glover (eds), Russian Postmodernism (Oxford, New York: Bergahn Books, 1999), 373–4

3 . Ibid. 4 . Ibid. 5 . http://homes.eff.org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html, accessed 15 December

2011. 6 . http://homes.eff.org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html, accessed 15 December

2011 7 . Michel Serres, Angels: A Modern Myth (Paris: Flammarion, 1995), 296 8 . Régis Debray, Transmitting Culture (New York: Columbia University Press,

2004), 39 9 . Ibid.

10 . Brian McNair, Cultural Chaos: Media in the Age of Dissolutions (London, New York: Routledge, 2006)

11 . Thomas L. Martin, ‘ On the Margin of God: Deconstruction and the Language of Satan in Paradise Lost ’, Milton Quarterly , 29 (2), (May 1995), 41–7

12 . Ibid. 13 . Colin Milburn, ‘Monsters in Eden: Darwin and Derrida’, MLN, 118

(2003), 618

Notes

Notes 163

14 . Ibid. 15 . Herbert McCabe, Law, Love and Language (London, Sydney: Sheed and

Ward), 39–40 16 . Ibid., 42 17 . Ibid., 41–2 18 . There have been a number of books examining the human hand either in

relation to culture generally or more specifically in relation to art, includ-ing Frank Wilson’s popular-science book The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture , and, from a more philosophical point of view, Raymond Tallis’ The Hand: a Philosophical Inquiry into Human Being. The recent work of sociologist Richard Sennett and his book The Craftsman , or architect Juhani Pallasmaa’s The Thinking Hand make strong arguments for the relation between creativity and the kinds of craft skills associated with the hand. Both, Sennett’s in particular, are influenced by the most famous advocate of handicraft, John Ruskin. This is echoed in books such as Malcolm McCullough’s Abstracting Craft: The Practiced Digital Hand , which makes a direct connection between contemporary digital creativity and older craft practices, and even starts with a quotation from William Morris. In his book Intangibilities of Form art critic John Roberts takes a different tack, suggesting that the Duchampian ready-made was part of the ‘the dia-lectic of skill-deskilling-reskilling’, which led from the craft skills tradition-ally associated with art to those connected to immaterial labour, and thus to conceptualism, relational aesthetics. By transforming the product of unfree constrained labour into the free act of the artist the ready-made brings out the totipotentiality of the hand and its relation to thought and speech.

19 . Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media (London, New York: Routledge, 2001)

20 . Ibid., 66 21 . Ibid. 22 . Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto

Press, 2011), 160 23 . Ibid., 137 24 . Marshall McLuhan, Letters of Marhall McLuhan (Oxford, New York: Oxford

University Press, 1987), 324 25 . André Leroi-Gourhan, Gesture and Speech (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press,

1992), 25 26 . Philip Schaff (ed.), Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series Volume V

Gregory of Nyssa: Dogmatic Treatises (New York: Cosima Press, 2007), 393 27 . Ibid., 395 28 . Leroi-Gourhan, Gesture and Speech , 25 29 . Ibid., 143–5 30 . Ibid., 26 31 . Ibid., 25 32 . Ibid., 74ff 33 . Ibid., 106 34 . Ibid., 221 35 . Ibid., 227 36 . Ibid., 228 37 . Ibid., 264

164 Notes

38 . Charles Lock, ‘The Tools of Grammatology’, The Semiotic Review of Books , 5 (2), (1994), 4–5

39 . Jacques Derrida, On Grammatology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976), 84–5

40 . Jacques Derrida, Paper Machine (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2005), 20

41 . Ibid., 21 42 . Jacques Derrida, On Touching – Jean- Luc Nancy (Stanford: Stanford University

Press, 2005), 300 43 . Martin McQuillan, ‘Toucher II: Keep Your Hands to Yourself Jean-Luc

Nancy’, Derrida Today , 2 (1), (2009), 88 44 . Ibid. 45 . Graham Ward, Cities of God (London, New York: Routledge, 2000), 176 46 . Nicolas Bourriaud, Relational Aesthetics (Dijon: Les presses du réel, 2002), 113

2 Theological Origins of the Digital

1 . Richard Beardsworth, ‘Thinking Technicity’ in McQuillan, Martin (ed.), Deconstruction: A Reader (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press), 236

2 . Plato, Protagoras and Meno , trans. W.K.C. Guthrie (London, New York: Penguin Books, 1956), 130–40

3 . Beardsworth, ‘Thinking Technicity’, 236 4 . Ibid., 237 5 . Ibid., 237–8 6 . Aristotle, On the Soul , trans. J.A. Smith (Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger

Publishing, 2004), 24 7 . Ibid., 26 8 . Ibid., 38 9 . Ibid., 35

10 . Ibid., 45 11 . Ibid. 12 . John Milbank and Catherine Pickstock, Truth in Aquinas (New York, London:

Routledge), 73 13 . Ibid., 74 14 . Milbank and Pickstock, Truth in Aquinas , 73 15 . Aristotle, On the Soul 16 . Jacques Derrida, On Touching – Jean- Luc Nancy (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford

University Press, 2005), 99–100 17 . Ibid., 100 18 . Ibid., 100–1 19 . Ibid., 101–2 20 . Glenn Most, Doubting Thomas (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,

2005) 21 . Thomas Aquinas, The Disputed Questions on Truth , trans. Robert W. Mulligan

(Chicago: Henry Regnere, 1952), 69 22 . Thomas, Aquinas, Summa Theologiae , Ia, Qu. 13, art. 3 23 . Andrew Greeley, The Catholic Imagination (Berkeley: University of California

Press, 2000), 22

Notes 165

24 . Milbank and Pickstock, Truth in Aquinas , 71 25 . Ibid. 26 . Thomas Aquinas, Quaestiones Disputatae, De Veritate , question 28, art. 3 27 . Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae , Volume 58 (3a, 73–8), ed., William

Barden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 201 28 . Ibid. 29 . Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England,

c. 1400–c.1580 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992), 91 30 . Ibid., 92 31 . Ibid., 93 32 . John Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400–1700 (Oxford, New York: Oxford

University Press, 1985), 57ff 33 . Ibid., 57 34 . Ibid., 72 35 . Ann W. Astell, Eating Beauty: The Eucharist and the Spiritual Arts of the Middle

Ages (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2006), 3 36 . Jacques Derrida, On Touching – Jean- Luc Nancy (Stanford: Stanford University

Press, 2005), 247 37 . Michael Gillespie, Nihilism Before Nietzsche (Chicago: Chicago University

Press, 1995), 14 38 . Ibid., 14 39 . Ibid., 13 40 . Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard

University Press), 71 41 . Gillespie, Nihilism before Nietzsche , 15 42 . Ibid., 16 43 . Ibid. 44 . Ibid. 45 . Ibid., 17 46 . Ibid. 47 . Ibid. 48 . Ibid., 18 49 . Ibid. 50 . Ibid., 19–20 51 . Ibid., 21 52 . Ibid., 23 53 . Ibid., 25 54 . Ibid., 23 55 . Ibid., 25 56 . Michel de Certeau, The Mystic Fable: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries .

Volume 1. trans. Michael B. Smith (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 82

57 . Graham Ward, ‘Barth, Modernity, and Postmodernity’ in John Bainbridge Webster (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 276

58 . De Certeau, Mystic Fable , 89 59 . Ibid., 276 60 . Graham Ward, Cities of God (London, New York: Routledge, 2000), 176 61 . Hal Foster (ed.), Vision and Visuality (Seattle: Bay Press, 1988), 6

166 Notes

62 . Ibid., 9 63 . Jacques Maritain, Three Reformers; Luther, Descartes, Rousseau (London: Sheed

and Ward, 1928), 54 64 . Karsten Harries, ‘Descartes, Perspective, and the Angelic Eye’, Yale French

Studies, No. 49, Science, Language, and the Perspective Mind: Studies in Literature and Thought from Campanella to Bayle (1973), 28–42

65 . Ibid., 33 66 . Ibid., 40 67 . René Descartes, Selected Philosophical Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1988), 84 68 . Ibid. 69 . Ibid., 58 70 . John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Oxford: Clarendon

Press, 1975), 145–6 71 . Denis Diderot, Thoughts on the Interpretation of Nature, and Other Philosophical

Works (Manchester: Clinamen Press, 1999), 172 72 . Ibid., 174 73 . Ibid. 74 . Friedrich Kittler, Discourse Networks 1800/1900 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford

University Press, 1990), 194 75 . Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science: With a Prelude in Rhymes and an

Appendix of Songs (New York: Vintage Books, 1974), 181 76 . Ibid. 77 . Ibid., 182 78 . Ibid. 79 . Martin Heidegger, Off the Beaten Track (Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2002), 160 80 . Ibid. 81 . Ibid., 163 82 . Ibid., 164 83 . Gillespie, Nihilism before Nietzsche , 28 84 . Mark C. Taylor, After God (Chicago, London: Chicago University Press,

2007), 383 85 . Gillespie, Nihilism before Nietzsche , 253 86 . Ibid. 87 . Ibid., 176 88 . Jean-Luc Nancy, Dis-Enclosure: The Deconstruction of Christianity (New York:

Fordham University Press, 2007), 119 89 . Ibid., 119 90 . Ibid. 91 . Ibid., 120 92 . Ibid., 117 93 . Ibid., 117–18 94 . Ibid., 120 95 . Ibid. 96 . Ibid., 121 97 . Ibid., 122

Notes 167

3 Deconstruction, Technics and the Death of God

1 . Bernard Stiegler, ‘Derrida and Technology: Fidelity at the Limits of Deconstruction and the Prosthesis of Faith’ in Tom Cohen (ed.), Jacques Derrida and the Humanities: A Critical Reader (Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 238

2 . Mark C. Taylor, Erring: A Postmodern A/ Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 6

3 . Geoffrey Bennington, Jacques Derrida (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 11

4 . Kevin Hart, The Trespass of the Sign: Deconstruction, Theology and Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 1

5 . Ibid. 6 . Ibid. 7 . Jacques Derrida, On Grammatology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University

Press, 1976), 283 8 . Walter Benjamin, Selected Writings; Volume 1 1913–1926 (Cambridge, Mass;

London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1996) 65 9 . Ibid., 67–8

10 . Ibid., 71 11 . Ibid., 70–1 12 . Ibid., 71–2 13 . Ibid., 72 14 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (New York: Routledge,

2001), 259 15 . Stephen Mulhall, Philosophical Myths of the Fall (Princeton, New Jersey:

Princeton University Press, 2005) 16 . Martin Hägglund, Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life (Stanford,

California: Stanford University Press, 2008), 17 17 . Ibid., 142. In passing, it is worth mentioning another version of the story of

the Fall, that found in the Gnostic text The Testimony of Truth , one of those found at Nag Hammadi. In this heretical and suppressed text, the serpent is not evil, but the wisest creature in Eden. As Elaine Pagels puts it, ‘Here the serpent, long known to appear in Gnostic literature as the principle of divine wisdom, convinces Adam and Eve to partake of knowledge while “the Lord” threatens them with death, trying jealously to prevent them from attaining knowledge, and expelling them from Paradise when they achieve it.’ Also noticeable in the Testimony of Truth is that God is not only a ‘malicious grudger’ but also, because he has to ask Adam where he is, without foreknowledge. Adam and Eve’s expulsion from Eden also requires that they labour for their livelihood, or in other words, use their hands to make their world. A sense that Adam and Eve’s labour gave them dignity inspired the Lollard priest and heretic John Ball’s famous question, ‘When Adam delved and Eve span, then who was the gentleman?’.

18 . Derrida, Acts of Religion , 104 19 . Ibid., 105, 109 20 . Ibid., 111

168 Notes

21 . Ibid., 109 22 . Leonard Lawlor, This Is Not Sufficient: An Essay on Animality and Human

Nature in Derrida (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 22–3 23 . Ibid., 23 24 . Hägglund, Radical Atheism , 82 25 . Ibid., 84 26 . Derrida, Acts of Religion , 102 27 . Hägglund, Radical Atheism 28 . Ibid., 2 29 . Ibid., 8 30 . Jacques Derrida, Dissemination , trans. Barbara Johnson, (London: Athlone,

1978), 108–9 31 . Ibid., 102 32 . Ibid., 130 33 . Ibid., 129 34 . Ibid., 130 35 . Ibid., 132–3 36 . Ibid., 131–3 37 . Ibid., 133 38 . Ibid. 39 . Ibid., 103 40 . Hägglund, Radical Atheism , 26 41 . Ibid., 27 42 . Ibid. 43 . Ibid., 27 44 . Jacques Derrida, Memoires: For Paul de Man , trans. Cecile Lindsay (New York:

Columbia University Press, 1989), 51 45 . Ibid. 46 . Ibid., 106–8 47 . Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art , Volume 1,

trans. J.M. Knox (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975), 11 48 . Derrida, Memoires: For Paul de Man , 65 49 . Ibid., 67 50 . Derrida, Of Grammatology , 26 51 . Taylor, Erring: A Postmodern A/ Theology 52 . Paul Crowther, Critical Aesthetics and Postmodernism (Oxford, New York:

Oxford University Press, 1993), 123 53 . Ibid., 124 54 . John Durham Peters, Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), 116–17 55 . Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference , trans. Alan Bass (London, Routledge,

1978), 196ff 56 . Ibid., 200–202 57 . Ibid., 201 58 . Ibid., 202 59 . Ibid., 198 60 . Ibid., 202 61 . Ibid. 62 . Ibid., 225

Notes 169

63 . Ibid. 64 . Ibid. 65 . Ibid., 226 66 . Ibid., 206f, 221f 67 . Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression , trans. Eric Prenowitz

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 19 68 . Ibid., 11 69 . Ibid., 11–12 70 . Ibid. 71 . Ibid. 72 . Richard Beardsworth, Derrida and the Political (London: Routledge, 1996),

149 73 . Ibid. 74 . Stiegler, Derrida and Technology, 249 75 . Ibid. 76 . Ibid., 238 77 . Ibid., 239

4 Derrida, Nancy and the Digital

1 . Jacques Derrida, On Touching – Jean-Luc Nancy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005), 152

2 . Ibid., 153 3 . Ibid., 154 4 . Ibid., 381 5 . Jacques Derrida, ‘Geschlecht II: Heidegger’s Hand’ in John Sallis (ed.),

Deconstruction and Philosophy: The Texts of Jacques Derrida (Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 168

6 . Ibid., 166 7 . Ibid., 169 8 . Ibid., 173 9 . Ibid., 168–9

10 . Ibid., 169 11 . Ibid., 178 12 . Ibid. 13 . Ibid., 181 14 . Jean-Luc Nancy, Corpus (Fordham: Fordham University Press, 2008), 185 15 . Ibid., 39 16 . Derrida, On Touching – Jean-Luc Nancy , 185 17 . Ibid., 179–80 18 . Ibid., 277–8 19 . Ibid., 279 20 . Ibid., 5 21 . Jean-Luc Nancy, Being Singular Plural (Stanford: Stanford University Press,

2000), 3 22 . Ibid., 2 23 . Ibid., 5 24 . Ibid., 7

170 Notes

25 . Ibid., 8 26 . Ibid., 9–10 27 . Ibid., 11 28 . Ibid., 14 29 . Ibid., 30 30 . Ibid., 39 31 . Ibid., 18 32 . Ibid., 16 33 . Nancy, Corpus , 83 34 . Ibid., 39 35 . Ibid., 109–10 36 . Ian James, The Fragmentary Demand: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Jean-

Luc Nancy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005), 143 37 . Nancy, Corpus , 109 38 . James, The Fragmentary Demand , 145 39 . Nancy, Corpus , 89 40 . Jean-Luc Nancy, The Muses (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), 2–3 41 . Ibid., 5 42 . Ibid., 8 43 . Ibid., 10 44 . Ibid., 11 45 . Ibid., 13 46 . Ibid., 16 47 . Ibid., 17 48 . Ibid., 18 49 . Ibid. 50 . Ibid., 21 51 . Ibid., 22–3 52 . Ibid., 22 53 . Ibid., 25 54 . Ibid. 55 . Ibid., 70 56 . Ibid., 73 57 . Ibid., 75 58 . Jean-Luc Nancy, Noli Me Tangere: On the Raising of the Body (New York:

Fordham University Press, 2008), 15 59 . Ibid., 16 60 . Ibid., 13 61 . Ibid., 45 62 . Ibid. 63 . Ibid., 47 64 . Ibid., 37 65 . Ibid., 49 66 . Ibid., 50

5 Darwin after Dawkins after Derrida

1 . J. Hillis Miller, The Disappearance of God: Five Nineteenth- Century Writers (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 272–3

Notes 171

2 . William Paley, Natural Theology, or, Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the Appearances of Nature (London: R Faulder, 1802), 1–2

3 . Charles Babbage, The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise: A Fragment (London: Cass, 1967), 150–1

4 . Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin (London: Penguin, 1992), 213 5 . Doron Swade, ‘Two Cultures: Computer Art and the Science Museum’ in

Paul Brown, Charlie Gere, Nicholas Lambert and Catherine Mason (eds), White Heat Cold Logic: Early British Computer Art (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2009), 205

6 . Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained (New York: Little Brown, 1991), 188

7 . Catherine Malabou, What Should We Do with Our Brain? (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 38

8 . Charles Darwin, On The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection (London: John Murray, 1857)

9 . Babbage, Bridgewater Thesis , 226–7 10 . Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin’s Notebooks, 1836–1844: Geology, Transmutation

of Species, Metaphysical Enquiries , Paul Barrett, Peter J. Gautrey, Sandra Herbert, David Kohn, and Sydney Smith (eds) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 413

11 . Darwin, On The Origin of the Species , 485–6 12 . Peter Fuller, Theoria: Art and the Absence of Grace (London: Chatto and

Windus, 1988) 13 . Ibid., 224 14 . Ibid., 227 15 . Ibid., 229–30 16 . Ibid., 229 17 . Ibid. 18 . Ibid. 19 . Ibid. 20 . Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (London: Penguin Books, 1991) 21 . Ibid., 44 22 . Ibid. 23 . Ibid., 45–6 24 . Ibid., 46 25 . Ibid. 26 . Ibid. 27 . Ibid., 47 28 . Ibid., 50 29 . Ibid., 55 30 . Ibid., 55–6 31 . Ibid., 56 32 . Ibid. 33 . Ibid., 60 34 . Ibid. 35 . Ibid, 59 36 . Ibid., 65 37 . Ibid., 73 38 . Ibid., 65

172 Notes

39 . Ibid., 65 40 . Jacques Derrida, Psyche: Inventions of the Other, Volume 1 (Stanford, Calif.:

Stanford University Press, 2007), 23 41 . Ibid., 23–4 42 . Ibid., 43 43 . Ibid., 44 44 . Colin Nazhone Milburn, ‘Monsters in Eden: Darwin and Derrida’, MLN

118.3 (2003), 609 45 . Ibid. 46 . Ibid., 610 47 . Ibid. 48 . Ibid., 606 49 . Jacques Derrida, On Grammatology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University

Press, 1976), 9 50 . Ibid., 165–6 51 . Christopher Johnson, System and Writing in the Philosophy of Jacques Derrida

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 190 52 . Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker , 60 53 . Jacques Derrida, Memoirs of the Blind: The Self =Portrait and other Ruins

(Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1993) 54 . Ibid., 2 55 . Ibid., 3 56 . Ibid., 5 57 . Ibid., 45 58 . Jacques Derrida, Memoirs of the Blind (Chicago: Chicago University Press,

1993), 124–6 59 . Ibid., 126 60 . Ibid. 61 . Ibid. 62 . Dawkins, Blind Watchmaker , 50 63 . Ibid., 5 64 . Jacques Derrida, Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews, 1971–2002

(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002), 231–2 65 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (London, New York:

Routledge, 2002), 79 66 . Ibid., 80 67 . Ibid., 98 68 . Ibid. 69 . Ibid., 9 70 . Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford, New York: Oxford University

Press, 1989), 192 71 . Ibid. 72 . John Langshaw Austin, How to Do Things with Words (Oxford, New York:

Oxford University Press, 1975), 13 73 . Ibid., 14–22 74 . Jacques Derrida, ‘Signature Event Context’, Glyph 2 (1977), 234 75 . Mark Dooley and Liam Kavanagh, The Philosophy of Derrida (Stocksfield:

Acumen Press, 2007), 48

Notes 173

76 . J. Hillis Miller, ‘The Critic as Host’ in Harold Bloom, Paul de Man, Jacques Derrida, Geoffrey Hartman, and J. Hillis Miller (eds), Deconstruction and Criticism (London, New York: Continuum, 2004), 179–80

77 . Ibid., 180 78 . Ibid., 181 79 . Richard Dawkins, The Devil’s Chaplain (New York: Houghton Mifflin

Harcourt, 2004) 145 80 . Miller, ‘Critic as Host’, 181 81 . Ibid. 82 . Ibid., 182 83 . Ibid., 207

6 Slitting Open the Kantian Eye

1 . Charles Harrison (ed.), Art in Theory, 1900–2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas (Oxford: Wiley, 2002), 252

2 . Kevin Hetherington, ‘From Blindness to Blindness: Museums, Heterogeneity and the Subject’ in John Law and John Hassard (eds), Actor Network Theory and After (Oxford, Malden Mass.: Blackwell, 1999)

3 . Ibid., 52 4 . Ibid., 54 5 . Ibid. 6 . Ibid., 56 7 . Ibid., 57 8 . Ibid., 58 9 . Ibid., 59

10 . Ibid., 61 11 . Ibid. 12 . Ibid., 63 13 . Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays (New

York: Harper and Row, 1977), 129 14 . Hetherington, ‘From Blindness to blindness’, 65 15 . Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York:

Vintage, 1979) 16 . Hetherington, ‘From Blindness to blindness’, 66 17 . Ibid. 18 . Ibid. 19 . Tony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum (London, New York: Routledge,

1995) 20 . Ibid., 63 21 . Ibid., 64 22 . Jonathan Crary, Techniques of the Observer (Cambridge Mass., London: MIT

Press, 1992), 6–7 23 . Ibid., 15 24 . Ibid., 18 25 . Michael Sandberg, ‘Effigy and Narrative: Looking at the Nineteenth

Century Folk Museum’ in Charney, L. and V.R. Schwartz (eds), Cinema and

174 Notes

the Invention of Modern Life (Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995)

26 . Ibid., 321 27 . Ibid., 322 28 . Hetherington, ‘From Blindness to blindness’, 68 29 . Ibid. 30 . Ibid., 69 31 . Ibid. 32 . Ibid. 33 . Ibid., 70 34 . Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment (London.

New York: Verso, 1979), 122 35 . Hans Magnus Enzensberger, ‘Constituents of a Theory of the Media’ in

John Hanhardt (ed.), Video Culture: A Critical Investigation (New York: Visual Studies Workshop Press. 1987), 98

36 . Ibid., 98–9 37 . Norman Bryson, ‘The Gaze in the Expanded Field’ in Foster, H. (ed.), Vision

and Visuality (Seattle: Bay Press, 1988) 38 . Ibid., 87–8 39 . Ibid., 88–9 40 . Ibid., 91 41 . Ibid. 42 . Ibid. 43 . Ibid., 92 44 . Ibid., 92–3 45 . Ibid., 94–6 46 . Ibid., 97 47 . Ibid. 48 . Ibid., 98 49 . Ibid., 97 50 . Ibid., 99 51 . Hetherington, ‘From Blindness to blindness’, 71 52 . Ibid.

7 The Work of Art in the Post Age

1 . Jacques Derrida, The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 29

2 . Ibid., 66 3 . Miller, J. “Stay! Speak, Speak. I Charge Thee, Speak: An Interview by Wang

Fengzhen and Shaobo Xie” Culture Machine [Online], Volume 2, 1 January 2000, http://www.culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/article/view/304/289 , accessed 1 May 2009

4 . Jacques Derrida, Margins of Philosophy , trans. Alan Bass (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982), 312

5 . Ibid. 6 . Ibid., 315 7 . Ibid., 315–16

Notes 175

8 . Ibid. 9 . Ibid., 317

10 . Jacques Derrida, Psyche: Inventions of the Other, Volume 1 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), 344

11 . Ibid., 345 12 . Jacques Derrida, ‘Demeure’ in Maurice Blanchot (ed.), The Instant of My

Death (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000), 45–6 13 . Quoted in Simon Glendinning, Arguing with Derrida (Oxford: Blackwell

Publishers, 2001), 90–1 14 . Ibid., 41–2 15 . Derrida, Margins of Philosophy , 327–9 16 . J. Hillis Miller, Speech Acts in Literature (Stanford: Stanford University Press,

2001), 60 17 . Ibid., 61 18 . Jacques Derrida, Paper Machine , trans. Rachel Bowlby (Stanford: Stanford

University Press, 2005), 64 19 . Jacques Derrida, ‘Of an Apocalyptic Tone Newly Adopted in Philosophy’

in Harold Cohen and Toby Foshay (eds) Derrida and Negative Theology (New York: SUNY Press, 1992), 49

20 . Ibid., 55 21 . Ibid., 56 22 . Ibid., 57 23 . Ibid.

8 Non-relational Aesthetics

1 . Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, 1962), 5

2 . Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy (London, New York: Methuen, 1982), 11 3 . http://p2pfoundation.net/P2P_Foundation: About, last accessed 4 January

2012 4 . Ibid. 5 . Ibid. 6 . Ibid. 7 . Ibid. 8 . Nicolas Bourriaud, Relational Aesthetics (Dijon: Les Presses du Réel, 2002),

112 9 . Ibid., 28

10 . Ibid. 11 . Grant Kester, ‘Dialogical Aesthetics: A Critical Framework For Littoral

Art’, Variant 9 (Winter 1999/2000), http://www.variant.org.uk/9texts/KesterSupplement.html 1999/2000, last accessed 4 January 2012

12 . Ibid. 13 . Ibid. 14 . Claire Bishop, ‘The Social Turn: Collaboration and Its Discontents’, Artforum

(February 2006), 179–85 15 . Jacques Derrida, Margins of Philosophy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

1985), 329

176 Notes

16 . Jacques Derrida, Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews, 1971–200 2 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002), 347

17 . Herman Rapaport, Later Derrida (London, New York: Routledge, 2002), 70 18 . Ibid. 19 . J. Hillis Miller, ‘Derrida Enisled’ in W.J.T. Mitchell and Arnold I. Davidson

(eds), The Late Derrida (Chicago, London: Chicago University Press, 2007), 47

20 . Jacques Derrida, The Gift of Death (Chicago, London: Chicago University Press 1995), 44

21 . Ibid., 41 22 . Ibid., 33 23 . Ibid., 54–5 24 . Ibid., 54 25 . Ibid., 55 26 . Ibid., 56 27 . Ibid., 57 28 . Ibid. 29 . Ibid., 60 30 . Ibid., 60–1 31 . Ibid., 61 32 . Ibid., 66–7 33 . Ibid., 77–8 34 . Ibid., 78 35 . Ibid., 67 36 . Ibid., 71 37 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (London, New York:

Routledge, 2001), 362 38 . Sharla Sava, ‘Ray Johnson’s New York Correspondance School: The Fine

Art of Communication’ in Donna de Salvo and Catherine Gudis (eds), Ray Johnson: Correspondences (New York, Paris: Flammarion, 1999), 121

39 . Ibid., 122 40 . Ibid. 41 . Ibid. 42 . Ibid., 126 43 . Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression , trans. Eric Prenowitz

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 2 44 . Ibid. 45 . Ibid. 46 . Ibid., 3 47 . Ibid. 48 . Ibid., 4 49 . Ibid., 7 50 . Jacques Derrida, Points ... interviews, 1974–1994, Elisabeth Weber (ed.)

(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995), 387 51 . Derek Attridge, The Singularity of Literature (London, New York: Routledge,

2004), 3 52 . Ibid. 53 . Ibid., 18 54 . Ibid., 19

Notes 177

55 . Ibid., 20 56 . Ibid., 28 57 . Ibid., 29 58 . Ibid. 59 . Ibid., 49 60 . Ibid., 124 61 . Ibid. 62 . Ibid., 128 63 . Charles Altieri, ‘Frank Stella and Jacques Derrida: Toward a Postmodern

Ethics of Singularity’ in Peter Brunette and David Wills (eds), Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture (Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994)

64 . Ibid., 169 65 . Ibid. 66 . Ibid. 67 . Ibid., 180 68 . Ibid., 181–2 69 . Ibid., 182–3 70 . Ibid., 183 71 . Ibid. 72 . Ibid., 184 73 . Ibid. 74 . Ibid. 75 . Ibid. 76 . Ibid., 185

9 Luther Blissett

1 . I have over 600 ‘friends’ on Facebook, far more than I have or am ever likely to have in the world of physical, face-to-face encounter. Many of these ‘friends’ I have never met or indeed had not heard of until they made a friend request. Some are either fictional or dead, including Luther Blissett and Jacques Derrida, as well a number of Iraqis killed in the recent conflict. Some are non-human or even inorganic. Against the grain of the kind of critique that sees such networks as inauthentic in relation to some notion of traditional community, I suggest that they offer a new understanding of community.

2 . Jacques Derrida, Politics of Friendship (London, New York: Verso, 1997), 14–15

3 . Ibid., 15 4 . Ibid. 5 . Ibid, 16 6 . Ibid., 19–20 7 . Ibid., 20 8 . Ibid. 9 . Ibid., 21

10 . Ibid., 8–9 11 . Ibid., 19

178 Notes

12 . Ibid., 9 13 . Ibid., 10 14 . Ibid. 15 . Ibid., 12 16 . Ibid. 17 . Ibid., 28 18 . Ibid., 21–2 19 . Ibid., 22 20 . Ibid., 28 21 . Nicholas Royle, Jacques Derrida (London: Routledge, 2003), 152 22 . Jacques Derrida, Memoires: For Paul de Man , trans. Cecile Lindsay (New York:

Columbia University Press, 1989), 32–3 23 . Ibid., 28–9 24 . Ibid., 34 25 . Royle, Derrida , 151 26 . Jacques Derrida, Points ... Interviews, 1974–1994 , Elisabeth Weber (ed.)

(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995), 143 27 . Derrida, Memoires , 49 28 . Ibid., 50 29 . Geoffrey Bennington, Jacques Derrida (Chicago: Chicago University Press,

1993), 104 30 . Ibid. 31 . Ibid., 105 32 . Ibid. 33 . Ibid. 34 . Ibid., 106 35 . Ibid. 36 . Ibid. 37 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (New York: Routledge,

2001), 46 38 . Jacques Derrida, ‘Justices’, Critical Inquiry, 31, (Spring 2005), 708 39 . Ibid., 709 40 . Ibid. 41 . Ibid. 42 . Ibid., 703 43 . Ibid., 690 44 . Ibid., 698 45 . J. Hillis Miller, The Disappearance of God: Five Nineteenth- Century Writers

(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 271 46 . Derrida, ‘Justices’, 701–2 47 . Ibid., 702 48 . Ibid. 49 . Ibid. 50 . Ibid., 702–3 51 . Ibid. 52 . Ibid. 53 . Miroslav Volf, Exclusion and Embrace: Theological Exploration of Identity,

Otherness and Reconciliation (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996)

Notes 179

54 . Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison (Canterbury: SCM Press, 2001), 134

55 . Žižek and Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ , 55 56 . Ibid., 82 57 . Ibid., 81 58 . Slavoj Žižek and John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic?

(London, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2009) 59 . Ibid., 713 60 . Ibid. 61 . Ibid. 62 . Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century

(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989), 314–15 63 . Ibid. 64 . Ibid. 65 . Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard

University Press, 2000), 413 66 . Marko Zlomislic, Jacques Derrida’s Aporetic Ethics (Lanham, Maryland:

Lexington Publishers, 2007), 320

10 Bartleby Off-Line

1 . Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? (Winchester, Washington: Zero Books, 2009), 39–40

2 . Perhaps the most egregious example of this in my particular world of work is the series of exercises auditing university research in the United Kingdom, known variously as the Research Audit Exercise (RAE) and, more recently, the Research Excellence Framework (REF). The inclusion of the word ‘excel-lence’ in the acronym is revealing, albeit unintentionally. In his book The University in Ruins , Bill Readings presents a coruscating critique of the con-temporary form of the university, the ‘university of excellence’, which has superseded the Kantian University of Ideas and the Humboldtian University of Culture.

3 . Herman Melville, Billy Budd, Sailor, and Other Stories (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, New York: Penguin, 1985), 57–101

4 . Ibid., 67 5 . Gilles Deleuze, Essays Critical and Clinical (Minneapolis: University of

Minnesota Press, 1993) 6 . Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard

University Press, 2000), 203 7 . Ibid., 204 8 . Ibid. 9 . Timothy Deines, ‘Bartleby the Scrivener, Immanence and the Resistance

of Community’, Culture Machine [Online], 8, 28 April 2008, last accessed 4 January 2012

10 . Slavoj Žižek, The Parallax View (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006), 381 11 . Giorgio Agamben, Potentialities: Collected Essays in Philosophy (ed. & trans.),

D. Heller-Roazen. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999), 244

180 Notes

12 . Ibid., 245 13 . Ibid. 14 . Ibid., 248–9 15 . Ibid. 16 . Ibid., 253 17 . Ibid. 18 . Ibid. 19 . Ibid., 255 20 . Ibid. 21 . Melville, Billy Budd , 99 22 . Agamben, Potentialities , 267 23 . Jacques Derrida, The Gift of Death (Chicago, London: Chicago University

Press 1995), 74 24 . Ibid., 75 25 . Deines, ‘Bartleby’

11 Exploding Plastic Universe

1 . John Lanchester, Whoops! Why Everyone Owes Everyone and No One Can Pay (London, New York: Penguin, 2010), 33

2 . Ibid.3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_(finance), accessed 4th July 2011. 4 . Lanchester, Whoops , 35. One of the wittier responses to the Black–Scholes

formula and its consequences is Black Shoals Stock Market Planetarium, a new media artwork by Lise Autogena and Joshua Portway, which shows ‘an animated night sky that is also a live representation of the world’s stock mar-kets, with each star representing a traded company’. This presentation is ‘fed by massive streams of live financial information, the stars glimmer and pulse, immediately flickering brighter whenever their stock is traded anywhere in the world’. The stars grow, shrink and group together according to the com-pany’s fortunes. Though this is not mentioned in their literature about the work, the use of a night sky as a representation of the stock market invokes for me the idea of astrology, another highly abstracted attempt to look into the future, that has been discredited. In fact, astrology is in some ways a more plausible form of prognostication inasmuch as it at least acknowledges a kind of randomness or contingency. Astronomical rather than astrological metaphors are also appropriate in that Black–Scholes could lead the market to collapse on itself, producing the financial equivalent of ‘black holes’.

5 . Ibid., 123 6 . Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan (London, New York: Allen Lane,

2007) 7 . Quentin Meillassoux, After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency

(London: Continuum, 2008) 8 . Ibid. 9 . Elie Ayache, Blank Swan: The End of Probability (Chichester: John Wiley and

Sons, 2010) 10 . Lanchester, Whoops , 63

Notes 181

11 . Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman, Chora L Works (New York: Monacelli Press), 3

12 . Jacques Derrida, Dissemination , trans. Barbara Johnson, (London: Athlone, 1978), 160

13 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (New York: Routledge, 2001), 59

14 . Ibid., 47 15 . Ibid. 16 . Ibid., 56 17 . Graham Ward (ed.), The Postmodern God (London, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell,

1997), xvi 18 . William Gibson, All Tomorrow’s Parties (New York: G.B. Putnam and Sons),

71 19 . Catherine Malabou, The Future of Hegel: Plasticity, Temporality and Dialectic

(London, New York: Routledge, 2004) 20 . Ibid., xliv 21 . Clayton Crockett, ‘Foreword’ in Catherine Malabou (ed.), Plasticity at the

Dusk of Writing (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010) 22 . Malabou, Future of Hegel , xi 23 . Ibid., xxxv 24 . Ibid., xxii 25 . Ibid., 8 26 . Ibid., 9–10 27 . Inke Arns, “Read_me, run_me, execute_me”, in: Code as Executable Text:

Software Art and its Focuson Program Code as Performative Text. www.medienkunstnetz.de , http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/themes/ generative-tools/ read _ me/ , accessed 1 May 2009

28 . Ibid. 29 . Ibid. 30 . Malabou, Future of Hegel , 8 31 . Ibid. 32 . Don Delillo, Underworld (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 825 33 . Ibid. 34 . Ibid. 35 . Ibid., 826

Conclusion

1 . Quentin Meillassoux, After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency (London: Continuum, 2008), 45

2 . Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux: Philosophy in the Making (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), 175–239

3 . Ibid., 237 4 . Ibid., 237–8 5 . Ibid., 225 6 . Michael O’Neill Burns, ‘The Hope of Speculative Materialism’ in Anthony

Paul Smith and Daniel Whistler (eds), After the Postsecular and the Postmodern:

182 Notes

New Essays in Continental Philosophy of Religion (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011)

7 . Ibid., 334 8 . Slavoj Žižek, The Parallax View (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006), 85 9 . Ibid.

10 . Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion , Gil Anidjar (ed.) (New York: Routledge, 2001), 372

11 . Robert Magliola, Derrida on the Mend (West Lafayette: Purdue University Press), 135

12 . G.K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1998), 139 13 . Jan Patocka, Heretical Essays (Chicago, La Salle: Open Court, 1996), 108 14 . Ibid., 108 15 . Ibid., 107 16 . Ibid. 17 . Jacques Derrida, The Gift of Death (Chicago, London: Chicago University

Press 1995), 28 18 . Simone Weil, Gravity and Grace (London, New York: Routledge, 2002), 115 19 . Bruce Holsinger, The Premodern Condition (Chicago, London: University of

Chicago Press, 2005), 118 20 . Ibid., 145–6 21 . Emmanuel Lévinas. ‘On the Trail of the Other’, trans. Daniel Hoy, Philosophy

Today , 10 (1966), 34–47 22 . Jacques Derrida, Points ... Interviews, 1974–1994 (Stanford: Stanford

University Press, 1992), 279 23 . Ibid. 24 . Ibid., 280 25 . Ibid., 282 26 . Carrie Rohman, Stalking the Subject: Modernism and the Animal (New York:

Columbia University Press, 2009), 140 27 . Ibid. 28 . Ibid. 29 . Ibid., 141 30 . Jean-Luc Marion, God Without Being (Chicago, London: Chicago University

Press, 1995), 161 31 . Ibid., 162 32 . Ibid., 164 33 . Ibid., 166 34 . Ibid., 166–7 35 . Ibid., 167 36 . Ibid., 176–7 37 . Ibid., 168 38 . Ibid., 169 39 . Ibid., 8 40 . Ibid., 9 41 . Ibid., 9–10 42 . Ibid., 17 43 . Ibid., 20 44 . Ibid., 21 45 . Ibid., 172

Notes 183

46 . Ibid., 175 47 . Marcus Pound, Theology, Psychoanalysis and Trauma (Canterbury: SCM Press,

2007) 48 . Ibid., 149 49 . Ibid., 154 50 . Ibid., 159 51 . Ibid., 159–60 52 . Ibid., 160 53 . Ibid, 160–1 54 . Rowan William, On Christian Theology (Oxford, Malden: Blackwell, 2000), 219 55 . Ibid. 56 . Ibid., 216 57 . Ibid., 217 58 . Ibid., 217–18 59 . Ibid., 199 60 . David Jones, Epoch and Artist: Selected Writings (London: Faber and Faber,

1973), 148 61 . Ibid., 149 62 . Ibid., 152–4 63 . Ibid., 155 64 . Ibid., 156 65 . Regina Mara Schwartz, Sacramental Poetics at the Dawn of Secularism

(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008) 66 . Ibid. 67 . Ibid., 7 68 . Ibid., 10 69 . Jones, Epoch and Artist , 165 70 . Ibid., 166 71 . Ibid., 167 72 . Ibid., 179 73 . Taylor, Erring , 103–4 74 . Michel de Certeau, The Mystic Fable: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries .

Volume 1, trans. Michael B. Smith (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 81

75 . Ibid., 82 76 . Graham Ward, Barth, Derrida and the Language of Theology (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1995), 248 77 . Jacques Derrida, The Work of Mourning (Chicago, London: The University of

Chicago Press, 2003), 148 78 . Ibid., 149 79 . Ibid 80 . Ibid., 151 81 . Ibid., 154 82 . Ian Almond, ‘Religious Echoes of the Errant Text: Darker Shades of Derrida’s

Pathless Way’, The Heythrop Journal , 44 (3), (2003), 294–304 83 . Steven Shakespeare, Derrida and Theology (London, New York: T & T Clark,

2009), 75 84 . Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference , trans. Alan Bass (London, Routledge,

1978), 228

184 Notes

85 . Shakespeare, Derrida and Theology, 76 86 . J.D. Caputo, More Radical Hermeneutics: On Not Knowing Who We Are

(Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2000), 139 87 . Ibid., 138 88 . Lucy Lippard, ‘The Spirit and the Letter,’ Art in America , 80 (4) (April 1990),

238–45 89 . Ibid. 90 . Shusako Endo, Silence (London: Peter Owen, 2007) 91 . Ibid., 124 92 . ‘Anathema’, The Catholic Encyclopedia , http://www.newadvent.org/

cathen/01455e.htm, last accessed 20 January 2011 93 . Jones, Epoch and Artist , 124–5

185

Index

Abraham, 16, 17, 104–6, 133–4Adam and Eve, 39–40Adorno, Theodor, 86aesthetics, relational, 15–16, 100–13Agamben, Giorgio, 132–3Alféri, Pierre, 34Almond, Ian, 158Altieri, Charles, 16, 111–13Altizer, Thomas, 37analogical imagination, 22anamnesis, 18–19, 155anathemas, 160–1angelism, 2–4, 17, 30, 155animals, 148–9

behaviour of, 6naming of, 41

anonymity, 125–6anthropocentricism, 148–9Apple Computer, 39Aquinas, Thomas, 8, 12, 21, 22–5archives, 109–10Aristotle, 8, 19–25, 114–15, 132, 152Arns, Inke, 17, 139–40art, 13–14, 48, 154–5

avant-garde, 14–15, 80, 107conceptual, 108–9contemporary, 159culture and, 61–2generative, 139–40hospitality and, 16, 107–9mail, 15, 16, 93–9modern, 66, 135plurality of, 58, 59–60postmodern, 66relational, 15–16, 100–13Renaissance, 81–2sacrament and, 155–6software, 17, 139–41technics and, 58–9telecommunications and, 15, 93–9touch and, 59–60visual, 84–5

artists, 102

Astell, Ann W., 24atheism, 43–4, 143Attridge, Derek, 110–11Austin, J.L., 77, 97avant-garde, 14–15, 80, 107Averroes, 21–2Ayache, Elie, 137

Baader, Johannes, 126–7Babbage, Charles, 14, 64–5Babel, Tower of, 41–2Bacon, Francis, 1–2, 13, 29, 82banking crisis, 137Barden, William, 23Barlow, John Perry, 3Barnes, Djuna, 149Barth, Karl, 157‘Bartleby the Scrivener’ (Melville),

16–17, 129–34Bauwens, Michael, 100–1Beardsworth, Richard, 18, 19Benjamin, Walter, 40–1, 158–9Bennett, Tony, 83–4Bennington, Geoffrey, 118Berners Lee, Tim, 87BioMorph, 67–70bipedality, 9–10Bishop, Claire, 102Black Monday, 136, 137Black-Scholes formula, 135–6blindness, 14, 30–2, 73–5, 80–1,

91–2, 139Blissett, Luther, 16, 114–28blogs, 1, 4–7body, 54–8

of Christ, 21, 149, 153–4, 156–7as medium, 20–1

body-soul duality, 18–19, 28Bossy, John, 24Bourriaud, Nicholas, 101Braille, Louis, 32brain, human, 10–11Bryson, Norman, 29, 88, 89, 90

186 Index

Bunuel, Luis, 15, 85, 91Burns, Michael O’Neill, 143

capitalism, 16, 17, 129–31Caputo, John, 158–9Catholic Church, 28, 35, 149, 150–1,

156, 160see also Christianity

Catholic imagination, 22cave paintings, 13, 60–1chaos, 4–5Chora, 138Christ, 17, 21, 37, 61–2, 99, 105,

120–4, 145, 149–61Christianity, 13, 16, 17, 21–30, 34–7,

57, 61, 145–57cinema, 84Close, Chuck, 109collatorized debt obligations

(CDOs), 137common sense, 8communication, 48, 77, 94

of abstraction, 40angels and, 2–4one-way, 86two-way, 87–8

communications technologies, see information communication technologies

community, 1, 8, 103communications technologies and,

8–9negative, 16religion and, 24, 150touch and, 13–14, 55–6

computer programs, 14, 64–5, 67, 78, 139–40

computers, 38–9, 64–5computer viruses, 78conceptual art, 108–9conceptualism, 25Condillac, 94consciousness, 49–50contact, 8–9, 55

see also touchcontrol paradigm, 4Corpus Christi, feast of, 25Crary, Jonathan, 84Crockett, Clayton, 139

cultural chaos, 4culture, 61–2, 110

see also digital culturecumulative selection, 68cyberspace, 138

Dadaists, 126–7Dali, Salvador, 15, 85, 91Dante, 25, 39Darwin, Charles, 14, 32, 35, 65–6,

71–3Dawkins, Richard, 14, 67–79, 123–4death, 16, 50, 56, 62, 103–4, 115–18,

157–8Death of God, 1, 13, 32–4, 37–9,

44, 141de Biran, Maine, 53Debray, Régis, 4de Certeau, Michel, 156–7‘A Declaration of Independence for

Cyberspace’ (Barlow), 3deconstruction, 5, 13, 17, 35–52, 72,

77–8, 137–8, 158–9Deines, Timothy, 132, 134Deleuze, Gilles, 131Delillo, Don, 141demons, 4–6, 146–7Dennett, Daniel, 65derivatives, 135–6Derrida, Jacques, 5–6, 11–16

on Bartleby, 133–4on Christ, 21Christianity and, 147–8Darwin and, 71–3deconstruction and, 37–52, 72,

77–8, 137–8ethics and, 111–12on Freud, 48–51on friendship, 16, 114–15on God, 105–6liturgical sensibility in, 17on mourning, 116–18on Nancy, 53–62nominalism and, 34–5on spiritual touching, 24–5on writing, 94–6, 98–9, 103

Descartes, René, 13, 29–31, 34determination, 73dialectic, 138–9

Index 187

Diderot, Denis, 31–2digital, meanings of, 7–8, 13, 53digital culture

core beliefs of, 1origins of, 12–13, 18–36rise of, 39touch and, 12

digital networks, 1digital rights, 3digital technology, 1–2, 8–9drawing, 73–5Duchamp, Marcel, 14–15, 80, 85, 108Duffy, Eamon, 23–4

Eckhart, Meister, 28economic crisis, 135–8ego, 97–8Electronic Frontier Foundation, 3embodiment, 18–20, 22, 30empiricism, 31Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 86–7Epstein, Mikhail, 2ethics, 75, 89, 105, 110–12Eucharist, 24–5, 28, 54, 149–54, 157evil, 41–3evolution, 14, 32, 65–6, 71–3exhibitionary complex, 83–4eyes, 73

see also sight/seeing

Facebook, 1, 8, 16, 114faith, 75–6, 78–9, 115Fall, 40, 43fallen angels, 4–6financial crisis, 135–8fingers, 13Flickr, 15, 91forkbomb, 140–1Foucault, Michel, 82–4Fountain (Duchamp), 14–15, 85, 108Frankfurt School, 86Free Spirit movement, 127free will, 13, 29, 42Freud, Sigmund, 48–51, 59, 116friendship, 16, 114–28Fuller, Peter, 66–7

Gabutti, Diego, 125–6galleries, 107–8

Garden of Eden, 39–40gaze, 29, 83, 88–91, 151generative art, 139–40Gillespie, Michael, 26–7, 34–5global village, 100, 102–3God, 1, 2, 13–19, 22, 104–6, 115,

138–9, 145–6, 151, 158see also Christas craftsman, 63–4death of, 1, 13, 32–4, 37–9,

44, 141duty to, 105existence of, 142–3as imaginary friend, 123–4incarnation of, 159–60nominalism and, 28omnipotent, 25–9potentiality of, 132–3as rational, 25relation between man and, 23solitude of, 120–2

grasping, 53–4Greeley, Andrew, 22

Hägglund, Martin, 43, 46–7, 143handicraft, 8, 63–4hands, 7–10, 13, 23, 30, 53–4handwriting, 54Hansen, Rasmus Malling, 32haptocentrism, 25Hardt, Michael, 26, 127, 131–2Harries, Karsten, 30Hart, Kevin, 39Hegel, G.W.F., 47–8, 138, 152Heidegger, Martin, 34, 35, 53–4,

82, 148Herschel, Sir John, 65heterogeneity, 14–15, 82–5, 91–2Hetherington, Kevin, 80–3, 85, 91–2Holsinger, Bruce, 17, 147–8Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 63,

119–20, 128Horkheimer, Max, 86hospitality, 16, 17, 77–8, 106–9, 145human evolution, 9–11humanism, 148–9humanualism, 53, 54Hume, David, 137Humphreys, Nicholas, 76

188 Index

hylomorphism, 19hypomnesis, 51–2

icons, 151–2idolatry, 150–1idols, 151–2individualism, 26, 27infinity, 81information communication

technologies, 8–9intellectual property, 101Internet, 87–8, 90–1, 98invention, 14, 70–1irrationality, 17Isaac, 104–6, 133–4

Jacob, François, 72James, Ian, 58James, William, 31Jay, Martin, 29Jesus, see ChristJohnson, Christopher, 72Johnson, Ray, 16, 108–9John XXII (pope), 26Jones, David, 154–5, 160–1Judaism, 17

Kant, Immanuel, 42, 83, 113Kantian correlationism, 137Kantian eye, 14–15, 80–92Kawara, On, 15, 93–4, 96–8Kester, Grant, 101–2Kierkegaard, Søren, 104–5, 143, 153knowledge, 27–8, 40

embodiment of, 18–20, 30faith and, 75–6senses and, 30–2

Lacan, Jacques, 88, 89, 90, 153Lanchester, John, 135language, 10, 11, 38, 39–42, 99Last Supper, 154, 156Leakey, Louis B., 10Leroi-Gourhan, André, 9–11, 13, 51Lévinas, Immanuel, 107, 148linear perspective, 81, 83liturgical Christianity, 17, 147–8, 156Lock, Charles, 11

Locke, John, 31logocentrism, 11–12Lorenz, Konrad, 6love, 115Luther Blissett Project, 124–7

Magliola, Robert, 144–5mail art, 15, 16, 93–9Malabou, Catherine, 17, 65, 138–41Man, Paul de, 47–8, 116Marin, Louis, 157–8Marion, Jean-Luc, 149–53Maritain, Jacques, 30Martin, Thomas L., 5Marx, Karl, 127Mary Magdalene, 61, 157McCabe, Herbert, 6Mclean, Alex, 140McLuhan, Marshall, 8–9, 100, 102–3McNair, Brian, 4McQuillan, Martin, 12media

industry, 86new, 1–2, 48

mediaeval theology, 13, 18–36medium, 1–2

body as, 20–1of touch, 20–1

Meillassoux, Quentin, 17, 136–7, 142–3, 150

Melville, Herman, 16–17, 129–34meme, 76memory, 10–11, 47–50Meno (Plato), 18–19metaphysics, 18–19, 38, 39, 79, 124Michael of Caesna, 26Middle Ages, 12–13, 18–36Milbank, John, 20–1, 23Milburn, Colin, 5–6, 71–2Miller, J. Hillis, 16, 77–9, 93, 97–8,

103, 118–20, 124Milton, John, 4–5moderate realism, 19, 25–6modern art, 66, 135modernity, 8, 26, 29, 30, 84Molyneux, William, 31Monad, Jacques, 72monsters, 5–6, 71–2

Index 189

Moore, Henry, 66morality, 6mourning, 16, 116–18, 157–8museums, 83–6, 88, 91Mutt, Richard, 80MySpace, 16, 114

names/naming, 16, 27, 117–19Nancy, Jean-Luc, 9, 13–14, 35,

53–62, 148natural selection, 65–6, 74natural theology, 14negative community, 16Negri, Antonio, 26, 127, 131–2neologism, 44networks, 1, 38–9, 100–1

peer-to-peer, 1, 8social, 16, 114–28

new media, 1–2, 48Nietzsche, Friedrich, 13, 30, 32–4, 35,

54, 74, 79nihilism, 12, 13, 17, 30, 34, 79,

89–90, 147Nishitani, Keiji, 89–90nominalism, 12, 13, 26–9, 34–5nuclear weapons, 39

Ockham’s razor, 27Office Space (film), 129–30Ong, Walter, 100open source software, 1optics, 28O’Reilly, Bill, 7Other/otherness, 56, 110–11,

150–1, 158Otto, Rudolf, 104

Paley, Charles, 14Paley, William, 63–4, 66–7, 74Panopticon, 82–3Paradise Lost (Milton), 4–5parasites, 77–9parent-child relationship, 145Patocka, Jan, 146–7Paul, St., 17, 145, 151Peckham, John, 25peer-to-peer networks, 1, 8perspective, 29, 30, 81, 83

Peters, John Durham, 48pharmakos, 44–5photography, 84Pickstock, Catherine, 20–1, 23, 147Piss Christ (Serrano), 159–60plasticity, 17, 138–41Plato, 13, 18–19, 38, 44–5, 51,

146, 147‘Plato’s Pharmacy’ (Derrida), 44–5Ponge, Francis, 14postal system, 93–4The Post Card (Derrida), 93postcards, 93–4postmodern art, 66postmodernism, 35, 38–9potentiality, 132–3Pound, Marcus, 153–4Poverty Dispute, 26predetermination, 73proper names, 16proximity, 9psychoanalysis, 50–1

radical atheism, 43–4, 143radio, 86Rancière, Jacques, 102Rapaport, Herman, 103realism, 19, 25–6, 136–7reciprocity, 86–8recollection, 18–19relational aesthetics, 1, 15–16, 100–13relationality, 1, 8religion, 2, 12–13, 16, 142–4

see also Christianitycommunity and, 24, 150mediaeval, 23–4rituals, 24–5

remote touching, 12Renaissance art, 81–2representation, 29resistance, 16–17, 129–34Resurrection, 37, 157–8Risset, Jacques, 55rituals, religious, 24–5, 143–4Rohman, Carrie, 149Rorty, Richard, 29Royle, Nicholas, 117Rushd, Ibn, 21–2

190 Index

sacraments, 149, 153–6sacrifice, 104–6, 123, 133–4,

143–4, 148Sandberg, Mark B., 84Sartre, Paul, 88–90Satan, 5–6Saunderson, Nicholas, 31scholasticism, 22–36Schwartz, Regina, 155–6science, 27–8Scotus, Duns, 12, 16, 25–6, 119,

120, 127–8Searle, John, 77, 94seeing, 28, 29, 88–9self-determination, 28self-touching, 54–5senses, 19–20, 30–2, 59, 60Serrano, Andres, 159–60Serres, Michel, 3–4Shakespeare, Steven, 158Sierra, Kathy, 6–7sight/seeing, 88–90, 139, 151signifier, 89signs, 155–6singularity, 56–7, 110–12social media, 1social memory, 10–11social networks, 16, 100–1,

114–28Socrates, 18software art, 17, 139–41soul, 18–19, 23, 146–7space, 46–7speculative realism, 136–7speech, 11, 94spiritual touching, 24–5Staten, Henry, 72Stella, Frank, 16, 111–13stereoscopy, 84St. Gregory of Nyssa, 9–10Stiegler, Bernard, 37, 51–2Stieglitz, Alfred, 80Strawson, P.F., 9strong realism, 19subprime mortgages, 137Surrealism, 85Swade, Doron, 64

Tarkovsky, Andrei, 143–4Taylor, Mark C., 37, 48, 156–7technicity, 58technics, 13–14, 39, 48, 51–4,

59–60technologies

communications, 8–9digital, 1–2virtual, 12of vision, 84

telecommunications, 15, 93–9telegrams, 94, 96–7tele-haptology, 12telephone, 87television, 8, 86Tempier, Etienne, 25theology, 13, 157

Death of God, 37–9mediaeval, 13, 18–36natural, 14

Thomas, St., 25–6time, 46–7, 139, 152tool use, 10–11touch, 8–14, 19–23, 30, 53–62,

141art and, 59–60Christianity and, 61community and, 13–14, 55–6Eucharist and, 24–5knowledge and, 30–2spiritual, 24–5

touch screens, 12Tower of Babel, 41–2traces, 2Tracy, David, 22transubstantiation, 150, 153–4Trinity, 17, 144–5Twitter, 1

unforgetting, 18–19universalism, 17, 145Universals, 26, 27univocalism, 12, 22, 26upright posture, 9–10

vanishing point, 81, 83, 88–9virtual technologies, 12

Index 191

vision, 28, 29, 30, 73–4, 84, 88–90see also sight/seeing

visual arts, 84–5Volf, Miroslav, 122–3

Wales, Jimmy, 7Ward, Graham, 13, 28, 29, 138, 157waste, 158–9Weil, Simone, 147William of Ockham, 12, 26–7Williams, Rowan, 154–5

Wilson, E.O., 66Wood, Beatrice, 80World Wide Web, 91writing, 5, 11, 15, 38, 39, 44, 48–50,

73–4, 94–6, 98–9, 103Writing Ball, 32

YouTube, 1

Žižek, Slavoj, 17, 121–3, 132, 143, 153Zlomislic, Marko, 127–8