Notes INTRODUCTION 1. J . Milroy, The Language of Gerard Manley Hopkins (London: Deutsch, 1977) p. 39. 2. Cf 'If I read a book [and] it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me I know that is poetry. If! feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know tluu is poetry. These are the only way I know it. Is there any other way?' (Emily Dickinson in a letter to Thomas Higginson) see T. H. Johnson and T . Ward, The Letters of Emily Dickinson (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958) vol. II, pp. 473-4. 3. J. Culler, Structuralist Potties (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975) ch .8 . 4. For an interesting critique of new readings see R. Levin, New Readings vs. Old Plays (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979). 2 VARIETIES 1. See for example Dolores M. Burton, Shakespeare 's Grammatical Style (Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1973). 2. K. Muir, 'Shakespeare and Rhetoric', Shakespeare ]ahrbuch 90 (1964) 60; and Kenneth Hudson, 'Shakespeare's use of Colloquial Language', SS23 (1970) 39-48. 3. A. R. Humphreys (ed.), The First Part of King Henry IV, 6th edn (London: Methuen, 1966) p. 37. 4. P. J. Gillett , 'Me, U, and Non-U: Class Connotations of Two Shakespearean Idioms', Shakespeare Q!uJrterly, 25 (1974) 297-309. 3 VOCABULARY 1. K. Muir (ed.), King Lear, 9th edn (London: Methuen, 1972) p. 133. 2. V. Salmon, 'Some Functions of Shakespearean Word-Formation', SS 23 (1970) 13-26. 3. Hilda M. Hulme, Explorations in Shakespeare's Language (London: Longman, 1962). 4. Richard Farmer , 'Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare' ,in D. Nichol 138
17
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Notes - rd.springer.com978-1-349-19991-4/1.pdf · Select Bibliography GENERAL REFERENCE ABBOTT, E. A. A Shakespearian Grammar, rev. edn (London: Macmillan, 1872). ALEXANDER, P. William
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Notes
INTRODUCTION
1. J . Milroy, The Language of Gerard Manley Hopkins (London: Deutsch,1977) p. 39.
2. Cf 'If I read a book [and] it makes my whole body so cold no fire evercan warm me I know that is poetry. If! feel physically as if the top of my headwere taken off, I know tluu is poetry. These are the only way I know it. Isthere any other way?' (Emily Dickinson in a letter to Thomas Higginson) seeT. H. Johnson and T . Ward, The Letters of Emily Dickinson (Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958) vol. II, pp . 473-4.
3. J. Culler, Structuralist Potties(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975)ch.8.
4. For an interesting critique of new readings see R. Levin , New Readingsvs. OldPlays(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979).
2 VARIETIES
1. See for example Dolores M . Burton, Shakespeare 's Grammatical Style(Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1973).
2. K. Muir, 'Shakespeare and Rhetoric', Shakespeare ]ahrbuch 90 (1964)60; and Kenneth Hudson, 'Shakespeare's use of Colloquial Language',SS23 (1970) 39-48.
3. A. R . Humphreys (ed .), The First Part of King Henry IV, 6th edn(London : Methuen, 1966) p . 37.
4. P . J. Gillett , 'Me, U , and Non-U: Class Connotations of TwoShakespearean Idioms', Shakespeare Q!uJrterly, 25 (1974) 297-309.
3 VOCABULARY
1. K. Muir (ed .) , King Lear, 9th edn (London: Methuen, 1972) p. 133.2. V. Salmon, 'Some Functions of Shakespearean Word-Formation', SS
23 (1970) 13-26.3. Hilda M . Hulme, Explorations in Shakespeare's Language (London:
Longman, 1962).4. Richard Farmer, 'Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare' ,in D. Nichol
138
139
Smith Eighteenth Century Essays on Shaluspeare (Glasgow : MacLehose, 1903)p.173.
5. Quoted in T. J. B. Spencer (ed.), Shaluspeare's Plutarch (Harmondsworth : Penguin Books, 1964) p. 201.
6. P. A. JJIlrgensen, Redeeming Shaluspeare's Wordr (Berkeley and London:University of California Press, 1962).
7. Another passage (lH6 II v 10ff.) is analysed by R. Quirk, in'Shakespeare and the English Language' in his The Linguist and the EnglishLanguage (London: Arnold, 1974)pp. 61-2.
4 THE NOMINAL GROUP
1. The grammatical terms employed are those particularly associatedwith systemic grammar, but the majority are found in most modemgrammars other than those based on a transformational generative model.See, for example, R. Quirk tt al., A Grammar of Contemporary English (London:Longman, 1972), and M . Berry, Introduction to Systemic Linguistics, 2 vols(London: Batsford, 1975-7).
2. J. M. Lothian and T . W. Craik, Twelfth Night, 2nd edn (London:Methuen, 1975) p. 10" 'Mellow' is an adj., not a transitive vb . (as might besupposed from F's punctuation).II
3. M. R. Ridley, Antony and Cleopatra (London: Methuen , 1954) pp. 612, see note to II ii 232.
4. Lothian and Craik, Twelfth Night p. 71, see note to II v 171.5. E. A. Abbott, A Shakespearian Grammar, rev . edn (London: Macmillan
1872) §430.6. E. A. J. Honigmann, KingJohn, 4th edn (London: Methuen, 1954)
p.57.7. Ibid ., p . 14.
6 ADVERBS . PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS
1. J. H . P. Pafford, The Winter's Tale(London: Methuen , 1963) p. 68, seenote to III iii 48-9.
7 WORD ORDER AND SENTENCE TYPES
1. V. Salmon, 'Early Seventeenth-Century Punctuation as a Guide toSentence-Structure', in her The Study of Language in 17th-Century England(Amsterdam: Benjamin, 1979) pp. 47-60. The standard book is P. Simpson,Shaktspearian Punctuation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1911).
2. Abbott, A Shaktspearian Grammar S382.3. See for example Dolores M. Burton, Shaluspeare 's Grammatical Style
(Austin and London: University of Texas Press , 1973); V. Salmon ,'Sentence Structures in Colloquial Shakespearian English', Transactions ofthePhilological Society (1965) 105-40; and Kay Wikberg, Yes-No Questions andAnswersin Shakespeare's Plays. A Study in Text Linguistics (Abo: Abo Akademi ,1975).
ABBOTT, E. A. A Shakespearian Grammar, rev . edn (London: Macmillan, 1872).ALEXANDER, P. William Shakespeare, The Complete Works (London and
Glasgow : Collins, 1951).BROOK , G. L. The Language ofShakespeare (London: Deutsch, 1976).FRANZ, W. Die Sprache Shakespeares in Vers und Prosa, 4th edn of Shakespeare
Grammatik(Halle: Niemeyer, 1939).HINMAN, C . The Norton Facsimile: The First Folio of Shakespeare (New York : W.
W. Norton; London: Hamlyn, 1968).McMANAWAY, JAMES G. and ROBERTS, JEANNE A, A Selective Bibliography of
ONIONS, C. T . A Shakespeare Glossary, 2nd edn with enlarged addenda (Oxford:Clarendon 1953).
SCHMIDT, A. Shakespeare Lexicon , 3rd edn rev . by G. Sarrazin, 2 vols (NewYork : Bloom, 1936).
SPEVACK , M. A Complete andSystematic Concordance to the Works of Shakespeare, 8vols (Hildesheim: Olms, 1968-75).
WELLS, S. Shakespeare: Select Bibliographical Guides (London: Oxford UniversityPress, 1973).
STUDIES
BALDWIN, THOMAS W. William Shakespeare's Small Latins & Lesse Greek«, 2 vols(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1944).
BLAND, D. S. ' Shakespeare and the "Ordinary" Word', SS4 (1951) 49-55.BRADBROOK, M. 'Fifty Years of the Criticism of Shakespeare's Style: A
Retrospect', SS7 (1954) 1-11.BYRNE, M. ST CLARE 'The Foundations of Elizabethan Language', SS 17
(1964) 223-39.CARROLL, WILLIAM C. The Great Feast of Language in 'Love's Labour's Lost'
(Princeton NJ , Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1976).140
141
CHARNEY, MAURICE Style in 'Hamlet' (Princeton NJ : Princeton UniversityPress; London: Oxford University Press, 1969) .
CORMICAN, L. A. 'Medieval Idiom in Shakespeare', Scrutiny 17 (1950-1)186-202,298-317.
CUSACK, B. •Shakespeare and the Tune of the Time', SS23 (1970) 1-12.DAHL, L. Nominal Style in the Shakespearean Soliloquy (Turku: Turun Yliopisto,
1969) .DORAN , M. Shakespeare's Dramatic Language (Madison, Wise. and London:
University ofWisconsin Press, 1976).ELLIS, HERBERT A. Shakespeare's Lusty Punning in 'Love's Labour's Lost', with
ContemporaryAnalogues (The Hague: Mouton, 1973).EVANS, B. I. The Language oj Shakespeare's Plays, 2nd edn (London: Methuen,
1959).EWBANK, 1-5. 'Hamlet and the Power of Words' ,SS30 (1977) 85-102 .FRASER, R. A. Shakespeare's Poetics in Relation to 'King Lear ' (London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962) .GILLETT, P. J . 'Me, U and Non-U: Class Connotations of Two
Shakespearean Idioms', Shakespeare Quarterly25 (1974) 297-309.GOLDSMITH, U. K. 'Words out of a Hat? Alliteration and Assonance in
Shakespeare's Sonnets' ,jEGP49 (1950) 33-48.GRIVELET, M. 'Shakespeare as "Corrupter ofWords" ',SS 16 (1963) 70-6.HART, A. 'Vocabularies of Shakespeare's Plays', Review oj English Studies 19
(1943) 128-40_HAWKES, T . Shakespeare's Talking Animals (London: Arnold, 1973).HUDSON, K. 'Shakespeare's Use of Colloquial Language', SS23 (1970)
39-48.HULME, H. M. 'The Spoken Language and the Dramatic Text: Some Notes
on the Interpretation of Shakespeare's Language', Shakespeare Quarterly 9(1958) 379-86.
Explorations in Shakespeare's Language (London: Longmans,1962).
----- 'Shakespeare's Language', in J. Sutherland and J. Hurstfield(eds), Shakespeare's World(London : Arnold, 1964).
Yours that Read Him: An Introduction to Shakespeare's Language(London: Ginn, for Shakespeare Workshop, 1972).
HUME, ROBERT D. 'Individuation and Development of Character throughLanguage' , ShakespeareQuarterly 24 (1973) 280-300.
JOSEPH, SISTER MIRIAM Shakespeare's Use oj the Arts of Language (New York :Hafner, 1947).
KAKIETEK, P. Modal Verbs in Shakespeare's English (Poznan : Universytet imAdama Mickiewicza, 1972).
J¢RGENSEN, PAUL A. Redeeming Shakespeare's Words (Berkeley, Calif. andLondon: University of California Press, 1962).
KOKERITZ, H. Shakespeare's Pronunciation (New Haven: Yale University Press,1953).
----- 'Shakespeare's Use of Dialect', Transactions ojthe Yorkshire DialectSociety 9 (1951-6) 10-25.
142
MciNTOSH. A. 'As You Like It: A Grammatical Clue to Character', Review ofEnglish Literature 4 (1963) 68-81.
MAHOOD. M. M. Shakespeare's Wordplay (London: Methuen, 1957).MILLWARD. C . ' Pronominal Case in Shakespearian Imperatives', Language
42 (1966) 10-17.MULHOLLAND. J . ' "Thou" and "You" in Shakespeare: A Study in the
Second Person Pronoun', English Studies 48 (1967) 34-43.MUSGROVE. S. 'Thieves' Cant in King Lear', English Studies 62 (1981) 5-13.NOWOTTNY. W. M. T . ' Some Aspects of the Style of King'Lear", SS 13 (1960)
49-57 .----- 'Some Features of Shakespeare's Poetic Language Considered
in the Light ofQuintiiian and Thomas Wilson', Hebrew University Studies inLiterature 4:2 (1976) 125-37.
PARKER. D. 'Verbal Moods in Shakespeare's Sonnets', Modern LanguageQuarterly 30 (1969) 331-9.
PARTRIDGE. A. C. Orthography in Shakespeare and Elizabethan Drama. A Study ofColloquial Contractions, Elision, Proso4J and Punctuation (London: Arnold,1964) .
----- TheLanguage of Renaissance Poetry (London: Deutsch, 1971) .QUIRK. R. 'Shakespeare and the English Language' , in K . Muir and S.
Schoenbaum (eds), A New Companion to Shakespeare Studies (London:Cambridge University Press, 1971) pp . 67-82.
RANSOM. JOHN CROW 'On Shakespeare's Language', Sewanee Review 55(1948) 181-98.
SALMON . V. 'Sentence Structures in Colloquial Shakespearian English',Transactions of thePhilological Society (1965) 105-40.
----- 'Elizabethan Colloquial English in the Falstaff Plays', LeedsStudies in Englishn.s, 1 (1967) 37-70.
' Early Seventeenth-Century Punctuation as a Guide toSentence Structure' , in her The Study ofLanguage in 17th-Century England(Amsterdam: Benjamin, 1979) 47-60.
SIMPSON, P. Shakespearian Punctuation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1911).VICKERS, B. TheArtistryof Shakespeare's Prose (London: Methuen, 1968).WIKBERG. K. Yes-No Questions andAnswersin Shakespeare's Plays. A St'r'y in Text
Linguistics, Acta Academiae Aboensis: A Humaniora 51: 1 (Abo: AboAkademi,1975).
WILLCOCK, G. D. Shakespeare as Criticof Language (London: Oxford UniversityPress , for Shakespeare Association, 1934).
----,Shakespeare and Rhetoric' , Essays andStudies 29 (1943) 50-61.----,Shakespeare and Elizabethan English' , SS 7 (1954) 12-24.WILSON , F. P. 'Shakespeare and the Diction of Common Life', Proceedings of
theBritishAcadtmy27 (1941) 167-97.
Table of Passages Quoted
In the alphabetical arrangement the articles are disregarded; thehistorical plays are listed under the names of the kings; and the poetictexts come at the end .
Act Scene Line Page
All 's Well thatEnds Well II 55-6 114II 188-9 102II iii 7 129V III 176-7 6
Antonyand Cleopatra I III 35-6 60I III 69-71 61I III 99-101 61I v 43 68I v 70-2 53II 20-2 62II 11 171 60II ii 181-2 68II ii 195-209 49II II 232 54II 11 236 58II III 21 67II iv 1-2 112II v 21 54II Vi 16 63II vi 59 101II vii 122-3 52III 1 52III xii 22 108
Hamlet I 45-50 7I 56 120I 56-8 92I 118-19 104I 11 65 25I ii 110-11 77I 11 129 3I 11 239-41 8I III 115-17 106I iii 133 65I v 26 127I v 35-6 73I v 38 128I v 80 3I v 128-9 94I v 134 111I v 143 127II 11 4II 11 92-9 21II ii 110 41II ii 115-21 22II ii 173 3II 11 304-7 122II 11 376 98II ii 430-3 23II ii 496-8 41II 11 543 67II ii 574 66II ii 575 70III 154 3III ii 114-16 50III 11 150-5 23III ii 154-5 83III 11 181-2 37,83III ii 254 7
146
Act Scene Line PageCont. : III ii 278 3
III 111 9 4III 111 37 3III iv 45-8 120III lV 154-5 76III iv 173-4 99III iv 208-9 112III iv 214 3IV iii 22-4 37IV V11 183-4 43IV V11 185 4V 268-73 23-4V 11 105-19 22V ii 239 90
III 50 33III 255 35III ii 110 58III 11 116 104III ii 119 70IV 127 97V 3-6 76V 90 64
Henry IV, Part II I iii 39-41 100II 11 124-8 35III 11 50 92
Henry V I 11 61-3 83II 11 100-2 92II 11 102-4 95II iii 45 3-5II IV 90 99IV 111 62 110V ii 15-16 60V ii 245 94
Henry VI, Part I I IV 54 65II ii 32-3 113
Henry VI, Part II I 14-5 98IV viii 13-14- 86
Henry VI, Part III II vi 56 70III 11 91-2 109V 97 74-
Henry VIII II iv 229-30 53
John I 134-5 99I 183 78II 65 59II 325-7 91
148
Act Scene Line PageCont.: III 68-9 77
III IV 73 112IV 11 55 47IV ii 199 78V ii 79-80 112
Julius Caesar I 11 42 77I ii 110 97I 11 142-3 96I III 91 79I iii 124 64III 239-40 94III 11 183 2IV III 147 75IV III 239 98V 79-80 73
King Lear I 50 83I 95-6 126I 99-101 84I 129 83I 145 6I 151 83I 154 84I 173 83I 194 84I 196 83I 216 3I 11 121-2 47I IV 132 50I IV 199 67I iv 290-1 110II 11 77 97II 11 132 102II 11 165 98III vii 57 40IV V 33 99IV VI 237-47 31V III 307-8 47
149
Act Scene Line Page
Love's Labour'sLost IV ii 53 41IV iii 163-6 99V 78 25V ii 908 108
Macbeth I VII 1-2 90I VII 2-5 116II 5 79II ii 37-40 57II ii 62 25III IV 120-1 85III IV 136-8 98III VI 41 36IV 11 66 88IV 11 69 100V 70-1 95V ii 3 77V V 31-2 96V VIII 12-13 93
Measurefor Measure II 11 5-6 100II ii 17 2II ii 52-3 91IV ii 33 37
TheMerchant oj Venice I 11 22-3 110I III 7 91I III 173 123II 17-20 87II 11 1-17 29-30II IV 39 93II VI 40 93II VIll 25-6 93III 72 75III 11 61 88IV 75-7 126V 237 26
TheMerry Wivesoj Windsor I 196 52
150
Act Scene Line PageCont.: I 207 52
II Il 190 111IV iii 2 94
A Midsummer Night's Dream I 188 75III Il 222-3 76III ii 422-4 110
Much AdoAboutNothing II 35 128II III 190 87III Il 15 88IV 22 79IV 128 112
Othello I 36-8 87I 158-9 94I III 49 58II 61-2 53II 202 67II III 76-7 37III iii 396-7 96IV 155 96IV ii 3 79IV ii 46 75IV Il 66 88V 14-16 89V Il 4 70V Il 155 100
RichardII I 144 68I 152-9 123I Il 27 100I Il 57 85I iii 3-4 106I III 206-7 125I III 259 103II III 168-9 95III 44 112III Il 80 94III IV 20 95
151Act Scene Line Page
Cont. : IV 125-9 114V 90 77V ii 41-3 115V iii 52 98
RichardIII I iii 348 98II iii 27-30 115II iii 39 109III 11 99 99III v 35 109III v 56-7 101IV 11 60-1 104IV IV 190-5 89IV iv 267-9 113IV IV 426-7 129IV iv 440 86
Romeo andJuliet I 174-8 68I iv 1 128I v 9-10 98
The TamingoftheShrew I 3 97I 11 5-14 36III 11 194-6 91IV IV 15-16 111
Troilusand Cressida I 41-2 115I 11 3-11 137I 11 12 136I ii 28-9 135I ii 39 135I ii 45-9 135I ii 63 137I ii 67-70 136I ii 118-19 136I 11 167-8 136I 11 212 137I ii 230 135I 11 240-1 135I ii 268 137I 11 274-87 132I ii 278-9 102I iii 358 89II 1Il 172 109III 1Il 75-7 63III iii 247 93V IV 25 129
Twelfth Night I 31 59I 11 41-4 58II 11 28-9 63II IV 106 72II V 3 26II V 152 65III 64-5 71III 86 75III ii 41 6III 1Il 8-9 71III 1Il 18 101III IV 194 64III IV 201-2 64III iv 369 64V 58-9 73
153
Act Scene Line Page
Cont. : V 64-6 71
V 242 69V 268-9 71V 375 113
Two Gentlemen of Verona I 11 50 96I 11 59 108II 65 112IV 20-2 92IV 11 18 97-8V IV 4 91
The Winter's Tale I 11 27 119I 11 43-4 66I 11 44-5 127I ii 62-5 105I 11 71-5 126I 11 88-9 127I 11 111-14 119I 11 137 118I 11 150-3 122II 19-20 85II 33 98II 98 118II 11 41-2 107II 11 55 4II 11 57 101III 15-17 120III II 2 101III 11 55-9 128III 11 67-9 108III n 111-13 106
III 11 160-2 102, 121III 11 212-13 100III iii 47-9 107IV ii 8 75IV IV 513-14 92IV iv 755 96V III 140-1 78