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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Internet FTP HTML HTTP
Browser Hypertext URL
The Internet
The Internet is an interconnection of computers called Networks. Networks
are small interconnection of computers sharing the TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols. Each runs software to provide access to
information and view information. The Internet is the transport vehicle for the
information stored in files or documents on another computer. It can e compared
to an international communications utilit! servicing computers. It is sometimes
compared to a giant international pluming s!stem. The Internet itself does not
contain information ut provides a means to access information. It is a slight
misstatement to sa! a "document was found on the Internet." It would e more
correct to sa! it was found through or using the Internet.
Computers on the Internet ma! use one or all of the following Internet services#
• Electronic mail (e-mail). It permits !ou to send and receive mail. It
provides access to discussion groups often called $istservs% after the
software the! operate under.
• Telnet or remote login. It permits !our computer to log onto another
computer and use it as if !ou were there.
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KEYWORD
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
• FTP or File Transfer Protocol. It allows !our computer to rapidl! retrieve
comple& files intact from a remote computer and view or save them on !our
computer.
• Gopher. It is a te&t'onl! method for accessing internet documents. opher
has een almost entirel! susumed in the orld ide e* ut !ou ma! still
find gopher documents linked to in we pages.
• The World Wide Web (www or "the Web"). It is the largest* fastest
growing activit! on the Internet.
What is the World Wide Web and what makes it work
You can retrieve documents; view images, animations and video; listen to
sound fles, speak and hear voice; and view programs that run on practically any
sotware in the world, provided your computer has the hardware and sotware to do
these things.
hen you log onto the Internet using !etscape or "icrosot#s Internet $%plorer
or some other &rowser, you are viewing documents on the orld ide e&. 'he
current oundation on which the www unctions is the programming language called
(yperte%t "ark)Up Language. It is ('"L and other programming em&edded within
('"L that makes possi&le (yperte%t. Hypertext is the a&ility to have we& pages
containing links, which are areas in a page or &uttons or graphics on which you can
click your mouse &utton to retrieve another document into your computer. 'his
connectivity using (yperte%t links is the eature which is uni*ue and revolutionary
a&out the e&.
(ow do (yperte%t links work+ $very document or fle or site or movie or sound
fle or anything you fnd on the e& has a uni*ue URL (uniform resource loctor!
that identifes what computer the thing is on, where it is within that computer, and
its specifc fle name. $very (yperte%t link on every we& page in the world contains
one o the ULs. hen you click on a link o any kind on a e& page, you send a
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re*uest to retrieve the uni*ue document on some computer in the world that is
uni*uely identifed &y that UL. ULs are like addresses o we& pages. - whole
cluster o internationally accepted standards such as '/0I0 and ('"L2 make
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
possi&le this glo&al inormation retrieval phenomenon that transcends all political
and language &oundaries.
Wht re "etscpe n# Internet Explorer$
- %ro&ser is a computer program that resides on your computer ena&ling
you to use the computer to view orld ide e& documents and access the
Internet. !etscape and Internet $%plorer are currently the leading 3graphical&rowsers3 in the world meaning they acilitate the viewing o graphics such as
images and video and more2. 'here are other &rowsers e.g., "acwe&, 4pera,
"o5illa2. "ost o6er the same eatures and can &e successully used to retrieve
documents and activate many kinds o programs.
7rowsers rely on 3plug)in3 to handle the ancier fles you fnd on the e&.
0lug)ins are su&)programs stored within a &rowser or elsewhere in your computer
especially to support special types o fles you may click on. I you click on a link,
and your computer does not currently have the plug)in needed or the fle you
clicked on, you are usually prompted with an opportunity to get the plug)in. "ost
plug)ins are ree, and easy and sae to install on your computer.
7rowsers o6er a convenient way o navigating and managing the e& and all
the ULs you may want to keep track o. !etscape and Internet $%plorer &oth o6er
the a&ility to e)mail documents, download into diskette, print documents, and keep
track o where you#ve &een and mark the sites you want to 3&ookmark.3
'ro&sers allow you to access inormation. - We% pe is made up o
o&8ects and ('"L codes called Ts. It is like a command in programming. - T
starts with a sign ) 2 and end with a sign * 2+ (yperte%t "ark)Up Language
operates using 9 kinds o tags) the Depen#ent T and the In#epen#ent T,
which is also called Stn#,lone Ts+ - Stn#,lone Ts are tags that do not
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need a partner or an end tag. $%ample is )'R*. (owever, Depen#ent T, are
tags that used to have an ending tag. -n en# t commonly represented &y : a
slash ater a sign ). $%ample is )H-* + + + ).H-*+
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Steps in /retin HT0L 1rorm
'o create an ('"L program, here is the se*uence o actions to &e done.
'he ollowing demonstrates how to start ('"L programs.
Step - 2 /lick on the Strt %utton in the Ts3%r+
Step 4 2 'he pop)up menu list automatically appears.
<elect 0rogram option rom the list.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Step 52 'he su&menu list automatically appears.
/hoose the 6ccessories rom the list and then select the "otep#
rom the
<u&)menu list.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Step 72 'he !otepad automatically appears.
Step 82 'he !e%t part is to write the code inside the !otepad.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
16RTS O9 6" HT0L 1RO:R60
Like other programming language, ('"L is a script language that keeps
ormat when writing a code. -lthough, ('"L does not re*uire or ollow any
te%t ormat and spacing, it still re*uires important ('"L tags to make the
scripts run.
'he ollowing are the &asic parts o ('"L program that needs to &e ollowed
in writing code.
9iure - HT0L 1rorm Structure
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
1.2 )HT0L* ).HT0L* Ts
'hese tags denote the &eginning o the program though some &rowser
automatically generates the =4/'Y0$ and ('"L version and other inormation
&eore >('"L?. 'he >('"L? opening tag is written at the &eginning o the
program while >('"L? end tag is placed at the end o the code. 4nce the &rowser
recogni5e the >('"L? end tag, it is a signal that the ('"L script ends.
9.2 )HE6D* 6"D ).HE6D* Ts
'he >($-=? >($-=? tags denotes the heading part o the ('"L code.
'hese tags are written within the >('"L?>('"L? tags.
@.2 )TITLE* n# ).TITLE*
'he )TITLE).TITLE* tags are part o the ('"L that is written in &etween the
>($-=? tags. 'hese tags are used to display the title o the document. 'he 'itle o
the document can &e seen in the 7rowserAs 'itle &ar when the ('"L program runs.
B.2 )'ODY* n# ).'ODY*
'he )'ODY*).'ODY* tags are part o the ('"L code that is written within
the >('"L?>('"L? tags. 'he >74=Y? tags denote the main program. 'his iswhere you can place the content o the document you want to create.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
7elow is a sample program showing the 7asic <tructure o ('"L.
HT0L 1rorm -
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Steps in S;in HT0L 1rorm
In order to retrieve the program you have typed, there is a need to save the
program &eore &rowsing the output. 'he ollowing steps demonstrate how to save
('"L programs.
Step - 2 -ter writing your ('"L program in your !otepad, click on the Cile
option in the "enu &ar.
Step 4 2 <elect the S;e 6s option rom the list when saving the fle or the frst
time.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Step 5 2 'he S;e 6s dialog &o% automatically appears. <ave your program in
the
=esktop &y selecting the =esktop rom the drop)down list.
Step 7 2 'ype the flename with an e%tension name o +html and click on the
S6<E %utton.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
Ho& to <ie& your We% 1e
-ter you have successully saved the program, a new Internet $%plorer
or !etscape Icon will appear on your desktop. 7elow is the sample icon.
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=ou&le)click on the Icon la&eled as <-"0L$ to see your program output. I there
were changes in your program, to update, click on the Refresh %utton (Icon of
Refresh! for Internet Explorer and Relo# (Icon of Relo#! for "etscpe
";itor.
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
7elow is the sample output o your program.
1rorm Output -
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
You can ormat the ont style and ont color o your te%t using a ormatting
tags such as )9O"T* t+ (ere are other tags that can &e used or te%t
ormatting.
-+ )9O"T* ).9O"T* t
'his tag is used to ormat the style, si5e, and color o your te%t. 'he
96/E= SI>E= and /OLOR are )9O"T* attri&utes that makes your te%t
caption set on your desired ormat.
Exmple2
)9O"T C-/$D :<'YL$ 4C C4!' <IE$D :B /4L4D7LU$*
9. )/E"TER* )./E"TER*
'his tag is used to center the te%t on your &rowser. You can place your
te%t caption inside these tags to make your te%t display in the center o
your screen.
Exmple2
)/E"TER* C4" (U"-! (I<'4Y '4 $-LY /IFILIE-'I4!)./E"TER*
@. )'R* t
'his stand)alone tag is used to make the ne%t character to go to the
ne%t line.
$%ampleG
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Crom (uman (istory to )'R* $arly /ivili5ation
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
7elow is the sample program using te%t ormatting tags.
HT0L 1rorm 4 Usin the )9O"T*= )center*= n# )'R* ts
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In HT0L 1rorm 4, the commands 96/E, SI>E, and /OLOR are
6TTRI'UTES o the )9O"T* t which take e6ect on all the output o the
program. 'he >center* t takes e6ect on the output :FROM HUMAN HISTORY TO
EARLY CIVILIZATIONH while the command )'R* makes way or another line on
the word :THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION aligned to the let.
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
7elow is the program output o ('"L 0rogram 9 that used attri&utes 96/E=
SI>E= and /OLOR. It also used the )'R* t.
1rorm Output 4
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
'he ollowing sample program uses another te%t ormatting tags that is useul
when you want to emphasi5e your display caption.
HT0L 1rorm 5 Usin )stron*= )i*= )sup*= )%i* n# )smll* ts
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Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
'he ollowing is the program output o ('"L 0rogram @ that used other
ormatting tags.
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1rorm Output 5
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
19
KEY1OI"TS
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• - &rowser is a computer program that resides on your computer ena&ling you
to use the computer to view www documents and access the Internet taking
advantage o te%t ormatting, hyperte%t links, images, sounds, motion, and
other eatures. !etscape and Internet.
• The Internet is an interconnection of computers called Networks. Networks
are small interconnection of computers sharing the TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols. Each runs software to provide
access to information and view information.
• FTP or File Transfer Protocol allows !our computer to rapidl! retrieve
comple& files intact from a remote computer and view or save them on !our
computer.
• In#epen#ent T is also called Stn#,lone Ts which do not need an end
or partner.
• Depen#ent T is the tag which has an end tag that is represented &y a
slsh (.!+
• If there &ere chnes in your prorm to up#te clic3 on the eresh
&utton Icon o eresh2 or Internet $%plorer n# eload Icon o eload2 or
!etscape !avigator+
Lesson 1 Introduction to InternetUnit I
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H6"DS,O" 6/TI<ITY2
I+ /rete prorm tht &ill #isply the ?2
1.2 1st statement :elcome to -sian (istoryH in center with ont style D -rial7lack, si5e is and the color is Jreen,
9.2 9nd statement :0-J-! -J$ ne%t line, center, with ont style D 'imes !ewoman, si5e is B and the color is Jray
@.2 @rd statement :-'(UI-! 4"-!/$< ne%t ine, center, with ont style D-rial 7lack and the color is ed.
II+ /rete prorm tht &ill enerte the output %elo&+