Notes On Electronic Music Composition

7/23/2019 Notes On Electronic Music Composition

1/17


2/17

G N K U K H R V C Y S X H P - 2 6 3 8

L G P H Y G L

H N H I P R G L K I

A X Y K I

I G A V G Y K P K G L

X L K U H R Y K P [ G E J X @ @ H R Y E K H N @


3/17

Iglthlts

Hnhitrglki Auski 8

Pwg quhstkgls rhnctkvh tg hnhitrglki auski 8

Klthrprhtctkgl 8

Ytcmh cl` cu`khlih 5

Mhlhrctkvkty cl` lgl-nklhcrkty 5

Iglihpt cl` rhprhshltctkgl =

Yigrh cl` rhc`klm :

Iglihpt cl` acthrkcnkzctkgl ;

Igaputctkgl, pcrcahtrki igapgsktkgl cl` lclg-igapgsktkgl 36

Ypcih, tkah cl` tkah-spcih 36

Crijkthiturh 32

Igapgsktkgl 38

Hxphrkahltctkgls 38

Egracn vs cutgactki igapgsklm 35

Lgkshs 3:

Ytynhs cl` skmlcturh 3:


4/17

Hnhitrglki Auski

Pjh egnngwklm thxt `hsirkbhs kl c lgl hxjcustkvh wcy tjh crtkstki iglthxt ge ay iurrhlt rhshcrij. Pjh rhsuntklm

sktuctkgl cl` quhstkgls igah erga ay phrsglcn hxphrkhlihs cl` klspkrctkgls. K sht tjha kl rhnctkgl wktj

sgah ge ay vksucn wgro bhicush `ksiussh subdhits crh k`hltkicn. Pjks mkvhs c rgumj k`hc ge tjh ijgshl

chstjhtkis.

Pwg quhstkgls rhnctkvh tg hnhitrglki auski

Hnhitrglki auski jcs c nglm jkstgrkicn pctj but kt stknn jcs twg ackl rh-

iurrhlt quhstkgls. Pjh ffirst quhstkgl iglihrls tjh wrktklmcl` tjh shi-

gl`, rhsuntklm erga tjh ffirst glh, ks tjh quhstkgl ge kts acthrkcnkzctkgl.

Pjh phrtklhlih ge tjhsh quhstkgls vcrkhs c ngt `hphl`klm gl tjh sgikcn

cl` jkstgrki ffihn` ge `keeuskgl. Kl cly icsh, tjhkr `hhphlklm stcys c

rkij sgurih ge hxphrkahltctkgl egr cl crtkstki wgro. Ke glh jcs tg acoh

icthmgrkhs, wh crh jhrh tcnoklm cbgut c ah`kc crt kl wjkij tjh crtkstki

subdhit iglihltrcths gl tjh ah`kua cl` kts `keeuskgl. Nkoh tjh tjhctrh

tcnoklm cbgut tjhctrh, tjks `gackl ge hxphrkahltctkgl igun` sgahjgw

nggo shne-cbsgrbh` ke tjh pkhih wcs lgt purh cbstrcit hxphrkhlih tgtcnny

shlsgry cl` klthnnhitucn wktjgut ahclklm gr skmlkffiiclih. Yuij c nhvhnge cbstrcitkgl ks bcsh` gl quhstkgls ge tjh lhh` cl` hxksthlih ge trc`k-

tkglcn hnhahlts suij cs stcmh gr klthrprhtctkgl. Ygah ge tjhsh hnhahlts

jcvh cnrhc`y bhhl trclsegrah` wktj jkstgry. But kt ks jhrh phrtklhlt tg

survhy sgah csphits wjkij crh klvgnvh` wktj hnhitrglki auski.

Klthrprhtctkgl

Pjh lhihsskty ge wrktklm jcs lg `gubt egr sgah klstruahltcn auskis,

but tjh quhstkgl stcys rhcn wjhl kt ks cbgut hnhitrglki auski. Pjh

lgtkgl ge klthrprhtctkglerga c wrktthl tg pkhih ks cs sjcohl cs kt ks egr

kaprgvksh` auski. Prkpcrtkth shakgngmy c``s c ffinthr hnhahlt bhtwhhltjh klthrprhthr cl` tjh nksthlhr kl tjh `keeuskgl ijckl. Pjks hnhahlt ks

klthrprhth` `keehrhltny egr hcij ge tjha. Glny tjh nksthlhr jcs c sgrt

ge auskicn erhh`ga kl tjh icsh ge auski hahrmklm erga c acijklh.

Pjhrh ks lg gtjhr citkvh juacl phrturbctkgl kl bhtwhhl. Glny gtjhr

phgpnh, spcih cl` `keeuskgl mhcr icl pgsskbny jcvh c pcsskvh klfluhlih.


5/17

5

Pjks ks c mgg` giicskgl tg `krhitny hxpngrh nkakts ge phrihptkgl cl`

tjh ul`hrstcl`klm wktjgut hvhl tjkloklm cbgut tjh pjyskgngmy cl`

tjh shlskbknkty ge cl klthrprhthr. Acly cigusactki gr cbstrcit thijlg

auski igapgshrs crh cnrhc`y klthrhsth` by tjks. Vjyskgngmy ks nkakth`

but tjh iunturcn cl` thijlkicn hvgnutkgl crh cbsgnuth sg kt wknn cnwcys

bh wgrtj hxpngrklm eurtjhr.

Pjh prhshlih ge klthrprhtctkgl cl` klthrprhthrs mhlhrcth c sgikcn cl`

higlgaki akirg-systha. Pjct ks egr lgw tgtcnny clgtjhr iunturh kl hnhi-

trglki auski igapcrh` wktj incsskicn auski. Pjks akmjt bh glh rhcsgl

(gut ge acly) wjy incsskicn auski ks agrh cpphcnklm tg klstktutkgls

cl` jkstgrkicn ehstkvcns.

Ytcmh cl` cu`khlih

Auski ks sgahtkahs pncyh` wktj c vksucncl` pjyskicnsuppgrt. Kl suij

icsh, tjh pkhih cnwcys bhigahs sylhstjhtki cl` mghs bhygl` tjh purhnysglki ffihn`. Klstruahltcnksts gl c stcmh lhvhr glny irhcth sglki auski.

Pjhy crh pcrt ge c sjgw kl kts hltkrhty. C ergltcn cl` sklmnh vk`hg

sirhhl gr sphcohrs sgahjgw sgnvh tjh quhstkgl ge stcmh. Mkvklm c ac-

thrkcn cl` vksucn `krhitkgl tjus sctksey tjh ncio egul` kl ulkquh sgul`

prgdhitkgls. Pjks sgahtkahs mkvhs c rhcsgl ge hxksthlih ge c stcmh cl`

iglshquhltny c shlsh ge prhshlih egr auski. Ygah hnhitrglki auskikcls

ush igaputhrs cnglm wktj klthrecihs cs c incsskicn klstruahlt. Pjhy

iglshquhltny prhshrvh syabgns ge trc`ktkglcn iglihrts. Vhregraclih

crt sjgws geehr tjh pgsskbknkty tg irhcth purhny hnhitrglki sgul` pkhihs

wktjgut csoklm tjh quhstkgl ge stcmh. Ytcmh `ghs lgt glny iglihrl

purhny auskicn iglsk hrctkgls. @clih ks cl hxihnnhlt icsh kl wjkijvksucn cl` pjyskicnkty crh lgt glny sustcklh` by auski but cnsg by

mhsturh, pjyskicn rhcitkgl cl` acly gtjhr hnhahlts.

Mhlhrctkvkty cl` lgl-nklhcrkty

Acly purhny auskicn pkhihs jcvh mglh bhygl` tjh trc`ktkglcn stcmh

but tjhy jcvh cnwcys ohpt cl cu`khlih.Uksucn crtsgr klthrcitkvkty(rhcn-

tkah cl` pjyskicn igaputklm) jcvh truny `hsksth` cl cu khlih. Kl

tjh icsh ge trc`ktkglcn sigrh, tjh klthrprhthr, tjh klstruahltcnkst gr tjh

nksthlhr, aclcmh tkah kl c stctkicl` nklhcr wcy. Kt bhigahs c `ylcaki

klthrprhthr kl tjh icsh ge klstcnnctkgl gr kaprgvksh` phregraclih.

Ekmurh34 r395b2- 2630(glmg-

klm) - wjkth ncshr, wkrh klstcn-

nctkgl. Ncshr acppklm gltg c

ahtcnnki struiturh, tjguscl`s gerhflhxkgls irhcth c `gtth` spc-

tkcn igapgsktkgl pgklts wjkij

tjh nkmjtklm ks sgahtkahs sg

whco glh jcs tg igah ingshr

erga tjh struiturh.

Auskicn igapgsktkgl icl bh irhcth` kl c lgl-nklhcr wcy egr `hthr-

aklkstki cl` wrktthl iglihrt auski. But kts nksthlklm ks rhc` cnglm cl

ulswhrvklm crrgw ge tkah. Egr klstclih, ke tjh pkhih jcs shvhrcn pgs-

skbnh vhrskgls, nksthlhrs wknn glny jhcr glh vhrskgl. Pjhy wknn jcvh tg


6/17

=

nksthl tjh pkhih cmckl tg jhcr clgtjhr vhrskgl. Gl tjh gtjhr sk`h, `y-

lcaki pkhihs klinu`h sgah okl` gepncstkiktyùrklm tjhkr phregraclih?

tjhy crh nkbhrcth` erga tjh ulk`kahlskglcn crrgw ge tkah. Pjhy `g lgt

lhh` c bhmkllklm gr cl hl`klm? tjhkr hltrgpy ks erhhny vcrkcbnh.

Pjh nksthlhr ks trclspgrth` by sgahtjklm hnsh tjcl glny pjyskicn tkah.

Pjks tkah ks tjhl hxpngrh` kl c pjyskicn spcih gr c agrh cbstrcit rhp-

rhshltctkgl spcih. Egr klstclih, kt ks pgsskbnh tg klthrcit kl c spcih ge

pgsskbnhs. Iglihrt auski shhs tjhl cl hvgnutkgl ge kts tkah kl c ffixh`

spcih.Ypctkcn igaputklm,igaputctkglcl`kthrctkglstjhl bhigah kapgr-

tclt mhlhrctkvh tggns. Pjhy cnngw tjh iglstruitkgl ge c pkhih ge auski

rctjhr tjcl glny c pkhih ge ulkquh auski. Cnsg, prhshlth` pkhihs crh

hvhl agrh ahclklmeun. @ghs suij c mhlhrctkvkty, cpprhjhl`h by kts

iglihpts, nhc`s tgwcr` cl lgvhn klùstrkcnkzctkgl ge auski 7 Ke kt ks tjh

icsh, kt ks tcoklm shvhrcn `hic`hs cl` lhw quhstkgls cbgut klthnnhitucn

prgphrty wknn tjhl rksh cl` bh igapcrcbnh erga sgetwcrh `hskml.

Iglihpt cl` rhprhshltctkgl

Pjh pkhih ks bgtj c sgul` cl` iglihptucn pkhih kl tjh icsh ge lgl-nklhcr

hnhitrglki auski. Kt ks tjhliglihptucn crtcl` `ghs lgt lhihsscrkny igr-

rhspgl` tg sgah egracnkzctkgl. Ct glh tkah gr clgtjhr ge tjh irhctkvh

prgihss, kt lhvhrtjhnhss igahs erga sgah okl` ge wrktklm gr rhprhshl-

tctkgl. Pjks `g lgt jcvh tg bh hxpnkiktny cnmgrktjaki but kt rhsunts erga

cl k`hc wjkij igahs erga bhygl` pjyskicn cl` hstjhtki prgphrtkhs ge

tjh pkhih.

Ekmurh24 zgga geOcspcr U-

2633- jkmj `hffilktkgl sirhhl

Glh icl jhrh shh tjh sph-ikffii sicnh ge c ncrmhr pkiturh?

`keehrhlt runhs crh cppnkhs tg

hcij sicnh. Ukrtucn stglhs wktj

sphikffii egras cl` clmnhs crh

trcvhrsh` by c strglm nkmjt rcy.

Pjks bukn`s tjks `higlstruith`

icustki prgdhitkgl.

Kl iglihptucn crt, tjh sgikcn pgsktkglklm ge crtksts ks iglstcltny sjcoh

up by tjh citucn lcturh ge tjh pkhihs wjkij `g lgt lhihsscry lhh`

phrsglcn prgffiikhliy. Pjks quhstkgl ks lgt cnwcys skapnh. Glh dust jcs

tg gbshrvh tjh `keffiiunty incsskicn iglthapgrcry auski hligulthrs wktj

sgikcn pgsktkglklm ge olgw-jgw? hvhl egr skapnh pkhihs usklm rhcn-tkah

prgihsshs cl` sgul` rhprgùitkgl thijlkquhs.

Ekmurh94 Ocspcr K- 2636- klo,

pcphr mngbcn vkhw ge c jkmj

rhsgnutkgl spctkcn igapgsktkgl.

Pjh cu`khlih icl hktjhr rhc`

spctkcn phrautctkgls tjclos tg

c nhls gr jcvh c wk`h vkhw erga

ecr. Nhvhns ge mrhy crh mkvhl by

tjh `hlskty ge pgklts. Ocspcr ks

Ocspcr erga Vhthr Jhloh.

C iglihptucn pkhih icl bgtj bh prhshlth` gr rhprhshlth . Kt hxksts

by tjhsh twg cits cl` iglstcltny klthrcit tgmhtjhr wktjacthrkcnkzctkgl

cl` `hsirkptkgl. @hsirkptkgl icl bh tjh iglshquhlih ge cl clcnysks ge

acthrkcnkzctkgl. Kt icl cnsg bh tjh sgurih ge klthrprhtctkgl ge tjks ac-

thrkcnkzctkgl. Bgtj `krhitkgls ahrmh wktj igaputklm tggns shttklm tjh

tkaklm kltg glh glny tjklm. Ygul` vksucnkzctkgls crh tjh klthrprhth`

clcnyshs ge c pkhih. Acly crh vhry klthrhstklm but acly cnsg glny

egnngw tjhskmlcnkl c `krhit wcy.

Gtjhr vksucn pkhihs crh buknt wktj tjh scah hnhahlts tjct iglstruit

tjh sgul` pcrt. Pjhy tjhl sgahtkahs ush syabgnscl` rhprhshlt sgah


7/17

:

iglstruitkvh hnhahlts ge tjh igapgsktkgl. Rhc`klm tjhsh hnhahlts, cl`

tjhkr hvgnutkgl, cnngw c bhtthr ul`hrstcl`klm ge tjh pkhih cl` kts igl-

ihpts. Bhygl` cnn, tjh ffihn` ge hxpngrctkgl ks wk`hlh` bgtj egr citkvh

cl` pcsskvh nksthlhrs.

Yigrh cl` rhc`klm

Rhprhshltctkgl icl sgahtkahs bh c icush cl` c iglshquhlih egr ac-

thrkcnkzctkgl bhicush kt ks klthl`h` tg tjh klthrprhthr nksthlhr cl` lgt

tjh klthrprhthr klstruahltcnkst. C syabgnkirhc`klmicl tjhl bh `glh ct

cly agahlt ge tjh `keeuskgl? kt icl bh tjh sgurih ge klthrprhtctkgl, c

pcrcnnhn rhc`klm wjhl nksthlklm gr cl igapnhahltcry hnhahlt egr tjh

sgul` pkhih. Pwg acthrkcn pkhihs, glh cu`kg, tjh gtjhr vksucn, crh sht

kl rhnctkgl cl` klthrrhnctkgl. Pjhy icl bh rhprhshlth` ct tjh scah ag-

ahlt gr ct c tgtcnny shpcrcth` tkaklm but tjhy crh bgtj igapgsktkgls.

Ekmurh04 jr:=;:- 2630- klo,

pcphr (zgga pnhcsh) ulkquh

cl` rhiurrhlt ahng`ki nklh.

Pkah ks tjh glh tjh rhc`hr tcohs

tg rhc` tjct sigrh. Pjh egra ks

`hffilh` by tjh hyh ge tjh rhc`hr.

Pjh sylhstjhtki rhnctkgl bhtwhhl bgtj rhsk`hs kl tjh klthrprhtctkgl ge

c rhc`hr ct tjh agahlt ge tjh `hiryptkgl. Cu`kg cl` vksucn skmlcns

`hffilktkvhny `g lgt lhh` c truh rhnctkgl. Kl gppgsktkgl erga thijlk-

icn klstruahltcn thijlkquh, tjh rhc`hr ecihs suij c nhvhn ge cbstrci-

tkgl jh jcs tjh erhh`ga tg `hik`h wjct jh shhs ciigr`klm tg wjct jh

wclts tg ul`hrstcl`. Pjh pgsskbnh acppklm wjkij nklos hnhahlts ge

glh ah`kua tg clgtjhr ciihltucths tjks cbstrcitkgl. Cnsg, tjh luabhr

ge `kahlskgls bhtwhhl tjh sgul` pkhih cl` tjh vksucn glh crh `keehr-

hlt. Pryklm tg igapcrh cu`kg cl` vksucn skmlcns iglsksts gl klirhcsklm

gr rh`uiklm tjh luabhr ge `kahlskgls tg rhc`. Egr klstclih, tkah icl

nkh gl c sklmnh ulkquh `kahlskgl wjkij icl bh `rcwl gl twg `kahl-

skgls gltg pcphr. Pjh rhc`hr jcs tjhl tjh erhh`ga tg ijggsh kl wjkij

`krhitkgl jh `hffilh cl` rhc`s tjh crrgw ge tkah.

Ekmurh84 zgga gejr :=;8-

2630- klo, pcphr auntkpnh cl`

rhiurrhlt nklhs.

Pjhsh prgdhitkgl ge `kahlskgl cnngw c lgl nklhcrkty hxpncklh` kl tjks

thxt. Rhc`klm cl` nksthlklm kl`hh` bgtj bukn` c tkah erga tjh pgklt

ge vkhw ge tjh nksthlhr? tjh clmnh ge vkhw. Pjh rhc`klm ks `glh nkoh glh

rhc` cl cbstrcit pghtry bggo kl wjkij syabgns cl` ncygut crh pcrt ge

tjh klegractkgl. Yuij c sigrh icl clcnyzh cl` vksucnkzh pgsskbnh cl`

auntkpnh tkaklms igltcklh` kl tjh klktkcn iglihpt. Pjh igabklctkgl ge

bgtj typhs ge `keeuskgl, cu`kg cl` vksucn, cnngw cl cbstrcit lgl-nklhcr

rhc`klm wjknh ohhpklm tjh kaacthrkcnkty ge auski.

Pjh vksucn pcrt ge suij pkhih ks c sigrh bhicush kt iglstcltny ohhp tjh

eulitkgl tg bh rhc`. Lgtjklm tjgumj prhvhlt kt erga cnsg jcvklm cl

hstjhtki tjgumjt. Kt jcs c eulitkgl, but kt ks cnsg c spctkcn igapgsktkgl

cs whnn cs tjh sgul` pcrt ks c tkah igapgsktkgl.

Klvhltkgl ge rhigr`klm cnngwh` tjh `higrrhnnctkgl ge auskicn nksthlklm

cl` tjh agahlt kt ks citucnny pncyh` cl` irhcth . Kt ks lgt c prhshl-


8/17

;

tctkgl tg cl cu`khlih gr vksktgrs. Kt ks rctjhr cl kl`kvk`ucn nksthlklm

kl c iglthxt ulkquh egr hvhrybg`y. Egr klstclih, tjhrh ks lg `keeuskgl

spcih wjhl nksthlklm tjru jhc`pjglhs, `krhitny pnummh` tg tjh hcrs.

Pjh glny hxkstklm spcih ks tjh glh wktjkl tjh auski. Ypcih ks truny pcrt

ge tjh auski kl tjct pcrtkiuncr icsh.

Iglihpt cl` acthrkcnkzctkgl

Ekmurh54 jr:=;8- 2630- klo,pcphr tjks struiturh ks iga-

pgsh` ge acly nklhs wjkij

rjytja ge trclsnctkgls cl`

rgtctkgls crh acoklm nhvhns ge

mrhy.

Nhcvklm c acthrkcn cl` phrhllkcn trcih ks sgikcnny rhwcr`klm egr tjh

glhs wjg mkvh c pcrtkiuncr vcnuh tg trc`ktkglcn wrktklm. Kl klstruahltcn

incsskicn auski, trc`ktkgl ge wrktklm gl pcphr sigrh wk`hny mkvh tjh

kacmh ge c klthnnhitucn cl` nkthrcth igapgshr. Acthrkcnkzklm auski kl c

phrhllkcn wcy acohs kt hvhl agrh ulkquh cl` vcnucbnh. Pjks ulkikty

ks iuauncth` by tjh hcsy rhprg`uikbknkty ge auski.

Ypcih igapgsktkgl icl bh acthrkcnkzh` kl `kvhrsh egras. Egr klstclih,

vk`hg cl` sgul` crh bgtj pjyskicn suppgrts. But trclspgrth` klegrac-

tkgl `ghs lgt mg tg tjh scah pjyskgngmki shlshs. Vhrihptkgl, klthrprh-tctkgl cl` tjhrhegrh iunturh cnn `keehr ciigr`klm tg tjh ush` pjyskicn

ah`kua. Pjh igrrhnctkgl ge bgtj ah`kc sphikffihs ul`hrstcl`klm cl`

icl trclspgrt kacmklctkgl bhygl` wjct igun` glh ah`kua brklm. Pjh

rhc`klm erga glh ulkquh ah`kua ks clgtjhr klthrprhtctkgl ge c scah

iglihptucn pkhih.

Acthrkcnkzctkgl lhh`s kl cly icsh c iglstruitkglgl c pjyskicn suppgrt

suij cs pcphr, hnhitrglki pcphr, c siunpturh, cl hnhitrglki ahagry hti.

Pjks iglstruitkgl tjhl rhprhshlts tjh igapgsktkgl cl` icl tjhl bh-

igah c rhc`cbnh sigrh. Kl tjct icsh, auskicn igapgsktkgl ks cppnkh` tg

gtjhr crt egras cl` tjhy crh bgtj sigrhs cl` truh crt pkhihs. Igapg-sktkglcn thijlkquhs crh iglerglth` tg gtjhr thijlkquhs wjkij crh lgt

gbnkmctgry nkloh` wktj sgul` gr klstruahltcn thijlkquhs. Pjh olgwn-

h`mh ge tjh auski igapgshr tjus wk`hls tg gtjhr ahtjg`s cl` chs-

tjhtkis kl rhnctkgl wktj tjh mngbcn iglihpt ge tjh pkhih. Pjh igapgshr

tjhl bhigahs c rhcn crtkstwjg jcs tg iglstruit jks gwl klstruahltcr-

kua jkashne kl gr`hr tg bukn` jks pkhih. Pjh pncih egr trc`ktkglcn auski

ks iglshquhltny rc`kicnny rhag`hnh`. Kt icl bh iglshrvh`, pcrtny gr hl-

tkrhny `kscpphcr. Kt icl cnsg bh pcrt ge c wk`hr mrgup ge wrktklms agrh

sphikffii tg stynh cl` klthrprhtctkgl.

Ygul` klstcnnctkglscrh c mgg` hxcapnh. Pjhy crh cnn sphikcn icshs bgtj

egr auski, spcih ge `keeuskgl, `kspgsktkgl cl` gtjhr hnhahlts. Pjh pctjtcohl by vksktgrs jcs tg bh tcohl kltg ciigult cl` jcs tg bh tjgumjt

cs auij cs tjh iglthlt ktshne. Cl hxtrc tkah igapglhlt ks c``h` tg

tjh pkhih wjhl vksktgrs pjyskicnny agvh gr ijclmh tjhkr vkhw. Kt icl

hktjhr bh cbstrcit by egnngwklm tjh tkah ge vksktclts gr rhcn by kapgsklm

c lcturcn tkah.


9/17

36

Igaputctkgl, pcrcahtrki igapgsktkgl cl` lclg-igapgsktkgl

Igapgsktkgl ks tjh rhsunt ge c auntk-sicnh iglstruitkgl. Pjh igapgshr

igltrgns kt gr lgt but tjhrh crh cnwcys rctkgs bhtwhhl qucltktctkvh,

qucnktctkvh cnglmsk`h tjh hvgnutkgl ge tjhsh igapgsktkglcn igapglhlts.

Pjks `ylcakis ks glh strglm ijcrcithrkzctkgl egr igapgsktkgl. Pjgsh

rctkgs egr igapcrksgl crh `hffilh` by kthrctkglsct c pcrtkiuncr agahlt

gr pgsktkgl. Glh ge tjh agst gbvkgus hxcapnh crh ihnnuncr cutgactc.

But tjhsh rctkgs crh cnsg `glh ct vcrkgus nhvhns, sphikffii sicnhs. Pjhsh

auntkpnh sicnhs crh cnsg `krhitny nkloh` wktj tjgsh kthrctkgls. Pjhrh ks

lg gbnkmctkgl tjhsh kthrctkgls jcvh tg bh egracnkzh` gr egracn. Pjhy

icl egr klstclih dust sprklm erga klspkrctkgl.

Ekmurh=4 -2633-

ncshr prklt gl pnhxkmncs (pnhcsh

zgga) tjks pkhih rhprhshlts c

acp ge Dcpcl cethr tjh Acrij

33 2633Pgjgou.

Yyltjhskscnngws tjh iglstruitkgl ge hnhahlts erga tjh akirgsigpki tg

tjh acirgsigpki sicnh. Pjhrh ks c igltkluua(cntjgumj qucltkffih` tgg)

bhtwhhl tjh egrah ge c pkhih cl` kts sgul`. Pjhsh sicnh rhnctkgls crh

ingsh erga ncws ge lcturh? kl qucltuapjyskis egr klstclih. Kt ks tjhl

pgsskbnh tgprgpcmcth tjh igapgsktkgl cit erga glh pcrtkiuncr sicnhs tg

gtjhrs. Lclg-thijlgngmkhscl` syltjhtki bkgngmyrhkthrcth c ncrmh cagult

ge akirgsigpki prgihsshs tg irhcth acirgsigpki acthrkcns. Pjhy crh

tjhl prh`knhitkgl tggns egr tjh igapgsktkgl ge auskicn sigrhs kl tjh

egra ge siunpturhs. Kt ks kl tjct icsh c iunturcn lhihsskty, kt ks c prhikskgl

cl klstruahltcnkst icllgt rhcij twg tkahs kl c rcw.

Pjhigapnhxktyge suij struiturhs icl glny bh gbshrvh` erga vhry ingsh.

Kt ks tjh scah wktj c sgul` egra wjkij glh glny jhcr tjh cigustki

saggtjklm ge c agrh igapnhx mrcluncrkty. Kt ks tjh scah tjklm wktj

sirhhl pkxhns ingsh hlgumj erga glh clgtjhr tg irhcth tjh knnuskgl ge c

igltklugus cl` lgl qucltkffih` kacmh. Ct c ncrmhr sicnh, tjh pkhih iclnggo ulkegra cl` ihrtcklny aklkacnkstki. Pjh pkhih ct c ncrmhr sicnh

icl nggo sg igapnhx kt bhigahscnhctgrkiegr tjh hyhs gr hcrs. Pjh pgklt

ge vkhw cl` tjh clmnh ge vkhw crh glih cmckl `hffilklm tjh rhc`klm egr

tjh klthrprhthr pubnki. Pjhy crh tgtcnny subdhitkvh cl` lgl gbnkmctgry

egracnkzh` ijgkihs.

Ypcih, tkah cl` tkah-spcih

Cl hnhitrglki pkhih cl` kts rhprhshltctkgl icl bh clcngmgus wjhl tkah,

spcih cl` gtjhr igapgsktkglcn `kahlskgls crh c scah cl` ulkquh igl-

ihpt. Egracn tggns cl` agrhgvhr igaputhr sikhlih wgro by rhprhshl-tctkgl cl` strglmny ush tjks cacnmcactkgl kl cl cbstrcit wcy. Pjh

iglergltctkglwktj rhcnkty `hpngys tjh crtkstki iglihpt kl lcturcn tkah

cl` spcih. Pjks iglergltctkgl kapnkhs tjh cu`khlih cl` kts phrihp-

tkgl. Pkah cl` spcih glny hxkst wktj tjh cu`khlih. Pjhkr shpcrctkgl

ks glny `glh ct tjh agahlt ge gbshrvctkgl? tjh agahlt ge klthrprh-


10/17

33

tctkgl ge tjh pkhih. Pjhrh acy bh skakncrktkhs wktj Yijr klmhrs ict.

Egr kaacthrkcn auski ct c akirgsigpki sicnh, tkah cl` spcih crh bgtj

klegractkgl cl` wjct trclspgrts tjks klegractkgl. Pjks ks glny truh

ct c akirgsigpki sicnh ingsh erga tjh sacnnhst pgsskbnh qucltkimrckl ge

phrihptkgl. Ct c ncrmhr sicnh, tkabrh igun` bh cssgikcth` wktj actthr.

Auski ks tjhrhegrh lgt kaacthrkcn? kt ks dust lgt tclmkbnh. Pkah cl`spcih wgun` tjhl lgt bh tjh glny iglihpts.

Ekmurh:4 Ocspcr UK- 2639- klo,

pcphr Mhlhtki shrkhs crh irh-

cth` ct bgtj acirgsigpki cl`

akirgsigpki sicnh. Pjhy icl bh

iglsk`hrh` csihnnuncr cutgactc.

C vkskbnh agkr heehit bukn` up

rjytjas.

Pjhrh crh igapgsktkgls iglihkvh` egr tkah cl` egr spcih, but tjhrh crh

cnsg pkhihs `hskmlh` egr bgtj ct tjh scah tkah. Egr klstclih, acly

iglthapgrcry incsskicn auski igapgshrs tcoh spcih kltg ciigult kl

tjhkr thapgrcn pkhih. Klstruahlt `kspgscn ks `hikskvh kl tjh wrktklm ge

c strklm qucrtht egr klstclih. Pjh klvhrsh ks cnsg truh 4 sgah vksucn

crtksts iglsk`hr tjh tkah `kahlskgl kl tjhkr wgro. Pjks ks tjh icsh ge

Vgnngio wjkij wgro cl` mhsturhs icl bh clcnyzh` usklm ijcgs.

Acly tkahs cl` spcihs sprklm erga tjh agahlt ge acthrkcnkzctkgl.

Pjhy `hphl` gl tjh rhehrhltkcn systha wh crh nggoklm ct. Egr hxcapnh,tkah tcohl by sgahbg`y rhc`klm c sigrh ks glh `keehrhlt tkah tjcl tjh

glh wrktthl kl tjh sigrh ? glh icl bh agrh cbstrcit tjcl tjh gtjhr.

Pjh iglergltctkgl ge tjhsh vcrkgus tkahs brklms acly quhstkgls egr

klstruahltcn auski. Kt suiihsseunny hxpngrhs tjh pgsskbknktkhs bgtj kl

crtkst cl` thijlkicn wcys. Pjhsh crh tjh hthrlcn quhstkgls cbgutrhcn-

tkah. Kl c skakncr wcy, hcij vksktgr kl cl hxjkbktkgl iglihkvhs spcih kl c

phrsglcn wcy `hphl`klm gl jks pgsktkgl, pjyskgngmy hti. Pjh rhcn-spcih

ks cnsg c subdhit egr tjh hxpngrctkgl ge crt, sikhlih cl` thijlkquh.

Ks kt tjhl pgsskbnh tg ohhp tkah cl` spcih ulkquh cethr acthrkcnkzctkgl7

Kl gtjhr wgr`s, ct c acirgsigpki sicnh, kt ks pgsskbnh tg rhprhshlt cnn

pgsskbnh igapglhlts ge c pkih, cnn tjh cxhs ge kts pcrcahtrki spcih, kl`h-

phl`hltny erga tjh juacl phrihptkgl wjkij `kspctijhs kt 7 Hnhitrglki

auski, wjkij cnngws tjh hxpngrctkgl ge phrihptkgl nkakts, igun` cvgk`

cnhctgrki lcturcn igapglhlts. Kt wgun` tjhl rhprhshlt kts iglihpt kl

kts hltkrhty.

PjhAklogwsoks spcihks c egur `kahlskglcn actjhactkicn spcih wjkij

ag`hnkzhstkah-spcih kl sphikcn rhnctkvkty sklih tjh hcrny ZZtj ihltury.

Kt cnngws tjh acthrkcnkzctkgl ge tkah cl` spcih erga c igapgsktkgl kltg

glh sklmnh cl` ulkquh gbdhit. Kl c skakncr wcy cs egr nkmjt iglhs, tjks

gbdhit wgun` sprklm erga tjh iglihpt ge c egur `kahlskglcn spcih. Kt

ercahs c rhprhshltctkgl ge tjh spcih cl` tkah phrihptkvh nkakts egr tjhnksthlhr. Bhygl` tjgsh egur phrihptkgls nkakts, tjhrh crh cs acly `k-

ahlskgls cs tjhrh crh igapgsktkglcn pcrcahthrs. Pjhy crh nkloh` tg

tkah igapglhlts wjkij icl bh `keehrhlt egr hcij `kahlskgl. Ypcih

igun` tjus igltckl vcrkgus iglihptucn gbdhits `hphl`klm gl lhihssk-

tkhs cl` klspkrctkgls. Ytrklm tjhgry igun` bh glh ge tjhsh klspkrctkglcn


11/17

32

sgurih ffittklm tjh auntk-sicnh cl` auntk-`kahlskglcn k`hc. Kt wgun`

cnsg bh klthrhstklm tg egius tjh wgro gl lcturh, nhss cbstrcit, by us-

klm bkgngmkicn igapnhx systhas cl` tjus ohhp pjyskgngmkicn iglsk`hrc-

tkgls. Pjhrh cnsg crh pgwhreun klthnnhitucn tggns egr higlgakisgr sgikgn-

gmywjkij wgun` tcoh juacl cl` sgikgngmkicn ecitgrs kltg ciigult.

Ekmurh;4 r395b3- 2630- sirhhl

gr klo, pcphr vk`hg ffina erga c

sngw rgtctklm struiturh rc`kcth`

by c strglm nkmjt.

Crijkthiturh

]jhl nksthlklm tg hnhitrglki auski, tjhrh ks lg pcrcskth juacl ecitgr

wjhl tjhrh crh lg klthrprhthrs. Pjh pjyskicn cl` sgikcn hlvkrglahlts

crh lhvhrtjhnhss prhshlt kl tjh rhsuntklm crt pkhih. @keeuskgl spcih kl-

`hh` mhlhrcths clgtjhr tkah cl` spcih wjkijklthrehrhwktj tjh ulkquh-

lhss ge tjh pkhih. Pkah cl` spcih iglihkvh` klsk`h tjh pkhih crh `ks-

sgikcth`. Pjh klthrprhtctkgl ge tjh nksthlhr ks lhihsscry klfluhlih by

jks gwl phrsglcnkty. Pjh `keeuskgl spcih, pgsskbnh lhkmjbgrjgg`, nkmjt

cnsg heehit tjh phrihptkgl ge tjh pkhih. Pjhrh crh cnsg stkaunkerga tjh

sgikcn iglthxt cl` bhjcvkgr erga gtjhrs. C pckltklm geehrs c pjyskicncl` sgikcn ercah, cl crt pkhih klsk`h c iglthxt wjkij ks gutsk`h.

Kt ks c prhtty `keehrhlt sktuctkgl wktj sgul`, wjkij ks stknn jcr` tg igl-

tckl kt kl c `hffilh ercah. Kl cigustkis kt ks lhvhrtjhnhss pgsskbnh tg

mht ingshr tg c lhutrcn gr igltrgnnh` spcih by c``klm c iglshquhlt

cagult ge sphcohrs. Pjhkr pgsktkgls wgun` bh hqucnny sg pcih` kl

gr`hr tg mht jgagmhlgus syltjhskzh` spcihs cl` spcihs. Pjks ru`k-

ahltcry ahtjg` ks ush` wktj vksucn kaahrskvh systhas. Egr klstclih,

grmcl auskiks pncyh` kl c ijurij wjkij ks bgtj c jcnn cl` tjh bg`y ge

tjh klstruahlt. hapjCrijkthiturh `hffilhs spctkcn cl` tkah vcrkctkgls

klsk`h c `keeuskgl spcih.

Ekmurh364 jr:=;;- 2630-2638-

sirhhl ffina vk`hg.

Cigustkikcls cl` sgul` hlmklhhrs gethl skauncth spcih kl gr`hr tg gp-

tkakzh sphcohrs pgsktkgl cl` shttklms. Pjgsh ahtjg s crh glny ush`

wjhl rhl`hrklm tjh bhst ffitth` `keeuskgl ct tjh shrvkih ge auski. Kt

wgun` bh klthrhstklm tg `g tjh gppgskth4 ush crijkthiturcn ijcrcithr-

kstkis cs c truh pcrt ge igapgsktkgl. Yphcohrs crh kl`hh` pncih` ct

sphikffii pgsktkgls kl gr`hr tg ush tjh jcnn cl` mhlhrcth pcrtkiuncr rhvhr-

bhrctkgls. But kt ks cnwcys iglsk hrh` cs glh sgul` sgurih kl c spcih?

cthapgrcnvcrkctkgl klsk`h c ffixh` spcih. Pjh k`hc ks ecr tg bh lhw but

tjhrh ks stknn c ngt tg hxpngrh kl tjh igapgsktkgl ge spcih kl kts hltkrhty,

ct cly tkah, cly nksthlklm pgsktkgl kl tjh jcnn cl` cly sicnh. Ygul`

`keeuskgl, clcnysks, cl` rhl`hrklm tggns hxksts cl` crh dust wcktklm tg

bh ush` egr tjct.

Crijkthiturh wktj tjh tkah cl` spcih kt mhlhrcths ks eunny pcrt ge iga-

pgsktkgl. Yuij acthrkcnkzctkgl ge auski rhcnny bhigahs pncstki, klvksk-

bnhbut cnsg rhc`cbnh klsk`h spcih. Crtkstki iglshquhlihs crh kapgrtclt


12/17

39

sklih tjh 3;86-3;56s wktj tjh hahrmhlih ge lhw egras ge nksthlklm,

phiunkcr `keeuskgl hlvkrglahlts, mrcpjki sigrhs cl` agst kapgrtcltny

c lhw pubnki. Pjh ncst `hic`hs jcvh ulegrtulcthny bhhl rhtrgmrc`h kl

tjct `krhitkgl.

Igapgsklm by iglihpt cnsg cnngws iglthxtucnkzctkgl ge tjh pkhih cs

kt wgun` bh `glh egr cl crijkthiturcn prgdhit. Kt tcohs kltg ciigult c

thijlkicn, hstjhtki, sgikcn, jkstgrki cl` higngmkicn iglthxt cnn tgmhtjhr.

Pjh ffilcn prgdhit rhsunts gl tjh klthmrctkgl ge cnn tjhsh stu`khs cl`

rhshcrijhs. Iglthapgrcry hnhitrglki auski jcs surhny lgt tjh scah

iglshquhlihs cs crijkthiturh? bu`mhts cl` sgikcn iglshquhlihs crh ecr

`keehrhlt. But c auskicn pkhih ks lhvhrtjhnhss c pkhih ge crt? kt cnsg jcs c

sgikcn hxksthlih cl` iglshquhltny c rkij cl` klthrhstklm iglthxt wgrtj

sjcrklm. Pjh igapgshr ks lgt cnwcys c auskigngmkst gr c ph`cmgmuh.

Jks wgro icl lhvhrtjhnhss bh pcrt ge c wk`hr sgikcn iglthxt tjcl ska-

pny thijlkquhs cl` crt ge igapgsktkgl. Ekhn s ge pgpuncr auski cl`

iglthapgrcry crt jcvh ul`hrstgg` tjks egr c wjknh but kt ks lgt tjh

icsh egr "hxphrkahltcn" auski.


13/17

Igapgsktkgl

K jcvh bhhl wgroklm, thstklm cl` usklm, tjh mhlhrctkvh systhaK jcvh bhhl wgroklm gl egr c wjknh. Kt iglsksts

gl bukn`klm struiturhs, agstny rjytjaki, tjct sprhc` gvhr sicnhs, erga akirgsigpki tkabrh tg c acirgsigpki

wjgnh igapgsktkgl4 c lclg-igapgsktkgl. Pkah ks glny iglsk`hrh` cs clgtjhr ecitgr. Pjh klspkrctkgl sgurih ks

tjh cstrg-pjyskikclsstruiturcn skaunctkgl ge tjh ulkvhrsh wjkij K wgun` iglsk`hr cs tjh untkacth igapgsktkgl. K

`hffilkthny olgw tjh lckvhty cl` tjh trcp ge wknnklm tgmhlhrcnkzhc pkhih ge crt, cl` agrhgvhr `gklm sg glny by

tjh wcy kt ks igapgsh`. K lhvhrtjhnhss tjklo kt ks c bhcutkeun mrccn ke kt ckas tgwcr`s tjh crtkstki iglstruitkgl,

tjh kllhr crtkstki ulkvhrsh ge tjh crtkst. Pjks rhshcrij ks lgt purhny egracn bhicush K kapnhahlt kt kl tjhauskis K jcvh igapgsh` tjks shcsgl. Pjks cnsg ahcls K jcvh lgt yht tgtcnny crijkvh` ay wksj tg bukn` auski

cl` hnhitrglki auskicn sigrhs glny wktj tjh iurrhlt rhshcrij cl` acoh tjh hxphith` hstjhtkicn turl. Pjks

rkshs tjh quhstkgl ge lhihsskty cl` kapgrtclih ge c lhw egracnkzctkgl kl cl crtkstki prgihss wjkij cnrhc`y

hxksts cl` wjkij ks vhry hapkrkicn.

Hxphrkahltctkgls

K hl`h` up usklm shvhrcn tggns tjct wgun` hvhltucnny ahrmh tgmhtjhr

cl` acoh c shrkhs ge pkhihs. Hcij glh wgun bh iglihptucn cl` rhp-

rhshlth` by twg skakncr sgul` pkhihs? glh rctjhr aklkacnkstki pncyklm

glny tjh sohnhtgl cl` glh cnsg pncyklm wjct igun` bh cttcijh` tg kts

struiturh4 tkabrhs, crtkiunctkgls hti. Pjh sgetwcrhRjklg ks lgt glny c

tggn egr crijkthiturh, kt ks vhry iglvhlkhlt egr mhlhrctklm egras gvhr

spcih. Kt ks prhtty klthrhstklm tg acp spctkcn `kahlskgls tg igapgsk-

tkglcn glhs. Pjh skapnhst but tjh agst heehitkvh cl` ul`hrstcl`cbnh

egr tjh hcr iglsksts gl irhctklmsglgmrcas. Glh `kahlskgl ks `h`kicth`

tg tkah cl` twg ijgshl gtjhrs crh ush` egr pktij cl` capnktu`h. Pjct

ahcls tjh rhsuntklm auski ks gethl pktijh` but wktj lg pcrtkiuncr tha-

phrcahlt gr vhrtkicn shmahltctkgl ge tjh sphitrua. Egr iglvhlkhlih kl

tjh wgro, K cnsg ush` tjh DPGN.bcij nkbrcry (kl Acx) cl` c igapnhthny

rh-c`cpth` vhrskgl geCtjhlcINkl Vytjgl. Pjhy icl bgtj bh c``ktkglcn

cppcrctus tg tjh Rjklg iglstruitkgl acijklh. Pjhy cnsg icl ncthr bh

ush` klCbnhtgl Nkvh, wjkij jcs cnn tjh lhh`h` tggns egr prg`uitkgl cl`

pgst-prg`uitkgl.

Acly hxphrkahlts sjgwh` tjhy crh vhry pgwhreun cl` tjhy hxcitny

ffit tjh lhh`s egr lclg-igapgsktkgl. Xlegrtulcthny K igun ultkn lgw


14/17

35

lhvhr rhcnny rhcij tjh hxphith` auskicn nhvhn K wclth`. Acoklm vksu-

cnny bhcutkeun gr mhgahtrki sglgmrcas `g lgt nhc` clywjhrh hnsh tjcl

purh iglihpt ke tjhy crh lgt prgphrny igllhith` tg truh cu`ktgry eci-

tgrs. K jcvh ush` twg ackl hxphrkahltcn ahtjg`s4 glh iglstruitkvh

usklmihnnuncr cutgactccl` glh usklmpjcshscl` klthrehrhlihs. Pjhy crh

bgtj bhcutkeun cl` klstklitucnnyauskicn bhicush tjhy bgtj acoh jhcvyush geklehrhlih. Pjks wgun` bh glh wcy auski ks tjgumjt cl` nksthlh`.

Vrgih`urcn prgihsshs suij cs auntkncyhrh` ihnnuncr cutgactc gr auntk-

cmhlt systhas mhlhrcth hxphl`klm pctthrls sgahtkahs erga c rcl`ga

klktkcn stcth gr hnhahlt. Pjks ks tjh klktkcn spcro `hffilklm tjh rhst ge tjh

igapgsktkgls ulkvhrsh. Nkoh cnn trc`ktkglcn igapgsktkgl thijlkquhs

(phrautctkgls hti), suij mrcaacr-bcsh` thijlkquhs ffil` c truh rhcsgl

tg bh ush` wjhl wh crh `hcnklm wktj ksgncth` hnhahlts gr syabgns. Kt

`ghs lgt wgro sg whnn wktj igltklugus gr sjgrt auskicn hvhlts? wjhl

bukn`klm sglgmrcas. Kl tjh icsh ge sjgrt cl` vhry ecst kthrctkgls, tjhsh

hvgnutkgls `g lgt mhlhrcth clytjklm agrh klthrhstklm tjcl "igltrgnnh`"rcl`galhss(skhvhs). Kt bhigahs hktjhr tgg skapnh gr tgg igapnhx. Pjh

ijclihs kt wgros crh vhry tjkl. Pjh scah quhstkgls rkshs wjhl usklm

klthrehrhlihs? K igun` lgt yht mht clytjklm tjct wgun` dustkey kts ush. C

"igltrgnnh`" rcl`gasjketklmcl` egn`klm (grkmcak) mkvhs bhtthr rhsunts.

Kt ks pgsskbnh tg `kstklmuksj c wjkth lgksh ahng`y, gr hvhl skmlcn, erga

c pklo glh. But kt ks auij jcr`hr tg csskakncth tjhkr igapgsktkgl. [gu

wgun` tjhl hvhltucnny cnwcys mht rgumjny tjh scah auskicn rhsunt.

Ca K tjkloklm tjh scah wcy cs sgah lhg-tglcn igapgshrs 7 Ygah

bhnkhvh lgt rhahabhrklm tjh ahng`y ge ctglcn auski ks c prgbnha. Kt

wgun` bh rh`uitkvh tg `hffilh auski glny by sgah lhihsscry tglcnkty gr

jcragly. Lgtjklm ks lhihsscry cl` tjhrh crh acly gtjhr `kahlskgls,cpprhjhl`h` tgmhtjhr, tjct wgun` acoh auski tjh auski.

Egracn vs cutgactki igapgsklm

Pjh iurrhlt prgbnha ks tjct K ush c phrsglcn egracnkzctkgl tjct klthl`s

tg mhlhrcnkzh ay auski erga cnn cvckncbnh `kahlskgls. Pjks ks hxcitny

wjct K wcs `hsirkbklm cs c bhcutkeun but lckvh cpprgcij. Kt ks clgtjhr

nhvhn but tjh prgbnha stknn rhackls? cntjgumj K jcvh lg klthltkgl tg

mhlhrcnkzh auski cs c wjgnh, K ca kl c wcy tryklm tg mhlhrcnkzh glh

sklmnh pkhih ge auski. Ygah igapgshrs nkoh Brkcl Ehrlhyjgumjcrh igl-

erglth` tg c skakncr prgbnha. Hvhl cethr yhcrs ge hxphrkhlih, jh ushstjh thraigapnhxktycs ke kt wcs c bncio bgx, sgahtjklm gl tjh sk`h jh

icl `hcn wktj cl` pkio `ctc erga. Pjh cnmgrktja ks ush` cs c icniunctgr.

Jh lhvhrtjhnhss suiihh`s kl trclsihl`hltklm jks aglsthr by twhcoklm

kt gr by usklm gtjhr skapnhr auskicn ijcrcithrkstkis bhsk`hs igapnhxkty.

Cncl Bhrm wcs `gklm tjct. Jks auski bgtj igabklhs Mustcv Acjnhrs


15/17

3=

rgacltkiksa cl` Crlgn` Yijghlbhrms twhnvh-tglh thijlkquhs. Jh cnsg

ushs ciihltuctkgl kl cl trc`ktkglcn, gr hxphith`, wcy kl gr`hr tg mkvh

cl gr`hrh` lgtkgl tg `g`hicpjglksa. Juacl tguij cl` subiglsikhlih

crh stknn vhry kapgrtclt ecitgrs kl igapgsktkgl. Klthrvhltkgl, wjkij icl

cnsg bh c ijgkih, ks jcpphlklm ct glh vcrkcbnh agahlt ge tjh irhctkgl

but kt hvhltucnny jcpphls. Xltkn lgw, K stknn `g lgt prhikshny olgw tgwjct hxthl` cl` ct wjkij nhvhn kt ks pncih` egr ah. Kt vcrkhs cl` tjks ks

glh rhcsgl K jcvh tjh kaprhsskgl tg rhirhcth hvhrytjklm erga sirctij

wjhl K stcrt c lhw pkhih.

Vkhrrh-Cnhxcl`rh Prhabncy pgklth` gut tjh `keehrhlih bhtwhhl tjh wcy

K wksj tg egracnkzh ay pkhihs cl` jgw tjhy citucnny jcvh bhhl ac`h

kl cl kltuktkvh wcy. Pjh ecit K hvhltucnny cnwcys igah bcio tg ay rh-

flhxhs cl` stynkstki jcbkts wgun` ahcl K jcvh c ihrtckl hxphrkhlih, gr

K ca cnwcys kl c jurry. Acybh K cnsg subiglsikgusny olgw kt ks tjh

wgroflgw tjct ffits ah tjh bhst cl` cnsg tjh agst heffiikhlt K ush egr tjh-

ctrh cl` `clih. Pjh ijclmh K ca tryklm tg `g wgun` glny brklm ah clc``ktkglcn ncyhr ge igapgsktkgl cl` prhikskgl. Kt wgun` phrjcps lgt

rhcnny bh c rc`kicn ijclmh. Dciosgl Vgnngiowcs `gklmcutgactki pckltklm

(gr surrhcnkst pckltklm) by egnngwklm jks klstklits cl` jumh hxphrkhlih

tg hxprhss jks subiglsikgus. K prhvkgusny ush` tjh thra "igltrgnnh`"

rcl`galhsstg `hsirkbh sgahtjklm skakncr. Egr lgw, K jcvh lgt egul`

clytjklm bhtthr tjcl c aclucnny twhcoh`Aglth Icrngahtjg` gr gtjhr

prgbcbknkstki thijlkquhs tg mht klthrhstklm tkah-bcsh` pctthrls. Vctthrls

tjct crh lgr tgg rhphtktkvh cl` lgr tgg rcl`ga. Rcl`galhss cl`skhvhs

crh cnsg cijkhvh` by tjh juacl tguij K wcs `hsirkbklm hcrnkhr. Ju-

acls icl prgvk`h lgr truh rcl`galhss, lgr phrehit rhphtktkgl.

K ca prgbcbny tgg "incsskicn"? trc`ktkglcn auskicn egras cl` crtkiunc-

tkgls crh iunturcnny agrh kapgrtclt tjcl K wgun` nkoh tjha tg bh. K ca

cwcrh tjct tjks strglm bciomrgul` wgun` hxpnckl wjy K stknn jcvh lgt

egul` cly ciihptcbnh auskicn rhsunt tjct igun` nhc` ah tg tjh iglthxt

`hsirkbh` hcrnkhr. K lgw jcvh tjh tggns, tjh olgwnh`mh cl` tjh k`hcs.

Cnn tjh lhw pkhihs K `k` up tg lgw acoh ush ge tjha. But K egul`

gut tjh akssklm nklo tg mht tg tjh rc`kicn ijclmh K ca cethr4 c subigl-

sikhlih tjct wgun` trclsihl` wjct K jcvh bukn` cl` cnngw ah tg irhcth

sgahtjklm auskicnny klthrhstklm. Pjh wcy K shh cutgactki igapgsktkglks

nkloh` wktjcrtkffiikcn klthnnkmhlih. Yjgun K tjhl icnn kt crtkffiikcn igapg-

sktkgl7 Incsskicn iunturh jcs tjh strglm thl`hliy tg ohhp tgtcn igltrgnerga tjh hcrny irhctkvh spcros cl` cnmgrktjas crh mgg` egr tjct tcso.

But tjks ks lgt hlgumj, kt lhh`s iglsikhlih (crtkffiikcn gr lgt), cl kl`h-

phl`hlt kltuktkgl ct glh nhvhn gr clgtjhr ge tjh prgihss. K wknn mht kt

gvhr tkah gr K wknn rhcnkzh tjks ks dust c strglm klspkrctkgl lhihsscry egr

tjh pkhihs.


16/17

3:

Lgkshs

[cllks Zhlcoksush` skhvhs cl` prgbcbknkty `kstrkbutkgls bgtj egr sya-

bgnki igapgsktkgl cl` syltjhsks (Mhl`y). Jh cnsg `k` sgah hxphrk-

ahlts wktj ihnnuncr cutgactc. Pjh ecit K ca usklm shvhrcn `kahlskgls

cl` sicnhs nhc` ah tgwcr` mrc`khlt cl` ercitcn lgksh kl gr`hr tg irh-

cth prgih`urcn thxturhs tjct wgun` bhigah sglgmrcas. Vhrnkl Lgksh

(Ykapnhx) cl` ]grnhy lgkshcrh mgg` icl`k`cths bhicush tjhy prgvk`h

c lgtkgl ge jcraglkis cl` crh hcsy tg aclkpuncth.

Ytynhs cl` skmlcturh

K ush` tg `g c ngt ge mnktij auski. K ush` sgul`s cl` hstjhtkis erga

acly `kmktcn sgurihs tg irhcth rjytjas. K tjhl lcturcnny `kvh` kltg

pgst-ag`hrlksa, `c`cksacl` brhco-igrhusklm vcrkgus iglicthlctkvhsyl-

tjhshs cl` jcl`-ac`hignncmhs. K ffilcnny `hik`h` tg bhigah auij agrh

klthrhsth` by tjh bhcuty ge ahcsurh wktj aklkacnksa. But K `g lgt shhtjks aklkacnksa cs purh, K shh kt cs rkij cl` igapnhx wjhl nksthlklm

ct c ingshr sicnh (mrckl). Pjks ks wjy K ohhp tcnoklm cbgut iglstruitkgl

wktj sicnhs. Erga tjks stynkstki bciomrgul` gethl rhsunts tjh thl`hliy

tgwcr` bklcry rjytjas cnglmsk`h rkij syltjhshs igltrgnnh` kl c vhry

iglihptucn wcy ct c acirgsigpki sicnh.

Gnkvkhr Vcsquht - Dulh 2638


17/17

Nkst ge Ekmurhs

3 r395b2- 2630(glmgklm) - wjkth ncshr, wkrh klstcnnctkgl. Ncshr acp-

pklm gltg c ahtcnnki struiturh, tjguscl`s ge rhflhxkgls irhcth c

`gtth` spctkcn igapgsktkgl pgklts wjkij tjh nkmjtklm ks sgahtkahs

sg whco glh jcs tg igah ingshr erga tjh struiturh. 5

2 zgga ge Ocspcr U - 2633 - jkmj `hffilktkgl sirhhl Glh icl jhrh

shh tjh sphikffii sicnh ge c ncrmhr pkiturh? `keehrhlt runhs crh cppnkhs

tg hcij sicnh. Ukrtucn stglhs wktj sphikffii egras cl` clmnhs crh

trcvhrsh` by c strglm nkmjt rcy. Pjks bukn`s tjks `higlstruith`

icustki prgdhitkgl. =

9 Ocspcr K- 2636- klo, pcphr mngbcn vkhw ge c jkmj rhsgnutkgl spctkcn

igapgsktkgl. Pjh cu`khlih icl hktjhr rhc` spctkcn phrautctkgls

tjclos tg c nhls gr jcvh c wk`h vkhw erga ecr. Nhvhns ge mrhy

crh mkvhl by tjh `hlskty ge pgklts. Ocspcr ks Ocspcr erga Vhthr

Jhloh. =

0 jr :=;: - 2630 - klo, pcphr (zgga pnhcsh) ulkquh cl` rhiurrhlt

ahng ki nklh. Pkah ks tjh glh tjh rhc`hr tcohs tg rhc` tjct sigrh.

Pjh egra ks `hffilh` by tjh hyh ge tjh rhc`hr. :

8 zgga gejr:=;8 - 2630 - klo, pcphr auntkpnh cl` rhiurrhlt nklhs. :

5 jr:=;8-2630- klo, pcphr tjks struiturh ks igapgsh` ge acly nklhs

wjkij rjytja ge trclsnctkgls cl` rgtctkgls crh acoklm nhvhns ge

mrhy. ;

= -2633- ncshr prklt gl pnhxkmncs (pnhcsh zgga) tjks pkhih rhprhshlts

c acp ge Dcpcl cethr tjh Acrij 33 2633Pgjgou. 36

: Ocspcr UK - 2639 - klo, pcphr Mhlhtki shrkhs crh irhcth` ct bgtj

acirgsigpki cl` akirgsigpki sicnh. Pjhy icl bh iglsk`hrh cs

ihnnuncr cutgactc. C vkskbnh agkr heehit bukn` up rjytjas. 33

; r395b3-2630- sirhhl gr klo, pcphr vk`hg ffina erga c sngw rgtctklm

struiturh rc`kcth` by c strglm nkmjt. 3236 jr:=;;- 2630-2638- sirhhl ffina vk`hg. 32

Notes On Electronic Music Composition

Documents