Chemistry 162Text: Chemical Principles, 6th Ed. - By Steven Zumdahl Chapter #14 :Covalent Bonding: Orbitals Chapter #15 : Chemical Kinetics Chapter #16 : Liquids and Solids Chapter #17 : Properties of Solutions Chapters #18: Representative Elements Chapter #19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry Chapter #14 - Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 14.1) Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model 14.2) The Molecular Orbital Model 14.3) Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomi c Molecules 14.4) Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules 14.5) Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models 14.6) Orbitals: Human Inventions 14.7) Molecular Spectroscopy
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Chapter 12:Atomic orbitals, Properties of electrons, Wave functions,
Electronic configurations, Aufbau principle, etc.
Chapter 13:
General Concepts of Bonding in Molecules- Types of bonds: ionic, covalent, etc.
- Bond energies, lengths, polarities, etc.
Localized Electron Model
- Lewis dot structures- Resonance structures
- The octet rule
- VSEPR model
Chapter 14:
Central Themes of Valence Bond Theory
(Localized Electron Model)
1) Maximum overlap. The bond strength depends on the coulombic
attraction between the shared electrons and the two nuclei. The
greater the orbital overlap, the stronger the bond.
Basic Principle of Valence Bond Theory: A covalent bond formswhen the orbitals from two atoms overlap and a pair of electronsoccupies the region between the two nuclei.
1) Maximum overlap. The bond strength depends on the coulombic
attraction between the shared electrons and the two nuclei. The
greater the orbital overlap, the stronger the bond.
2) Spins pair. The two electrons in the overlap region occupy thesame space and therefore must have opposite spins. (Pauli exclusion
principle)
Basic Principle of Valence Bond Theory: A covalent bond formswhen the orbitals from two atoms overlap and a pair of electronsoccupies the region between the two nuclei.
3) Hybridization. To explain experimental observations, Pauling proposed that the valence atomic orbitals in a molecule are
different from those in the isolated atoms. We call thisHybridization!