Notes Ch6Organelles

8/8/2019 Notes Ch6Organelles

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Prokaryotebacteria cells

Prokaryotebacteria cells`

Eukaryote

animal cells

Eukaryote

animal cells

Eukaryote

plant cells

Eukaryote

plant cells


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Prokaryotes


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Eukaryotes


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Th e Nucleus

Doubl e mem brane,contin uous at pores

Pore comp lex: proteinstr uctureInside of n ucl eus: nuclear lamina

nuclear matrix Ch romosomes Nucl eolus

tRNA, Proteins fromcytop lasm


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Pore

complex

Nuclear lamina (TEM)


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Ri bosomes

Free or bound to ER Build proteinsNot mem brane- bound (present in a ll cells)Subu nits built in n ucl eolus

P roteinsdestined forcytosol. Ex:

enzymes

P roteins boundfor membrane

insertion,

excretion, orpackagingwithin

organelles.


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Endomem braneSystem: ER

Network of cisternae

Smooth

No ri bosomes Synt h esize lipids Meta bolize car bs, detox

dr ugsIn liver: add h ydroxy l grou p todr ugs, makin g th em moresolubl e


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Rough Endop lasmi c Reti culu m

R oughBound ribosomes

P roteins synthesized into E R A ttach carbohydrate to glycoprotein (secretory)

Glycoproteins packaged into vesicleP roduces membranes for the cell (grows in place)

Lysosomes Vesicles

Golgi


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Endomem brane System

Golgi Apparat usP roteins from E R modified

Change carbohydrateson glycoprotein

P roduces polysaccharides

Vesicles pinch off,transport molecules


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Endomem brane System - Lysosomes

A moebas phagocytosisWhite blood cells - macrophage A utophagy recycle macromolecules


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V acuoles

T ypes: Centra l vacuole

PlantsSurrounded by tonop lastSmaller va cuolescom bine

Food va cuole

Contra ctile va cuole Contain pi gments

A moeba food vacuoleContractile vacuole water regulation


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Ener gy C h anging Or gane lles - Mito ch ondria

Mitoch ondria, C h lorop lasts

Membrane bound but not part of endomembrane system.

Semi-autonomous organelles.


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Ener gy Or gane lles - Peroxisomes

Contain enzymes t h attransfer h ydro gen fromsubstrates to oxy gen Prod uce H 2O2 (h ydro gen

peroxide) T oxi c to cells Must be broken down by

oth er enzymes inor gane lle water

Detox in liver


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Cytoske leton

Function str uctural su pport

maintains s h ape of cell

anch

ors or gane lles protein fi bers mi crofi laments , intermediate fi laments , microtubul es

moti litycell locomotioncilia, f lagella, etc.

regul ationor ganizes str uctures& a ctivities of cell


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Motor proteins moveorganelles along

cytoskeleton


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Centrio les

Cell division in anima l cells, pair of centrio les

or ganize microtubul esspindle fi bers

guide ch romosomes in mitosis


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Microfi lamentsTh in strands of proteinmade of a ctin s ubu nitsMuscle contra ctionsPseudopod movement of ameo baCytoplasmi c streamin g in

plants


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Nutrient-a bsor bing

intestina l cellMicrovi llusstr ucturereinfor ced by

bundles of microfi laments


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Extra cellul ar

Components-Plants

Primary cell wa ll Th in, f lexi ble Yo ung plants

Middle lame lla Th in, sti cky layer Ho lds nei gh borin g cells togeth er Po lysacch arides - pe ctinsSecondary cell wa ll Between primary and cell mem brane Wood is most ly se condary Plasmodesmata ch anne ls

separate nei gh borin g cells


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Extracellular Components - A nimals

Extracellular matrix Mixture of many different molecules in fluidoutside cell.

Glycoproteins proteins with carbohydrate chains.Collagen most common, strong fibers

P roteoglycans

I ntegrins cell surface receptors. Transmit messages to cell s interior.


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I ntercellular Junctions

I n plants - plasmodesmata

In animals Tight junction: Continuous

seals between cells.

Gap junction: channelsbetween adjacent cells. Smallmolecules may pass betweencells. Similar to plasmodesmata

D esmosome: anchor cellstogether into strong sheets

Epithelial Cell -notice the microvilli(structure and function!)


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Notes Ch6Organelles

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