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NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
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Page 1: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and

Mixtures

Page 2: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

RECALL…

• MATTER: anything that has mass and occupies space

Page 3: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Matter

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Elements

Compounds

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Page 4: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

PURE SUBSTANCES:

• A pure substance is made of only one kind of material and has definite properties.

• EXAMPLES: elements, compounds

Page 5: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

What are the Differences Between an

Element and a Compound?

• ELEMENTS – simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions

• Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means

• Building blocks for all other substances

• Examples: nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), and carbon (C)

Page 6: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.
Page 7: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

ELEMENTS (continued)…

• The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element is called an ATOM.

Page 8: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

**Currently we have about 115 kinds of atoms. In the natural world there are 88 different kinds of atoms.

The others have been artificially produced in laboratories.

Making stuff nature

never dreamed of.

The Elements Song

Page 9: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

PERIODIC TABLE:

Page 10: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Abundance of the elements, by

weight

Page 11: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

The Earth’s interior is rich in IRON (Fe)

Page 12: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Sand is made of

silicon & oxygen

Page 13: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

The ocean waters are made

of oxygen & hydrogen

Page 14: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of atoms -- roughly at the center

Electrons travel around the nucleus.

Of course real atoms don’t look anything like

this!

Page 15: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Different kinds of atoms, or elements, are different because they have different numbers of protons.

They don’t look anything like this

either!

Page 16: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

We list the elements by their atomic numbers - the number

of protons they have.

Hydrogen, number 1 Helium, number 2

Page 17: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

COMPOUNDS

• COMPOUNDS = pure substances that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means

• made of more than one element bound together

• Examples: water, table salt, and carbon dioxide

Page 18: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Page 19: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

CHEMICAL SYMBOLS:

• CHEMICAL SYMBOL – one or two letter symbol representing an element on the periodic table

• First letter is always capitalized

• Second letter is always lower case

• Examples:

sodium – Na iodine – I

lead – Pb iron – Fe nickel – Ni

Page 20: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

CHEMICAL FORMULAS:

• Chemical formulas: Chemical symbols and numbers indicating the type and number of atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance.

• Examples:

water – H2O

sodium chloride – NaCl

sucrose – C12H22O11

Page 21: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Matter

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Elements

Compounds

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Page 22: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

MIXTURES:

• MIXTURE = physical blend of two or more substances

(that are NOT chemically combined)

• can be classified as:

HOMOGENEOUS or HETEROGENEOUS

Page 23: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Homogeneous Mixture

• Uniform in composition;

• Exhibits identical properties throughout the mixture;

• Examples: air, salt water, soda water, solutions, whipped cream, mixture consisting of one phase

Page 24: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

Heterogeneous Mixture

• Not uniform in composition;

• Exhibits portions with different properties;

• Examples: salad, sand, muddy water, oil and water, soup, granite, soil, mixture consisting of two or more phases, etc.

Page 25: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.
Page 26: NOTES: 2.2-2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures.

How are Mixtures Separated?

Many mixtures can be separated by simple PHYSICAL means:• Boiling point differences• Melting point differences• Particle size• Density• Magnetism• Solubility• Color• Smell