Note Taking Instructions Only write down information on slides with a red box. We will discuss many things about Africa, and participation is required.

Note Taking Instructions

• Only write down information on slides with a red box.

• We will discuss many things about Africa, and participation is required.

Watch for these red boxes!

Africa: Just the Facts• 2nd largest continent • 2nd most populous continent

– 887,000,000 • Found in all 4 hemispheres• 54 countries

Surprising facts

• Nearly ½ of Africa’s population is under 15 years old

• Only 10% of roads are paved

• Deserts cover 1/3 of Africa

Northern Africa

Sahara Desert• Largest desert (3.5 million miles)

• expanding south at an average of ½ mile a month!

• as large as the USA!

• Temperature differences between day & night in the Sahara desert can range as much as 100°F

Sahara Desert

Nile River• Longest River in the

world (4132 miles) • The Delta is at the

Mediterranean Sea

In the middle of the desert

Aswan High Dam

Adaptations in Northern Africa

• Population lives next to sources of water

• Saharan inhabitants are nomadic

• Nomads wear long loose clothing

• Technology: – Trucks are replacing camels– Satellite phones– Aswan High Dam

QUESTION 1

WRITE THIS DOWN!

Central and Southern Africa

Lake Victoria

Lake Victoria

• approximately 26,800 mi2

• Buchanan County: 410 mi2

• larger than the state of West Virginia (24,077 mi2)

Victoria Falls

Victoria Falls

• height of 360 ft

• twice as high as Niagara Falls

• largest sheet of falling water in the world

• 1 mile wide

Kilimanjaro• tallest free-standing mountain in the world

Kilimanjaro

Rainforest

Rainforest• It is shrinking rapidly due mostly to subsistence

farming & collecting firewood for heating/cooking

Rainforest• 90% of Africa’s

rainforests have been destroyed

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

•When the rainforest disappears, so do the animals and plants that need it to survive

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• poaching elephants – ivory tusks & hides

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• removing the tusks of a recently killed elephant

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Buyers going through a warehouse• Ivory is illegal in much of the world today

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Rhino horns & hides are illegal but sought after, much like elephant tusks

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• A “prized” rhino will bring a nice price at market once he is skinned and has his horns removed

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• A sample of rhino horns

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Some animals have been poached as trophies for the wealthy, but today most are being killed for another reason

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Animals are hunted and sold as bush-meat in local open-air markets.

• A few large

operations have shipped meat off to Europe, but most stays local.

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

•Hunter keeps latest gorilla head as a trophy & proudly displays it on his kitchen table for friends to see!

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Male mandrill bought at an open-air market by a local shopper looking for a special dinner

Exotic Animals/Endangered Species

• Shipped to bush-meat market still alive in order to receive a higher price

Natural Resources

Natural Resources

•S. Africa is #1 in the mining of Gold & diamonds in the world

Natural Resources

• Coal – used to generate electricity

Natural Resources• Uranium – fission (breaking apart) of atom

creates nuclear reaction. Used in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons

Natural Resources

• silver

Natural Resources

• Limestone – used as a common building material

Natural Resources

• Petroleum

Adaptations in Central/Southern Africa

• Subsistence farming-living off the land– Harvesting bush meat

• Cutting rainforest down for firewood

• Use of natural resources

QUESTION 2

WRITE THIS DOWN!

Illegal/Questionable Activities

• Poaching of endangered species

• Elimination of Rainforest

• Exploitation of Natural Resources

QUESTION 3

WRITE THIS DOWN!

ANSWER QUESTION 4 WITH YOUR OWN OPINION

Africa has developed at a slower rate than the rest of the

world

Governmental Systems• Today in Africa, we find different types of

governmental systems:

Governmental Systems• Monarchy – countries such as Swaziland &

Morocco where the monarch has absolute control (traditional clothing)

King Mohammed VI King Mswati III

Governmental Systems• Parliamentary democracy (prime minister or

president) – South Africa, Botswana (most of Africa)

Governmental Systems• Military dictatorship – Libya, Egypt

Muammar Gaddafi Muhammad Hosni Mubarak

guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• Most of Africa was colonized by European nations but internal problems have plagued them since gaining independence

guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• About 1200-1500 different languages spoken in Africa

• The lack of communication has led to poor relations between different groups

• necessary for lingua franca

guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict

• There are many different ethnic groups (estimated 800)

• warring tribes still living today in Africa

• very hard to have a unified govt voice •Ethnic fighting between

Tutsis and Hutus – heads from a Tutsis mass grave

Standard of Living

Standard of Living

• Life expectancy – lowest in world

• worlds shortest life expectancy: 51 yrs

– (50 male/52 female)

Standard of Living• malaria causes 3000 children to die/day

• over 1 million/yr – most in sub-Saharan Africa

Standard of Living

• What are the signs and symptoms of malaria?

• fever and flu-like illness• shaking chills • headache• muscle aches• tiredness• nausea• vomiting• diarrhea

Standard of Living• What it will do to a person:• cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of

the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells

• may cause kidney failure • seizures • mental confusion • coma • death

Standard of Living• 38 million people are at risk for starvation

Standard of Living• over 50% of people with HIV live in sub-Saharan• ¾ of 3 million AIDS related-deaths in 2005 • 2/3 of the 5 million new HIV cases in this region

Babies with HIV

Standard of Living

• highest birth rate (41/1000)

Standard of Living

• worlds highest population growth rate (887 million in 2005 total pop.) 2.4%

• Most of Sub-Saharan Africa is in the World Bank's lowest income category of less than $765 Gross National Income (GNI) per person per year.

• Ethiopia and Burundi are the worst off with just $90 GNI per person.

Becoming a Developed Country

• Political challenges– Oppressive governments– Conflicts between countries

• Economic challenges– Limited resources and technology– Poor education- low skill jobs– Resources are exported to other countries

• Social Challenges– Variety of languages– Disease/Famine

QUESTION 5

WRITE THIS DOWN!

ANSWER QUESTION 6 IN

YOUR OWN OPINION

Questions 7 and 8

• Significance of the Sahara Desert– Largest Desert in the World

• Significance of the Nile River– Longest River in the World

Label physical features on the

map

Label countries on the map