Northern Territory Government Department of …...SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES It was recognised that in considering the suitability of an area for horticulture, from a climatic point of

Department of Transport and Works

Nor ther n Ter r i t o r y Gover nment

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page No. Acronyms 4 Foreword 5-6 Introduction 7-10 SWOT Analysis Outcomes 11-13 Prioritisation 14 Recommended Model 15-17 Priority Area 1 Warrabri (Ali Curung) NTP 599 18-22 • Table 1 23 Priority Area 2 – Warumungu Alt – NTP 3723 24-26 • Table 2 27 Priority Area 3 – Karlantijpa South Alt - NTP 3556 28-30 • Table 3 31 Priority Area 4 – Arruwurru - NTP 3747 to 3781 32-33 • Table 4 34 Priority Area 5 – Wakaya Alt – NTP 3976 35-36 • Table 5 37 Priority Area 6 – Wirliyajarrayi (Willowra) - NTP 233 38-40 • Table 6 41 Other Areas Under Consideration 42 • Table 7 – Karlantijpa North Alt – NTP 2845 43 • Table 8 – Mungkarta Alt (Bonney Well) – NTP 2343 44 • Table 9 – Anthony Lagoon – NTP 4464 45 • Table 10 – Mungkarta (McLaren Creek) – NTP 718 46 • Table 11 – Powell Creek/Lake Woods – NTP 2094 47 • Table 12 – Gurungu Alt (Elliott) – NTP 3720 48 • Table 13 – Muckaty – NTP 1629 49 • Table 14 – Anthony Lagoon – NTP 4465 50 • Table 15 – Kujuluwa (Corella Creek) NTP 4472 51 • Table 16 – Anurrete Alt – NTP 3977 52 • Table 17 – Orwaitilla (Canteen Creek) – NTP 4246 53 • Table 18 – Mittiebah Alt – NTP 562 54 Appendix 1 - Background Papers 55-63 Appendix 2 - Participants at Workshop 64-67

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ACRONYMS ALT Aboriginal Land Trust ATSIC Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Commission CLC Central Land Council CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation DCM Department of the Chief Minister DETYA Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs DEWRSB Department of Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business DIB Department of Industry & Business DLPE Department of Lands, Planning & Environment DPIF Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries GAB Great Artesian Basin ILC Indigenous Land Corporation LEA Land Enterprise Australia LS Land Systems NAHS National Aboriginal Health Strategy NTETA NT Employment and Training Authority NTG Northern Territory Government NTP Northern Territory Portion OAD Office of Aboriginal Development ORD Office of Resource Development PAWA Power & Water Authority R&D Research & Development SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats T&W Transport & Works TDS Total Dissolved Solids TO Traditional Owners TOR Terms of Reference

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FOREWORD This workshop is the second in the series, to cover the Tennant Creek region of the NT. The main motivating force was the desire on the part of the Central Land Council (CLC), who having requested the first workshop in Alice Springs (March 1999), has developed an Aboriginal Horticulture Development Strategy based on the workshop data. The outcomes from this workshop will be incorporated into the CLC Strategy. This document, like the first one (Technical Bulletin 276) summarises all available information on soil, ground water, roads and other infrastructure information.

This workshop is also timely in that substantial areas of Aboriginal land have potential to grow horticultural crops. Some of these areas have sufficiently large ground water resources to support commercial horticulture developments. Development of these large resources, sustainable from both environmental and economical point of view, will bring economic opportunities, employment and training, and access to horticultural products for the Aboriginal communities.

The Horticulture industry is growing very rapidly throughout the NT. In the past 10 years (1990 –1999) the horticulture industry grew from $23.4 million to nearly $90.0 million, a four-fold increase. What is more important is the trend of the NT Horticulture industry to double in value every five years, and the trend seems to continue in the near future. The major crops contributing to this growth are mangoes ($37 million), table grapes ($14.5 million), bananas ($13.0 million), other fruits ($6.0 million), vegetables ($9.0 million) and ornamentals the rest. One of the emerging crops for the future is citrus – oranges in Central Australia to redflesh grapefruit, limes, lemons and mandarin to pomello in the tropics.

The area planted to horticultural crops is expected to be around 7000 ha this year rising from less than 2000ha in 1992. This trend in increased area planted to crops is expected to continue. Areas close to existing infrastructure and various climatic zones will offer a unique opportunity to provide products for extended periods in future.

In Central Australia spectacular growth has been observed from the table grape plantings in the Ti Tree/Pine Hill region. Similar potential exists within the Tennant Creek region, which can bring maturity of some of the sub-tropical fruits earlier and some of the tropical fruits later than other areas in the NT and interstate and add further value to the industry in future.

It is these factors which show definite prospects for growth of the horticulture industry throughout the NT and will assist developments on both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal land in the NT.

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A workshop of this nature requires considerable input from various organisations. I would like to acknowledge the efforts of officers from various organisations listed below:

ORGANISATION WORK DONE

DLPE Compiling the current information on water and soil resources.

DPIF Background technical information on production of crops.

PAWA Current and future information on power infrastructure.

T&W Current and future road infrastructure.

CLC Background information on Aboriginal Communities.

I would also like to acknowledge the excellent facilitation provided by Mr Keith Hill, ably assisted by Ms Jenny Purdie. Ms Julie Thomas assisted in the compilation and consultation with participants in producing the final report.

Dr Niranjan Rao Dasari

Assistant Secretary, Horticulture Division.

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INTRODUCTION

A workshop was organised at the request of CLC on behalf of Aboriginal landowners to assist with strategies to develop horticulture on Aboriginal land in the Tennant Creek region. The lack of resource information on Aboriginal land to assist with any horticulture development was recognised at the very beginning of this process. It was also recognised that any development on Aboriginal land will require capital investment in the infrastructure development, particularly that of water, to attract joint venture partners who can bring production and marketing expertise to the development.

A number of agencies were recognised to have a role to play to assist the CLC in its endeavours to develop Aboriginal land for horticulture. Horticulture development will provide economic and employment opportunities as well as horticulture produce for consumption on communities. This has not been possible in the past as many communities are in remote areas and unable to obtain fresh horticultural produce. An attempt was made to involve most of the agencies, which include:

Aboriginal Agencies:

Central Land Council Northern Land Council ATSIC

Indigenous Land Corporation / Land Enterprise Australia Julalikari Council Aboriginal Corporation

NT Government Agencies:

Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries Department of Lands, Planning & Environment Department of Industries & Business

Department of Transport & Works Office of Aboriginal Development Department of Chief Minister

Power & Water Authority Department of Local Government

Others

Barkly Regional Economic Development Committee Inc

Barkly Enterprise Development Network Ltd

To make the workshop operations effective participation was limited to those in the above agencies that can actively contribute to the main objectives of the workshop listed below. The total number of participants was kept to around 25 to keep the group at a manageable level. The names and contact details of the participants can be found in the Appendix 2.

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OVERALL OBJECTIVES The main purposes of the workshop were to:

• Collect all available information (both current and planned future program information) on soil and water resources and infrastructure, such as power and roads, at nominated Aboriginal areas in the Tennant Creek region.

• To seek input from various organisations/agencies participating in the workshop in terms of suitability of these areas for horticulture development and generate sufficient discussion to identify the relative priority for various areas.

• Develop options for future development of these areas for horticulture, based on the above information.

• Develop a clear process of how to assist with the development contacts, procedures etc.

The overall objective is to identify areas suitable for the development of commercial horticulture on Aboriginal land in the Tennant Creek region and to develop strategies for appropriate development. It is recognised that this workshop is a first attempt in addressing the overall objective. It is also recognised that there are a number of other considerations that the Central Land Council and the Indigenous Land Corporation would need to consider, in terms of Aboriginal employment and training, socioeconomic aspects of development etc. It is hoped that this workshop will provide some basic information that can be incorporated in a study being initiated by the Central Land Council to address some of the above aspects. It is also felt that once the basic information on resources and infrastructure is available and a process to assist the Aboriginal landowners through CLC is established, it will be an avenue to assist future development on Aboriginal land.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

Following the workshop a document will be prepared which details on workshop outcomes. This includes a summary of resource and infrastructure on each prospective locality, priority for development and a clear process to assist future development.

This is the document to satisfy the above requirements.

THE PROCESS

Prior to the workshop a number of NT Government agencies were asked to prepare background information on resource and infrastructure information. These background papers can be found in the Appendix 1 as well as details provided for each of the areas under consideration. These papers were distributed to the participants prior to the workshop to increase the effectiveness of the workshop.

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At the workshop time was allocated for each of the areas to:

• Clarify issues contained in the information supplied prior to the workshop.

• Discuss issues relating to Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT analysis) for horticulture development on Aboriginal areas selected.

• Prioritise the areas for future investigations and development.

• Discuss and suggest models for processes to be followed in future to assist with the development. However, the workshop participants agreed to use the model developed by the Alice Springs workshop and instead wanted to discuss required actions to develop the top three priority areas. Specific question for this discussion was ”What plans and actions need to be taken to progress development of these 3 areas?”. Participants were asked to consider the following issues for discussion: WATER & SOIL RESOURCES (Volume / Quality etc); INFRASTRUCTURE (Power / Roads etc); LABOUR, OTHER ENTERPRISE RELATED ISSUES AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT. The workshop participants were divided into three groups to consider these issues for Warrabri (1st Priority), Warumungu (2nd Priority) and Karlantijipa (3rd Priority). Outcomes of these discussions will be presented later together with details for these areas. A generalised model for consultation with Aboriginal groups is presented below:

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A proposed model for consultation Process with Traditional Owners

People Paint Picture • Seek permission to do assessment

If Yes If No

At this stage develop • Expectations • Aims for proposed development • Etc etc.

• Do Technical Assessment • Present back to owners

If NoIf Yes

Draw up Prospectus Expressions of Interest

Community decides to go ahead

JV – implementation ….

No Further Action

No Further Action

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The identification of issues using a SWOT analysis was very comprehensive. Outcome of the SWOT analysis was organised into major categories to bring out important groups of issues for future development. As well, it was recognised that there are a number issues affecting all or most of the areas under consideration. For this reason the general issues for all regions will be elaborated below with details of each area presented separately, in this report.

SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES

It was recognised that in considering the suitability of an area for horticulture, from a climatic point of view, areas in the Tennant Creek Region should not be treated as uniform, (eg: delineating areas above or below a frost line etc). It should be clear that there a number of microclimates in the region which modifies the climate, making it suitable for some crops and not so suitable for other crops.

The outcome from the SWOT analysis is organised into six sections; Stakeholder Support issues (issues related to the activities of various participating organisations, such as DPIF research & development activities etc.); Infrastructure & Service issues; Labour issues; Environment issues; Aboriginal issues; Production & Marketing issues. Following is a summary of issues that cover all or most of the Tennant Creek Region identified with potential for horticulture development. For the sake of simplicity the Strengths and Opportunities and Weakness and Threats are combined.

STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Stakeholder Support

• DPIF research and development activity provides a knowledge base for most prospective crops in most areas of Central Australia / Tennant Creek.

Infrastructure and Services:

• There is an opportunity to plan the development of a number of areas as a whole region for horticultural development. A good example of this is the Ti Tree / Pine Hill area where current development along with future potential development of both non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal land makes it an ideal location for planning future infrastructure development such as roads, power, cold storage and other horticultural infrastructure.

• There are also opportunities to develop service industries which are complementary to horticulture development.

Labour:

• A number of Aboriginal communities have a potential employment pool for future horticulture developments in various areas.

• Opportunities exist in future to provide employment training for this labour pool. This will result in employment opportunities for various communities.

Environment:

• Current predictions of climate change may bring about changes for some horticultural production areas enabling the production of specialist crops.

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Aboriginal Issues:

• Proposed development will assist in local employment halting the urban drift of populations from communities. Some of the demographic figures suggest that the employment needs of various communities may be increasing significantly making the need for generating employment in the communities critical in the future.

• Access to better quality and cheaper produce will be assisted by horticultural development in remote areas providing access to produce for both Aboriginal and non Aboriginal communities.

• In most of the areas identified for horticultural development, traditional owners have already been identified through the land claim processes thereby making negotiations between joint venture partners interested in horticultural development more expedient.

Marketing & Production Issues:

• Most areas are free from fruit fly infestations and most other pests and diseases, making both production and market access relatively easier compared to other regions of the NT or for that matter the rest of Australia.

• The local environment is clean and green providing a marketing advantage for produce in interstate and overseas markets.

• There is a possibility of value adding to produce higher priced commodities.

• Being in the Southern Hemisphere we have a definite advantage in production times counter to major producers in the Northern Hemisphere.

• Additional markets will be available with world trade liberalisation, which were not available in the past.

• Competitive edge of local production can be maintained through use of best practice, particularly with limited resources such as water.

• Soil resources are not limiting, relative to water resources, at present for horticultural production.

• Production of horticultural produce in the Tennant Creek Region offers an opportunity for the NT to expand the production of various commodities over a longer period integrating with existing areas in the north. For example melons and mangoes can be produced over a longer period increasing the ability of the NT to supply product for a longer period.

• With markets driving production it will be easier to match crops with climate and suitable quality water in the region.

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WEAKNESS AND THREATS Stakeholder Support:

• Government policy – This is multi faceted and impacts on a range of issues from stakeholder support to marketing and production.

• Limited research and development knowledge. This is limited to a few crops and needs to be expanded in future.

Infrastructure & Services:

• There is no regional horticultural development plan at present, even for developing areas such as Ti Tree.

• Some of the areas are remote from roads and in some areas the road infrastructure is poorly developed, as the case with power availability in some regions.

Labour:

• Training opportunities and expertise is limited and needs to be developed if a local work force is expected to contribute to development in the future.

• There is no labour available in some areas.

Environment:

• Not all current predictions of climate change may bring about changes suitable for horticultural production.

Aboriginal Issues:

• There is a need to identify traditional owners in some of the areas to consult over future horticultural development.

Marketing & Production Issues:

• There is no guarantee that the freedom of horticultural areas from quarantineable pests and diseases will continue which may add to the cost of production of horticulture and possible loss of market access in some instances.

• Liberalised world markets may provide stiff competition to local production and possible loss of markets.

• Not using “best practice” may lead to loss of productivity of land and other resources. This is particularly relevant in respect of poor irrigation practices, which may lead to salinity problems in future.

• There is a question of long-term crop production particularly in relation to sustainability of water resources, (due to limited knowledge of water resources in the region).

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PRIORITISATION

Six areas were considered for horticulture development on Aboriginal land and the workshop clearly identified the following priority for these:

Area Future Priority

Warrabri (Ali Curung NTP 599) Priority One

Warumunga ALT (NTP 3723) Priority Two

Karlantijpa South ALT (Gilbert Swamp NTP 3556) Priority Three

Arrawurru (Wonara NTP 3747 – 3781) Priority Four

Wakaya ALT (NTP 3976) Priority Five

Wirliyajarrayi (Willowra NTP 233) Priority Six

It is important that we concentrate on the top two/three priorities. Warrabri, Warumunga and Karlantijipa (Gilbert Swamp) are the areas, which should receive major inputs in the short-term. It was also decided that Willowra be serviced from Alice Springs rather than from Tennant Creek. (However, it should be kept in mind by all the agencies that in any future infrastructure development, consideration for horticulture development with additional marginal costs should not be lost. This is irrespective of current priorities identified above).

Two areas, one on Karlantijpa North ALT (NTP 2845) adjacent to Stuart Highway (Ngapagunpa and Pingala communities) and the second on McLaren Creek (Mungkarta ALT NTP 718) adjacent to Stuart Highway need further water resource investigations to confirm availability of ground water. These areas being close proximity to transport and other infrastructure may provide benefit for future developments.

Details of the SWOT analysis for each of the above areas is presented later in this document.

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FUTURE CONSULTATION PROCESS

The group considered that the model developed for the Alice Springs workshop is adequate and should be followed for this exercise as well. Details of a recommended model are presented below:

RECOMMENDED MODEL

Lead Organisation

Central Land Council

Agency Responsible for Coordination of NT Government Departments

Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries

Organisations to Be Involved In the Process

Core: Aboriginal Organisations: CLC / ILC/LEA / ATSIC

NT Government: DPIF / DLP&E / DIB

Other Agencies as Needed: NT Government: OAD / T&W / PAWA / NTETA / ORD

Others: DEWRSB / DETYA

The Process

Developing Horticulture Activities on Aboriginal Land:

• Develop information base (ongoing process). Collaborative research with Aboriginal agencies, NT Government, ILC regional strategies.

• Information Flow:

• Aboriginal landowners via CLC and other channels

• Potential developers – seminars

• Banking, financial sectors – prospectus, publications

• Targeted information about potential for projects on Aboriginal land (to be done via NTG and other agencies, ie. ILC, DEWSRB)

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Development of Proposals

• Identify areas with genuine commercial potential (prove resources). Use Ti Tree and Utopia as models.

• Find capital to establish water/essential resources (Commercial-Government best mix).

• Develop a prospectus (better information identifying likely areas).

• Establish criteria for development applications (in consultation with relevant agencies identified above), in line with horticulture development strategies.

• Feed back to developers to ensure applications meet criteria. Applications must meet criteria for ATSIC (funds for business plan and evaluation), CLC (take application to landowners), Coordination Committee (make technical assessment).

• CLC to develop Land Use Agreement in consultation with traditional Owners.

• CLC to explore Finance issues with LEA / ILC, ATSIC, ABR, DIB etc.

• CLC and Coordination Committee to monitor and provide any advice required.

• Ongoing technical advice and R&D via Coordination Committee.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Resource and Other Information:

1. There is a need for generating resource information in all areas identified, particularly ground water resource information, which is critical for driving any development. Given the ownership and title issues for Aboriginal land, consideration should be given to not only gather the ground water resource information, but also to begin development to make it more attractive to potential joint venture partners. Ground water resources should be developed with production bores to remove reluctance on part of joint venturers to invest in Aboriginal land, where land can only be leased for periods of time without title and ownership.

2. Where any resource or infrastructure developments are planned, consideration should be given to potential horticulture development in the vicinity with marginal additional costs.

3. Two areas, one on Karlantijpa North ALT (NTP 2845) adjacent to Stuart Highway (Ngapagunpa and Pingala communities) and the second on McLaren Creek (Mungkarta ALT NTP 718) adjacent to Stuart Highway need further water resource investigations to confirm availability of ground water. These areas being close proximity to transport and other infrastructure may provide benefit for future developments.

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Collection of Climatic and other Production related information:

4. Opportunity exists to collect temperature data for as many locations as possible to better define microclimate data, ie frost incidence. If possible some horticulture crops should be established in these areas to collect data on crop phenology and production times etc., particularly where some management expertise exists.

Regional Development Planning:

5. Attempts should be made to plan development for the immediate region, to include both infrastructure and horticultural development. A good example is the opportunity for regional development plan for the Ti Tree area. Considerable development already exists here and with careful planning further development with appropriate infrastructure development, such as roads, power etc, can be provided for marginal cost in future.

Coordination:

6. There is room to improve coordination between various organisations and NT Government agencies in the Alice Springs region. It is important that coordination does not take up everyone’s time for all activities. Appropriate groups should meet as required to address relevant issues. However, all those involved in the development from both a technical and social point of view should be kept informed. The Recommended Model presented earlier should be used to coordinate these efforts.

Information Flows to Support Development:

7. It is very important that criteria for development be formulated by the Central Land Council, based on the aspirations of the Traditional Owners (TO). This can then be tailored to suit the type of partnership, eg: joint ventures etc. This information should also include lease arrangements, resource development considerations, equity investment aspects by the TO’s etc.

8. The above information should be documented in a prospectus or similar document and promoted through the appropriate channels etc to developers, banks etc.

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PRIORITY AREA 1

WARRABRI (Ali Curung)

NTP 599

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Priority Area 1 Warrabri (Ali Curung) INTRODUCTION This area – ALT Warrabri (NTP 599) is rated by the workshop as second priority, after Ti Tree. SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Strengths & Opportunities: Stakeholder Support • There is some information on production available through work done earlier. Infrastructure and Services • Close to some infrastructure. • Good access road. • Opportunity for shared infrastructure. Also between smaller producers. • Close to transport hub (back loading on empty transport going south is possible). • Location. • Railway access? • Produce brought to Tennant Creek to be loaded on railway. Labour • Existence of training culture – some training facilities exist. • CDEP Marketing & Production Issues • Prior success. • Almost frost free. • Tropical and sub-tropical crops. • Expansion potential. • Demand from developers. • Opportunities for early season markets.

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• Opportunities for commercial investment. • Planned development of Singleton and other adjoining areas strengthen this area Weakness and Threats: Infrastructure & Services • Uncertainty of water resource at specific sites. Labour • Shortage of pickers. Aboriginal Issues • More complicated traditional ownership than other areas – a degree of difficulty. Marketing & Production Issues • High wind component. • Fruit piercing moth and Mastotermes problems. • Demand cannot be met, currently - clarify. POWER INFRASTRUCTURE There is a 22 kV feeder to Ali-Curung community within the Warrabri Aboriginal Land Trust. This feeder delivers power from Tennant Creek to the north. The feeder is located within the Stuart Highway road reserve. At present there is capacity to meet a level of future development but specific details would need to be known to determine what effects a horticultural development would have on this community and whether upgrading would be required. Bore 5 is currently programmed to be upgraded for sanitary reasons, this will not increase the production rate of this bore. There is a 460kl ground tank and a 160kl elevated tank. The community currently uses between 120kl/hr and 50kl/hr depending on weather conditions and population. While the current production is ample for community requirements, there are restrictions due to storage capacities. PAWA has no current plans to increase the size of the elevated storage.

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ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT AT WARRABRI

Aboriginal Land Owners • Identify aspirations/expectations

• Identify Aboriginal groups to consult

• Identify constraints for development - (Cultural)

Resource Assessment State of Knowledge (SOK) Assess

• Land Units

• Survey of promising land units

• Detailed survey of horticulture crop suitability

Water • Confirm Water Quality at selected sites

Infrastructure External/Internal

• Roads

• Power

• Other

• Training Facilities

• Tech Support

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Labour • Requirements

• Capacity to meet requirements

• Training

Climate Data • Rainfall (months)

• Temps (max/min), (soil & air)

• Wind

Crop Suitability • General info to target potential JVP

Draw Up Prospectus

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TABLE 1. WARRABRI (Ali Curung) – NTP 599 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.

Name of Area Portion Number

Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)

Pumping Depth (m bgl)

(1)

General Soil Information Water Resource Potential, Sustainability, and comments on Water and Soils

Ali Curung- Warrabri Portion No: 599

Large, 5000?

1000-1100

30 Land Systems –2 Scale 1: 1,000,000

Manly Singleton Land System. Spinifex sandplain. (a) Main soils deep red clay sands. Minor soils red clayey sands on calcareous substrata, depth varies. (b) Sand rises- main soils deep red dune sands. (c) Also small alluvial flats.

Land Units Adjacent Pastoral Survey – Scale: 1: 100,000 Neutral Junction, on western border LU 6.1 Spinifex sandplain. Red sandy loam increasing to sandy clay loam. Depth?

Murray Downs, on eastern border LU mainly 8.2 red sandy loams grading to light sandy clay loam LU 2.3 Shallow gravelly red earths on rises. LU 3.4 Swamp margins, yellow earthy soils, sandy clay loams grading to medium clay.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Yes (3) Type : R/M CAINOZOIC. (No soils work known). Soil Land System – Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km Land Units - Low confidence level. Minimum resolution 25 ha. Mainly freely draining soils. Sandier soils have low water-holding capacity, and potential for leaching.

Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:

1. Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act. 2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4. Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5. Areas with no potential.

(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years.

References: 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962).General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

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PRIORITY AREA 2

WARUMUNGU ALT

NTP 3723

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Priority Area 2 – Warumunga ALT INTRODUCTION SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Very small community, little infrastructure, many owners live in Tennant Creek. Strengths and Opportunities: 1. Stakeholders • Look at work done in other nearby areas. 2. Infrastructure & Services • Close to highway. • Close to Tennant Creek. • Close to power line. 3. Labour • Training available in Tennant Creek and capacity to deliver additional training. • Labour can be readily sourced from Tennant Creek. 5. Aboriginal Issues ♦ Most TO’s identified. 6. Marketing & Production Issues • Close to Tennant Creek and ∴ road to Mt Isa. POWER INFRASTRUCTURE This location is not known to Rural Services Southern Region Tennant Creek office. The only location known under this name is the ANU seismic station.

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ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT AT WARUMUNGU (ALT 3723)

RESOURCES

Water • Identify specific areas within existing 5 areas

• One area to be targeted first. From previous work

• Four others to start later

“All above to verify Volume Quality and pumping depth”

• Develop a water allocation policy (principle)

Soils • New Soil Survey to increase confidence in soil information

(NB: 1st Target area S’W Block next to Three Ways)

Infrastructure • Distance from Barkly Highway to given points on Target Area between 10/20 km which is economically viable to seal road

• Power required between ‘0 – 100 k’? “Stand alone power – or reticulated power” (datum – Three Ways)

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TABLE 2. WARUMUNGU ALT – NTP 3723 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.


Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Warumungu ALT Portion No: 3723

1000 1200 100 Land Systems- 2

Scale 1:1,000,000 Mainly Wonorah Land System – Gently undulating. Lateritic red earths. Sandy loam →light clays Possibly also Singleton Land System. Spinifex sandplain.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 3 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : ? GEORGINA BASIN (western edge of). Potential for irrigation. Favourable location near the Barkly Highway Soils Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km Sandy soils of the Wonorah Lands System are freely draining but have low water-holding capacity and potential for leaching

Moderate to highly permeable soils Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:


(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years. References 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

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PRIORITY AREA 3

KARLANTIJPA SOUTH ALT

NTP 3556

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Priority Area 3 – Karlantijpa South ALT INTRODUCTION SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Water controlled area ∴ need licences but no threat no population at present several community areas land owners in Tennant Creek. Same as Warumunga (but further from Mt Isa). POWER INFRASTRUCTURE This area is also not known to Rural Services Tennant Creek.

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT AT KARLANTIJIPA (Gilbert Swamp) Stage 1. - Information Required: Desk Top • Bores

• quantity & quality • hydrogeology

• Land Resource Assessment • Desk Top Exercise:

• Aerial Photo interpretation • Land Satellite imagery

• Define potential areas

• Infrastructure

• What’s available? • Cost?

• Road Access

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• Power – other options eg, wind power Stage 2. - Fieldwork • Define potential areas & based on soils • Quantify Water Supply • Community consultation prior to site work

- agree in principal + commitment • Labour

- availability • Training requirements

- providers - ? subsidies

Stage 3. - Other Enterprise Issues: • Crop options – market potential • Joint Venture options • Indicative Costs Stage 4. - Aboriginal Horticulture Working Group • Decisions to be made based on collated information for project • ? Feasibility study

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TABLE 3. KARLANTIJPA SOUTH ALT – NTP 3556 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.


Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Karlantijpa South ALT Portion No: 3556

>1000 800-1000 50 Land Systems- 2 Scale 1: 1,000,000 Manly Singleton Land System. Spinifex sandplain. (a) Main soils deep red clayey sands. Minor soils red clayey sands on calcareous substrata, depth varies. (b) Sand rises- main soils deep red dune sands. (c) Also small alluvial flats. Minor areas of Simpson Land System – Spinifex and dunes, Bushy Park Land System – Red earth soils and Sandover Land System – Sandy river plains

Water

(2) POTENTIAL = 1 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : R

? CAINOZOIC and WISO BASIN. This area has good potential for horticulture. Although it includes possible future borefield for Tennant Creek it could be licensed for horticultural pumping at a sustainable rate.

Soil

Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Sandy soils on Singleton and Simpson Land Systems are freely draining, but have low water-holding capacity and potential for leaching. Soil on Busy Park Land System need checking for drainage.

Moderately to highly permeable soils. Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:



References: 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

32

PRIORITY AREA 4

ARRUWURRU

NTP 3747 to 3781

33

Priority Area 4 – Arruwurru INTRODUCTION SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Strengths & Opportunities: 1. Stakeholder Support • Look at work done in other nearby areas. 2. Infrastructure & Services • Close to Barkly Highway ∴easy transport to Tennant Creek and Barkly Homestead. 3. Labour • Labour pool unknown. Weakness and Threats: 3. Labour • Small community at present – 20 people. POWER INFRASTRUCTURE Power – PAWA does not supply power to Out-Stations. Power at out-stations is the responsibility of the relevant Aboriginal organisations. Water – PAWA operates and maintains a bore and 22kl tank on a 9m stand. The bore is currently equipped to produce 1.5l/s. The recommended maximum pumping rate is 2.0l/s, however this figure has never been proven.

34

TABLE 4. ARRUWURRU – NTP 3747 TO 3781 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.


Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Arruwurru Portion No: 3747 to 3781

3000 1000 70-100 Land Systems –Northern section1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Mainly Wonorah Land System,- gently undulating. Lateritic red earths. Sandy loam →light clays; Yelvertoft Land System – Undulating. Mostly skeletal soils or truncated gravelly laterititc red earths. Smaller area of Camil Land System- gently undulating; tertiary non-lateritic soils.

Land Systems –Southern section 2

Scale: 1:1,000,000

Wonorah Land System – spinifex covered plains. Gentle undulating plains with stonier higher parts – red clayey sand and red earths. Smaller areas of Singleton Land System - spinifex sand plain. Mainly deep red clayey sands. Sandy rises- deep red dune sand and some small alluvial flats.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 3 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : ?M GEORGINA BASIN; south western fringe DAVENPORT PROVINCE. These 35 portions cover a large area, which is almost unknown, but is considered to have potential for horticultural supplies. Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km Moderate to highly permeable soils.




References: 1 Christian C.S., Noakes L.C., Perry R.A., Slatyer R.O., Stewart G.A. and Traves, D.M., (1954), Survey of the Barkly Region, Northern Territory and Queensland, 1947-48, Land Research Series No.3, CSIRO, Australia.2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

35

PRIORITY AREA 5

WAKAYA ALT

NTP 3976

36

Priority Area 5 – Wakaya ALT INTRODUCTION SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Strengths and Opportunities: 2. Infrastructure and Services • Close to highway. 5. Aboriginal Issues • Provide local employment in Tennant Creek area. 6. Marketing and Production Issues • Labour base appears too small at present - depends on type of crop. • Proximity to Mt Isa, Barkly Homestead. Weakness & Threats: 3. Labour • Small community at present – 20 people. 6. Marketing & Production Issues • May be ↑risk to introducing pests due to proximity to highway (relevant to other areas close to hwy). POWER INFRASTRUCTURE This location is also not known to Rural Services Tennant Creek.

37

TABLE 5. WAKAYA ALT – NTP 3976 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.


Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Wakaya ALT Portion No: 3976

1700 800-1000 70 Land Systems- (northern portion) 1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 . Mainly Wonorah Land System – Gently undulating. Lateritic red earths. Sandy loam →light clays

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 3 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Unknown area but is thought to be prospective with good quality water. Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderate to highly permeable soils Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:


(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years. References: 1 Christian C.S., Noakes L.C., Perry R.A., Slatyer R.O., Stewart G.A. and Traves, D.M., (1954), Survey of the Barkly Region, Northern Territory and Queensland, 1947-48, Land Research Series No.3, CSIRO, Australia.

38

PRIORITY AREA 6 WIRLIYAJARRAYI

(Willowra)

NTP 233

39

Priority Area 6 – Wirliyajarrayi (Willowra) INTRODUCTION This area – ALT Wirliyajarrayi (Williowra – NTP 233) was rated as priority four by the workshop. SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES Strengths and Opportunities: 2. Infrastructure & Services • Proven water quantity up to 100ha. • Power. 3. Labour • Better community services compared to others. • CDEP. 6. Marketing & Production Issues • Some irrigation cropping – 8 years up until 1974. Weakness and Threats: 2. Infrastructure & Services • Need to be staged development similar to Ti Tree area. • Higher transport costs. 3. Labour • No training culture. • Shortage of pickers.

40

POWER INFRASTRUCTURE Willowra Community is within the Wirliyajarrayi Aboriginal Land Trust area. There is a Power Station servicing this community. The existing power infrastructure can sustain the development of the community but specific details would need to be know to determine what effects a horticultural development would have on this community and whether upgrading would be required.

41

TABLE 6. WIRLIYAJARRAYI (Willowra) – NTP 233 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.


Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Wirliyajarrayi (Willowra) Portion No. 233

870 500-1000 40 Land Systems-2 Scale: 1: 1,000,000 Around cultivation area- Manly Singleton Land System. Spinifex sandplain. (a) Main soils deep red clayed sands. Minor soils red clayey sands on calcareous substrata, depth varies. (b) Sand rises- main soils deep red dune sands. (c) Also small alluvial flats.

Near Homestead- Sandover Land System. Sandy river plains Upper and middle flood plains north of the McDonnel Ranges, sandy alluvial clayey sands, alluvial sandy red earths and some red earths.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 1 Previous Irrigation: Lucerne (3) Type : R CAINOZOIC. Could be developed immediately. Soil

Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km Sandier soils freely draining but have low water-holding capacity, and potential leaching.

Moderately to highly permeable soils. Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:



References 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

42

OTHER AREAS UNDER CONSIDERATION

Area 7 – Karlantijpa North ALT NTP 2845 Area 8 – Mungkarta ALT (Bonney Well) NTP 2343 Area 8 – Anthony Lagoon NTP 4464 Area 8 – Mungkarta (McLaren Creek) NTP 718 Area 9 – Powell Creek/Lake Woods NTP 2094 Area 9 – Gurungu ALT (Elliott) NTP 3720 Area 9 – Muckaty NTP 1629 Area 9 – Anthony Lagoon NTP 4465 Area 9 – Kujuluwa (Corella Creek) NTP 4472 Area 9 – Anurrete ALT NTP 3977 Area 9 – Orwaitilla (Canteen Creek) NTP 4246 Area 9 - Mittiebah ALT NTP 562

43

TABLE 7. KARLANTIJPA NORTH ALT – NTP 2845 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region.

Name of Area

Portion Number Volume of

Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Karlantijpa North ALT Portion No: 2845

>1000 300-2500 ? No Information Land Systems1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Immediate Area North of Pingala only Elliot Land System- gently undulating. Lateritic red sands. Ashburton Land System – Hilly. Skeletal soils.

Water

(2) POTENTIAL = 4 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : R

WISO BASIN. This is a huge and poorly known area. Although much of it is underlain by saline water there are areas of very low salinity water, which may be suitable for some specialty crops. Also there is potential for irrigation from palaeo-channels in the eastern part.

Soil

Alice Springs CLC Land Assessment Unit may have information.

Immediate Area North of Pingala only Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderate to highly permeable soils. Low salinity hazard, high gravel content, shallow soils.




References: 1 Christian C.S., Noakes L.C., Perry R.A., Slatyer R.O., Stewart G.A. and Traves, D.M., (1954), Survey of the Barkly Region, Northern Territory and Queensland, 1947-48, Land Research Series No.3, CSIRO, Australia.

44

TABLE 8. MUNGKARTA ALT (Bonney Well) – NTP 2343 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Mungkarta ALT (Bonny Well) Portion No: 2343

500 (including McLaren Creek)

900-1100 ? 12 Land Systems -2 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Singleton Land System – spinifex sand plain –Red clayey sands; Rises- deep red dune sands and some small alluvial flats.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : R ? CAINOZOIC. Soil


Moderately to highly permeable soils.

Low salinity hazard. Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:



References: 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

45

TABLE 9. ANTHONY LAGOON – NTP 4464 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Anthony Lagoon Portion No: 4464

100 750-3500 50-55 Land Systems –1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Wonorah/Barkly Composite Land system – Gently undulating – red earths (sandy loam to light clay) and heavy grey pedocals with chert covering

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type: M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Prolific aquifer but has variable salinity. Development will need careful investigation & placement to avoid saline groundwater. High sodium. Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderately permeable –red earths potentially well drained. Pedocals probably slow permeability and sodic.




46

TABLE 10. MUNGKARTA (McLaren Creek) – NTP 718 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Mungkarta ALT (McLaren Creek) Portion No: 718

500 (including Bonny Well)

750-4000 ? 20 Land Systems –2 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Largely Singleton Land System – spinifex sand plain –Red clayey sands; Rises- deep red dune sands and some small alluvial flats Small area of Simpson Land System in north –sand dunes; red dune sands and red clayey sands. Medium area of Ammaroo Land System – floodplains and flood out basins, red earths and some brown alluvial clays. Medium area of Woolla Land System in south east–limestone belt. Low platforms with shallow sandy calcareous soils, drainage floors with red earths and some sand plains with red clayey sands. Areas of Davenport, Ilburmic Hann and Land Systems towards the south. These areas are mainly uplands with shallow stony soils. Some alluvial fans with red clayey sands and coarse alluvial soils.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : R ? CAINOZOIC. Soil


Moderately to highly permeable soils.

Notes: 2 PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:

2 Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act. 2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4. Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5. Areas with no potential.


References:

2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962). General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

47

TABLE 11. POWELL CREEK/LAKE WOODS – NTP 2094 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Powell Creek / Lake Woods Portion No: 2094

100 400-1500 50 Land Systems –1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Largely Ashburton Land System:-Hilly. Skeletal soils Medium area of Gosse and Elliott Land Systems- Flat to gently undulating. Coarse alluvial soils of the desert distributary complex to lateritic red earths. Small areas of Drylake and Helen Springs Land Systems –Gently undulating to low hilly. Drylake heavy grey pedocals . Helen Springs Land System –Skeletal soils with some igneous calcareous desert and heavy pedocal soils.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : ? WISO BASIN (plus some TENNANT CREEK BLOCK). Generally low permeability Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderate to highly permeable soils.

Shallow, gravelly, restricted to drainage floors.

Probably low salinity hazard.

Pedocals slow permeability probably sodic. Notes: 1 PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:

1 Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act. 2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4. Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5. Areas with no potential.


48

TABLE 12. GURUNGU ALT (Elliott) – NTP 3720 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Elliott / Gurungu ALT Portion No: 3720

100 700-1000 65 Land Systems –1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Elliott Land System –Gently undulating- Lateritic red sands- Sandy loam down to sandy clay loam to light clay. Smaller areas of Sylvester, Drylake and Ashburton Land Systems. Variable soils ranging from heavy grey pedocals to skeletal soils. Landform varies from bluebush swamp to hilly.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Unconfined, very permeable, transmissive aquifer Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderate to highly permeable soils.

Pedocals slow permeability and seasonal inundation Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:



49

TABLE 13. MUCKATY – NTP 1629 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Muckaty Portion No: 1629

100 450-1500 and 3000-4000

40-45 Land Systems –1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Mainly Elliot Land System Gently undulating- Lateritic red sands. Sandy loam down to sandy clay loam to light clay. Smaller areas towards east – Helen Springs and Ashburton Land System – Gently undulating to hilly. Skeletal soils with some igneous calcareous desert and heavy pedocal soils. Gosse Land System- Flat. Desert distributary complex

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 4 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type: ? WISO BASIN (western quarter) remainder – TENNANT CK BLOCK. Variable geology causes large variations of yield and salinity. Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderate to highly permeable soils. Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:



50

TABLE 14. ANTHONY LAGOON – NTP 4465 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Anthony Lagoon Portion No: 4465

400 1500-5000

50-55 Land Systems –1 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Barkly B2 Land System – gently undulating; heavy grey pedocals with chert covering; grey heavy clays; Creswell Land System – gently undulating; heavy grey pedocals; olive grey heavy clays

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type: M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Prolific aquifer but has variable salinity. Development will need careful investigation & placement to avoid saline groundwater. Groundwater is generally too saline & is high sodium. Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Moderately permeable –red earths potentially well drained Pedocals probably slow permeability and sodic.




51

TABLE 15. KUJULUWA (Corella Creek) – NTP 4472 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Kujuluwa (Corella Creek) Portion No: 4472

200 1400-1800

50 Land Units-3 Scale: 1:250, 000 Lateritic Plains Land Units : Mainly red earth, some brown earth; Light clay – clay loam within profiles; Most slightly acidic Ph 5.5 →6.5 Erosional Plains Land Units: Flat plains→gentle undulating rises, with gravelly surface & scattered depressions; Medium brown clays Ph: 6.5 → 9.0 depth of 0.3m Downs Plains Land Units: Flat plains; cracking medium brown clays; Ph: 7.0→8.0

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type: M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Prolific aquifer but has variable salinity. Development will need careful investigation & placement to avoid saline groundwater. Groundwater is marginally saline & is high in sodium. Soil Low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 1.6 sq km

Slow to moderately permeable. High moisture holding capacity. Relatively heavy textured soils High Ph at depth suggests sodicity. Cracking may assist a little with permeability. High Ph at depth suggests likely sodicity.

Notes: 2 PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic.

(2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows: 3 Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act. 2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4. Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5. Areas with no potential.

(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years. References:

4 C.J.Edgoose and A. Kennedy, (In prep), Brunette Downs Land Resource Survey, Dept. Lands, Planning and Environment, Alice Springs.

52

TABLE 16. ANURRETE ALT – NTP 3977 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Anurrete ALT Portion No. 3977

200 (including Canteen Creek)

500-6000 20 Land Systems –2 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Largely Davenport Land System –sandstone ridges and uplands to-750ft; Main soils: clayey very stony soils; Minor soils in narrow valleys red clayey sands and coarse soils. Medium areas of Ilburmic and Hann Land System Ridges, and beveled stony rises with relief up to 300ft; little soil; low lands mainly red earths with some alluvial soils. Singleton Land System in east of portion – Flat to undulating, red clayey sands and sands. Small areas of Land Systems –Krichauff and Kurundi.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 4 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : ?

DAVENPORT PROVINCE. Complex geology with wide variations in permeability, storage potential & salinity of aquifers; (maybe locally artesian). May be prospective for development of smallholdings

Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km

Uplands have minimal soil depth with high stone or gravel content.

Moderately permeable:- Areas of red earths, earthy sands and alluvial soils will be moderately permeable. Minor saline areas.

High moisture holding capacity Notes: 2 PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows: 3 Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act.

2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4. Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5. Areas with no potential.


References: 4 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962).General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area,

Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

53

TABLE 17. ORWAITILLA (Canteen Creek) – NTP 4246 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area


Water Available

(ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Canteen Creek (Orwaitilla) Portion No. 4246

200 (including Anurrete Alt)

400-800 50 Land Systems –2 Scale: 1:1,000,000 Wonorah Land System – spinifex covered plains. Gentle undulating plains with stonier higher parts – red clayey sand and red earths.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 4 Previous Irrigation: Nil (3) Type : ? DAVENPORT PROVINCE. Complex geology with wide variations in permeability and storage potential of aquifers. May be prospective for development of smallholdings Soil Very low confidence level High variability within land systems Minimum resolution 25 sq km Moderate to highly permeable soils. High moisture holding capacity.


1. Proven resource. Production bores can be drilled and equipped immediately, subject to licensing under the Water Act. 2. Areas with known water resources that need some investigation work before commencing production. 3. Areas with potential that need considerable investigation to prove them up. 4 Areas with some potential that need extensive study and investigation. 5 Areas with no potential.

(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years. References: 2 Perry, R.A., Mabbutt, J.A., Litchfield, W.H., Quilan, T., Lazarides, M., Jones, N.O., Slatyer, R.O., Stewart, G.A., Bateman, W., and Ryan, G.R. (1962).General Report on Lands of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory 1956-57. Land Res. Series. No. 6 CSIRO Melbourne.

54

TABLE 18. MITTIEBAH ALT – NTP 562 Water and Soil Resources of Aboriginal Lands in the Barkly Region

Name of Area

Portion Number

Volume of Water

Available (ML)

Salinity (TDS mg/L)


(1)


Mittiebah ALT Portion No:562

150 300-500 70-75 Land Units-4 Scale: 1:1,00,000 Adjacent Pastoral Survey Area Downs plains-cracking clay plains; Grey Clays (Vertasol)- light medium –medium clay, heavy pH-7.0-8.5 at depth 0.3m. Generally poorly drained.

Water (2) POTENTIAL = 2 Previous Irrigation: Garden scale (3) Type : M/R GEORGINA BASIN. Prospective with good quality groundwater. Soil Low confidence level. Minimum resolution 25 ha. Slowly permeable. Likely sodicity.

High moisture holding capacity Notes: (1) PD is pumping depth in metres below ground level. This is a major component of operating costs, and pumping depths of over 100 m are generally uneconomic. (2) Pot = Potential. Provides an indication of the potential and the amount of investigation needed for each area as follows:


(3) R is a recharged (renewable) resource. M is a mined resource; it is receiving little recharge under present conditions, but there is a huge volume in storage that could be pumped for duration in the order of 100 years. References: 4 Adjacent Pastoral Survey –C.J. Edgoose, (1996) Mittiebah Station Land Resource Survey, DLPE, Alice Springs

55

APPENDIX 1

BACKGROUND PAPERS 1. CENTRAL LAND COUNCIL 2. DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY & FISHERIES 3. DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, PLANNING & ENVIRONMENT

56

1. CENTRAL LAND COUNCIL The Central Land Council with the support of the Indigenous Land Corporation has developed an Aboriginal Horticulture Development Strategy for Aboriginal Land in Central Australia. Outlined below is the Executive Summary of the CLC Aboriginal Horticulture Strategy Report. (The full report is available from CLC.) Strategic Plan for the Development of Horticulture on Aboriginal Land in Central Australia.

Executive Summary The challenge Despite having freehold land on each of the major ground water basins and access to development capital from funding agencies, Aboriginal land owners have not participated at any level in the rapidly expanding horticultural industry in central Australia. It is estimated that the emerging industry in central Australia will generate revenues of about $30m by 2002, and employ up to 200 temporary, 50 semi-permanent and 50 permanent staff. With real unemployment running as high as 80-90% in rural areas in central Australia, it is a major challenge to create employment opportunities for Aboriginal people in remote communities. To gain some idea of the dimension of the problem it would take about $50m of capital investment each year just to create the 200 job opportunities required for 18 year-olds coming onto the job market. While the scope of the challenge is formidable there is evidence to suggest that horticultural development offers considerable potential to have an impact on employment in remote areas of central Australia. The scope for development Preliminary assessment of potential markets for a number of crops that can be grown in the region indicates that about 800 hectares of new development is feasible in the next 5-10 years. The question is what percentage of this area will be developed on Aboriginal lands providing equity and employment opportunities for the local communities. The development strategy outlined in this report aims to establish 100 hectare, or larger, commercial projects on each of the 6 main ground water basins on Aboriginal land in central Australia to provide a critical mass for management expertise and access to services at the local level. Once these projects are established smaller community based horticultural and other enterprises could be supported.

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Depending on the mix of crops grown, development of each 100 hectare horticultural enterprise will require capital investment of $2-4m, generate revenues of $2-3m, and create the equivalent of 15-20 full-time jobs on site plus 5-10 full-time jobs off site in upstream services. The strategy Economic drivers of development in an Aboriginal horticultural industry will be: ♦ the demand for early season, high value crops in interstate and export markets; ♦ leveraging government sector funding in a way that attracts private sector funding; and ♦ joint venture arrangements with industry leaders in introduce the required management expertise and development capital. It is proposed that an integrated organisational structure be established to support the development of horticulture (and other industries) in rural areas. The key structural elements are: ♦ Centrefarm to drive development on Aboriginal land in central Australia; ♦ a lead funding agency to coordinate investment from funding agencies, government departments and the private sector; and ♦ an organisation(s) that will provide training and supply labour to horticulture joint venture projects. Particular emphasis needs to be placed on education and training to ensure that job opportunities created and the private sector; and ♦ an organisation(s) that will provide training and supply labour to horticulture joint venture projects. Particular emphasis needs to be placed on education and training to ensure that job opportunities created by these developments can be taken up by residents of the local communities. A guiding principle will be to only develop areas that have potential for long-term, viable enterprises.

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2. DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES Crops with Potential for Commercial Horticultural Production on Aboriginal Land INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this document is to provide information on horticultural crops which are currently being grown commercially in the Alice Springs region and those crops which have been identified as having potential for commercial production in the Tennant Creek Region. The information provided has been gathered from past research conducted in the region on particular crops and from current research and commercial plantings. This list is by no means exhaustive. There are also a number of crops which have not been grown in the region yet may still have commercial potential. FACTORS INFLUENCING CROP SUITABILITY AND PROFITABILITY; Markets: • It should be emphasised that the Tennant Creek Region has the potential to grow a wide range of horticultural crops due to a number of factors

including climate, soils, water quality etc. Access to markets however is the major factor which determines the viability of these crops from a sustainable commercial production viewpoint. Identifying and developing markets for a particular crop is vital.

• It is also important not to “put all of your eggs in one basket” when identifying markets for a particular product. A good balance of domestic and

export markets is important if horticultural crop production is to be a viable proposition. In many instances the identification and development of domestic markets for a product will ensure viability of an enterprise. Export markets may be a bonus in this instance. On the other hand identifying one or two export markets with no domestic markets may not ensure the long term viability of an enterprise and significantly increase costs in terms of freight, inspection fees, packaging etc.

Climate: • It is not possible to draw lines on a map of Central Australia to delineate areas which are suitable for certain crops and those areas which are not.

There are those who think that the Ti Tree area is above the “frost line”. This is not true. The climate varies significantly throughout the area. The Ti Tree Farm area may have a minimum temperature of 0 to -1° C. The temperature may only reach this minimum a couple of times each winter. Temperatures to the east of the Stuart Highway and less than 30 kms from the farm area may have 20 or more days when minimum temperatures may range between 0 and –7° C.

• The occurrence of microclimates throughout the region is quite common. It is therefore important to carefully assess the area with potential for

development by installing data loggers to record minimum and maximum temperatures. The occurrence of frost is not necessarily a disadvantage, however late frosts which occur after budburst can cause serious damage and limit the planting of some crops.

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Soils: • Generally soils are not a limiting factor in the establishment of horticultural plantings in the Tennant Creek Region. Soils best suited to horticultural

crop production are sands, sandy loams and sandy clay loams which are free draining to a depth of at least 1.5 metres. These soils occur throughout the region and are often found in areas which also have water underlying them.

Water: • Water of sufficient quantity and quality is a major limiting factors for commercial horticultural crop production in Tennant Creek Region. There are

many instances where the yield from existing stock bores which are intended for commercial horticultural production is so low that enough water cannot be pumped to supply the needs of plantings. In addition to this the water may be at such a depth that supplies cannot be pumped economically. Bore construction is also a very important consideration. Bores which are to supply sustainable quantities of water over a long period must be constructed to specification.

• Water quality also has an influence on selection and management of a crop. Horticultural crops vary considerably in their tolerance to saline water.

Tomatoes are quite sensitive to saline irrigation water whereas date palms are very tolerant. The use of micro irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation, good irrigation scheduling and suitable soils all help reduce the effect of saline water on a crop. As a general rule water up to 1,000 ppm Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is suitable for most horticultural crops grown in Central Australia.

Location: • The location of the proposed horticultural development may also have an effect of crop production. Some of the areas identified for discussion are

remote in terms of distances from bitumen roads, wholesalers, freight terminals etc. In some instances roads may be in very poor condition due to seasonal conditions.. The transport of perishable horticultural produce may affect the quality of the produce. Table grapes, stone fruit and mangoes may not be suitable for growing in these remote locations whereas dates and pumpkins may be a better proposition.

Established Crops and those with Potential for Commercial Production in Central Australia: • Following is a brief summary of those crops which are grown commercially in Central Australia. There are also a number of crops which are

currently being evaluated for commercial production potential and others which may have potential but are yet to be evaluated. TABLE GRAPES General: • A perennial, deciduous vine crop. • Commercial plantings are confined to the Ti Tree/Pine Hill area at this stage. • Harvest season extends from early November to mid January. Season could be earlier and extend later if grown in other areas in the region. • The four varieties grown are Flame Seedless, Menindee Seedless, Thompson (Sultana) and Red Globe. • These varieties produce good yields of high quality fruit in this region. • Should not be planted where late frosts occur. • Table grapes have potential for many of the areas identified. • Crop water requirement is 10 Ml per hectare per annum.

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Markets: • Virtually the entire crop is marketed through domestic wholesale markets or sold direct to Supermarkets interstate. • There is considerable potential for the export of this product to South East Asia, England, and Europe. Potential: • Commercial plantings of table grapes continue to expand. The area planted at this time is estimated at 300ha and is to expand by a further 100ha this

winter. • The production of table grapes continues to be a viable enterprise with attractive returns on investment. CITRUS General: • A perennial, evergreen tree crop • There are a number of citrus crops including mandarins, oranges (navel and valencia), lemons, grapefruit (white, pink and red), tangelo, clementines,

murcots. • The mandarin variety with most potential is Imperial. • Harvest season for Imperial is approximately early April till the end of May. • The most popular orange varieties include Leng, Lanes and Washington navel and valencia. • Harvest season extends from late April to early June for navels and from late June till late August for valencias. • The main lemon varieties include Eureka, Lisbon and Meyer with Fino, Verna and Villa Franca also having potential. • Harvest season extends from late February till late May. • The main grapefruit varieties include Marsh (white), and Rio Red, Star, Ruby, Flame (red). • Harvest extends from late February till late April. • The main tangelo variety is Minneola. • Harvest extends from late June till late July. • Citrus fruit quality is excellent in the Central Australia region. • Trees may be difficult to establish in areas where regular severe frosts occur throughout the winter and early spring. • Approximate water requirement is 15Ml per hectare per annum. Markets: • Citrus production in Central Australia should be aimed at supplying early markets, both domestic and export with early maturing, quality fruit. • Export markets include South East Asia, the USA and possibly Canada and Europe. • There may be the potential to use small or cull fruit for juicing. Potential: • Although there are no large-scale citrus production areas in the Tennant Creek Region at this time there is considerable potential for this crop.

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MANGOES General: • An evergreen tree crop. • Commercial plantings are confined to the Ti Tree area at this stage however this crop can be grown across a range of areas particularly to the north

of Alice Springs. • May also have potential in selected areas south of Alice Springs where frosts are minimal or non-existent. • There is a wide range of mango varieties able to be grown. They vary in maturity times, flavour and fruit shape. • Popular varieties include Kensington Pride, R2E2, Nam Doc Mai, Irwin, Tommy Atkins etc. • Tree vigour may be a problem in very hot, dry areas. This can affect fruit quality as exposed fruit may be susceptible to sunburn. • Fruit Piercing Moth may limit the production of late maturing fruit in years of significant summer rainfall. • Crop water requirement is approximately 15 Ml per ha per annum. Markets: • Lucrative markets exist for early maturing, high quality fruit on domestic markets. Fruit maturity in the Alice Springs region is later than the top

end. Fruit maturing in the northern Alice Springs area may clash with fruit maturing in the large Queensland production areas and depress prices. • Fruit maturing from late January till mid March usually receives good demand on domestic markets. Potential: • Further plantings of late maturing fruit may have considerable potential for supply to domestic markets and may have some import replacement

potential. Export potential is unknown at this stage. STONE FRUIT General: • A deciduous tree crop. • Research plantings have been established however no commercial plantings of stone fruit have been made in the Alice Springs region at this time. • An extensive range of varieties of apricot, peach, nectarine and plum are available to suit a range of climatic conditions. • Cold, frosty conditions throughout the dormant period can be conducive to good flowering and fruit set however late frosts after flowering can cause

extensive crop loss and shoot damage. • Fruit quality of low chill selections generally is inferior to fruit quality of medium and high chill selections. • Problems may be encountered cropping medium and high chill selections in many parts of the region. • Crop water requirement is approximately 10 Ml per ha per annum. Markets: • There does not appear to be a market window for stone fruit produced in this region as other production areas have similar maturity times.

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Potential: • Stone fruit are a highly perishable product and the quality of the product reaching the Territory is low. There may be some lucrative local markets

including supplying this product to local communities and the larger population centres in the Territory where a fresh, high quality product can be assured.

ASPARAGUS General: • A perennial vegetable crop. • There are no commercial plantings of asparagus in the region at this time. • This crop is suited to a range of soils and can also cope with poorer quality irrigation water if managed correctly. • A commercial planting was established in the Ti Tree area. • In those areas which have a milder winter it is possible to harvest the crop twice each season. An autumn pick is made from March until the crop

stops growing due to the cold conditions, usually in late May or June. • A spring harvest is possible from late July to October. • Crop water requirement is approximately 12 Ml per ha per annum. Markets: • Domestic markets can be profitable for asparagus especially the autumn pick. • Production in other areas especially the Murray Valley can depress prices for the spring harvest. • Export markets do exist for this crop however continuity of supply and quality requirements are very stringent especially to markets such as Japan. Potential: • Asparagus continues to have considerable potential for the Tennant Creek Region. Areas best suited for this crop are those with few or no frosts.

Sandy loams are best suited with access to lower quality irrigation water up to 1,500 ppm TDS. VEGETABLES General: • A range of annual crops. • Vegetable production is a useful method of producing a cash flow in the early years of the development of a property. • Hydroponic vegetable production is an option for the production of high quality specialty lines of vegetables. • A high degree of technical expertise is required to successfully manage a hydroponic system. • Long term vegetable production can be a marginal proposition as wholesale prices can fluctuate wildly. At the same time a commitment to growing

vegetables as the major source of income can be profitable as the average returns for produce in the long term can be attractive.

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• A range of vegetables best suited to commercial production in the region includes; tomatoes, capsicum, chilli, eggfruit, watermelon, rockmelon, honeydew, butternut and other pumpkins. Some Asian vegetables eg: Chinese cabbage may also be profitable in the cooler months.

• Crop water requirement is approximately 12 Ml per ha per annum. Markets: • Generally it is possible to grow a wide range of vegetables in this region especially with the range of microclimates that are available. Care must be

taken to carefully identify markets for this produce. • Interstate markets are available for produce with the potential to supply some export markets. • The regular supply of local markets is also a possibility as long as continuity of supply can be assured especially for highly perishable products. Potential: • Considerable potential especially in the early years of a horticultural development. • Value adding to the produce being grown should be investigated. • Margins for producing vegetables to supply interstate markets can vary considerably as major production areas may dictate supply and price.

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Appendix 2

PARTICIPANTS AT WORKSHOP

Name Phone Fax Email Mr Bob Torrilla Chairman Barkly Regional Economic Development Committee Inc PO Box 1221 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89622207 89623188 or 89624413

Mr Ian Gray Chief Executive Officer Barkly Enterprise Development Network Ltd PO Box 845 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89623733 or 0409662428

89623733 [email protected]

Mr Toly Sawenko Manager Economic Development Central Land Council PO Box 3321 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0870

89516242 or 0407725860

89527387 [email protected]

Mr Sam Miles Central Land Council PO Box 3321 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0870

89516242 89527387

Ms Francene McCarthy Coordinator CLC Regional Office Central Land Council PO Box 879 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89622343 89622084 -

Ms Felicity Blight Coordinator Julalikari Council Aboriginal Corporation PO Box 158 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89622699 89623236 [email protected]

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Name Phone Fax Email Mr Kent Peak Deputy General Manager Julalikari Council Aboriginal Corporation PO Box 158 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861


Mr Bob Wine Regional Manager ATSIC Regional Office PO Box 321 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861


Mr Robert Fuller Liaison Officer Office of Aboriginal Development PO Box 296 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89624582 89624380 robert fuller/oad/ntg@ntgemag

Mr John Childs Director, Natural Resources (South) Department of Lands, Planning & Environment (Natural Resources) PO Box 1512 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871

89518633 89518620

Mr Eric Rooke Manager, Resource Assessment Department of Lands, Planning & Environment (Natural Resources) PO Box 1512 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871


Ms Diana Whitehouse Res Assessment Officer Department of Lands, Planning & Environment Natural Resources PO Box 1512 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871

89518633 89518620

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Name Phone Fax Email Mr Justin Fry Project Officer Land Enterprise Australia PO Box 586 CURTIN ACT 2605

(02) 62692500 (02) 62854300 [email protected]

Mr Luke Bowen Senior Research Officer Indigenous Land Corporation GPO Box 652 ADELAIDE SA 5001

(08) 84075915 (08) 82127214 [email protected]

Mr Glen Jones Civil Maintenance Manager Department of Transport & Works PO Box 96 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861


Mr Peter Wyatt Regional Director Department of the Chief Minister PO Box 296 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861


Mr Les Holland A/Director Regional Development Department of Industries & Business PO Box 2134 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871


Ms Siv Parker Northern Land Council PO Box 396 KATHERINE NT 0851

89722894 89722190

Mr Richard White Kargaru Nursery PO Box 158 TENNANT CREEK NT 0851

89621368 89621368

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Name Phone Fax Email Ms Lorraine Werner Department of Local Government GPO Box 296 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89624568 89624430

Mr Brian Ladd (Trainee) Department of Local Government GPO Box 296 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861

89624568 89624430

Ms Jenny Purdie Regional Director Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries PO Box 159 TENNANT CREEK NT 0861


Mr Keith Hill Advisory Officer Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries PO Box 8760 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871


Mr Geoff Kenna Advisory Officer Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries PO Box 8760 ALICE SPRINGS NT 0871


Dr Niranjan Dasari Director Horticulture Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries GPO Box 990 DARWIN NT 0801


Northern Territory Government Department of …...SWOT ANALYSIS OUTCOMES It was recognised that in considering the suitability of an area for horticulture, from a climatic point of

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