Normal brain ct scan & hydocephalus

Normal Brain CT Scan & HydocephalusNabilah binti Dato’ Ayob

Brain CT scan

Computed tomography (CT), also called a CAT scan, uses x-rays to take pictures of the head from many different angles.

CT scans are widely used and less expensive than other scanning technologies.

A CT scan shows changes in bone better than any other imaging method.

It is also the only scanning technique that shows images of bone, blood vessels and soft tissue at the same time.

Indication

CT scans are used to help diagnose many medical conditions including strokes, head trauma, tumors, hydrocephalus, blood clots, cerebral atrophy, internal bleeding, skull fractures, brain aneurysms, and hearing loss.

Preparation

Don’t need to restrict the intake of any food or fluids before the scan.

However, if contrast is needed, you may be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4-6 hours before the test.

You will be asked to remove your clothing, jewelry and any other items that may interfere with the scan such as eyeglasses or dentures.

Any allergies, asthma or difficulty with breathing. Sensitivity Test for the contrastInform Consent form is sign after explanation given

must be signed before the test started.

ComplicationAllergic reactions to iodine can

include hives, itching, nausea, breathing difficulty or other symptoms

Radiation generated from x-rays is potentially harmful

A. OrbitB. Sphenoid SinusC. Temporal LobeD. External Auditory CanalE. Mastoid Air CellsF. Cerebellar Hemisphere

A. Frontal LobeB. Frontal Bone

(Superior Surface of Orbital Part)

C. Dorsum Sellae

D. Basilar ArteryE. Temporal LobeF. Mastoid Air CellsG. Cerebellar

Hemisphere

A. Frontal LobeB. Sylvian FissureC. Temporal LobeD. Suprasellar

Cistern

E. MidbrainF. Fourth VentricleG. Cerebellar

Hemisphere

A. Falx CerebriB. Frontal LobeC. Anterior Horn of

Lateral Ventricle

D. Third VentricleE. Quadrigeminal

Plate CisternF. Cerebellum

A. Anterior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle

B. Caudate Nucleus C. Anterior Limb of the

Internal Capsule D. Putamen and Globus

Pallidus

E. Posterior Limb of the Internal Capsule

F. Third Ventricle G. Quadrigeminal Plate

Cistern H. Cerebellar Vermis I. Occipital Lobe

A. Falx CerebriB. Frontal LobeC. Body of the

Lateral VentricleD. Splenium of the

Corpus Callosum

E. Parietal LobeF. Occipital LobeG. Superior Sagittal

Sinus

A. Falx CerebriB. SulcusC. GyrusD. Superior Sagittal

Sinus

Hydrocephalus

HydrocephalusExpansion of the ventricular

system on the basis of an increase in the volume of CSF

May be due to:◦Overproduction of CSF (rare)◦Underabsorption of the outflow of

CSF◦Obstruction of the outflow of CSF

from the ventricles

Types of HydrocephalusObstructive

◦Communicating (extraventricular)◦Non-communicating

(intraventricular)Non-obstructive

◦Over production of CSF (rare) Normal pressure Hydrocephalus

◦a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid puts pressure on the brain. (due to aging)

Communicating hydrocephalus with surrounding "atrophy" and increased periventricular and deep white matter signal