Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12 CMOS FABRICATION PROCESS
Jan 05, 2016
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
KEEE 4426
WEEK 12
CMOS FABRICATION PROCESS
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(1)
• nMOS Fabrication
• CMOS Fabrication– p-well process– n-well process– twin-tub process
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(2)• All the devices on the wafer are made at the same time
• After the circuitry has been placed on the chip – the chip is overglassed (with a passivation layer) to protect it– only those areas which connect to the outside world will be left uncovered
(the pads)
• The wafer finally passes to a test station– test probes send test signal patterns to the chip and monitor the output of the
chip
• The yield of a process is the percentage of die which pass this testing
• The wafer is then scribed and separated up into the individual chips. These are then packaged
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(3)
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(4)Photolithography process
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(5)Resists
• negative: areas to be preserved are hardened after exposure to light
• positive: areas to be preserved are not exposed to light
Exposure
UV light used to sensitize the resist using a mask.
DevelopResist areas that are exposed (positive)or not exposed (negative) are removedwith an acid and water wash. resist protected area
resist exposed area
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Fabrication Technology(6)
EtchAreas that are exposed and not protectedby the resist are etched with an acid and water wash. What is left are, depending on the layer being worked on, are patterns that expose underlying layers.
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Cmos Inverter Fabrication
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Cmos Inverter Fabrication
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Cmos Inverter Fabrication
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Layout of an Inverter
Back is metallized to provide a good ground connection
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 1:Make the N-Well
Top view
Cross-sectional view
Mask 1
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 2: Deposit Field Oxide
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 3: Open Field with Active Mask
Mask 2
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 4: Deposit Gate Oxide
The thickness and the quality of the gate oxide are two of the most critical fabrication parameters, since they strongly affect the operational characteristics of the MOS transistor, as well as its long-term reliability.
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 5: Deposit Polysilicon
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 6: Get Oxide Cut (etch)
Mask 3
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 7: N-Diffusion Implant
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 8: P-Diffusion Implant
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 9:Deposit More Oxide
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 10: Contact Cut Etch
Mask 4
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 11: Metal 1 Deposit
Mask 5
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 12:Deposit More oxide
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Steps 13 & 14: Planarize(Polish) & Via Cut(Etch)
Mask 6
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step15: Metal 2 Deposition
Norhayati Soin 05 KEEE 4426 WEEK 12/1 3/13/2005
Step 16: Passivation Layer(Scratch Protect)
Metal 1
Metal 2
Gate oxide
Field Oxide
Polysilicon
N-Diffusion
P-Diffusion
np np
N wellP substrate