Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 37, December 2012, pp. 321-325 Micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of denim fabrics with herbal extracts M Sumithra 1,a & N Vasugi Raaja 2 1 Department of Costume Design and Fashion, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641 014, India 2 Department of Textiles and Clothing, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, India Received 27 July 2011; revised received and accepted 27 February 2012 The present study focuses on the micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation to the 100 % cotton denim fabric using three herbal extracts of Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia hirta to impart their antimicrobial efficiency by finishing the methanol extracts of these herbs on the denim fabric. The combinations of the herbal extract mix Ricinus communis + Senna auriculata + Euphorbia hirta (1:3:2) and the conditions used as per the AATCC 147 (20kgf/cm 2 pressure and 20m/min rpm speed) for direct application to denim using exhaustion method give the best results in terms of antimicrobial efficiency. To enhance the durability of the finished fabric, micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of the herbal extracts are performed and the results show good resistance for microbes even after 30 industrial washes against the test bacterial strains. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Cotton, Denim fabric, Medicinal herbs, Micro-encapsulation, Nano-encapsulation, Wash durability 1 Introduction Consumers are now aware of the fact that bacteria can grow and survive on fabrics commonly used in healthcare environments for more than ninety days, thus contributing to the transmission of diseases 1, 2 . Antimicrobial finishes using natural sources has been the current vogue that promotes natural and ecofriendly life style 3 . An innovative approach is to find out the possibility of making the cloth microbial resistant by applying the plant extracts containing active substances 4 . These natural antimicrobial substances are not only ecofriendly but are also taken from renewable sources 5 . Microbial growth, especially bacteria, in textile materials can result in the deterioration of fabric properties, development of foul smells, skins irritation, and cross infections 6 . Microbes are small organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye. They include a variety of micro– organisms like bacteria, algae and fungi 7 . Encapsulation is a process by which small solid, liquid or gaseous substrates are covered by a polymeric or inorganic shell. The resulting capsules or particles generally range from micrometers to millimeters in size 8 . Applications of micro-encapsulation include controlled release of the active components, particle coating, flavor stabilization, taste masking, physical/chemical stabilization, improvement of shelf life and prevention of exposure of the active material to the surroundings 9 . Two common technologies can be used to obtain such nano-capsules and micro-capsules, namely the interfacial polymerization of a monomer and the interfacial deposition of a preformed polymer 10 . Denim has gained much popularity not by merely complementing a rugged style, but by becoming suitable for any occasion. Denim is being worn irrespective of demographic differences 11 . Denim is so durable because only the warp yarns go through the dyeing process, while the weft yarn is left natural without undergoing any chemical process. This is the advantage of yarn dyed fabric over piece dyed fabric 12 . The scope for denim wear is increasing tremendously every year and its worldwide market share has increased unpredictably in the last few decades. Consumer’s needs are fine-tuned towards the latest developments and new styles; they are also aware of special finishes and process treatments given to the garment to make them eco friendly and user friendly. The present study focuses on the screening for the antimicrobial activity of the natural herbs and providing the denim fabric with the antimicrobial finish from the screened herbal extracts. The combinations and conditions are followed as per the AATCC 147 methods. The study also aimed at using micro-encapsulation and nano- encapsulation techniques to increase the washing durability of the antimicrobial finish provided from the herbal extracts. __________________ a To whom all the correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
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Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research
Vol. 37, December 2012, pp. 321-325
Micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of denim fabrics with herbal extracts
M Sumithra1,a
& N Vasugi Raaja2
1Department of Costume Design and Fashion, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641 014, India 2Department of Textiles and Clothing, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore 641 043, India
Received 27 July 2011; revised received and accepted 27 February 2012
The present study focuses on the micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation to the 100 % cotton denim fabric using three
herbal extracts of Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia hirta to impart their antimicrobial efficiency by finishing
the methanol extracts of these herbs on the denim fabric. The combinations of the herbal extract mix Ricinus communis + Senna
auriculata + Euphorbia hirta (1:3:2) and the conditions used as per the AATCC 147 (20kgf/cm2 pressure and 20m/min rpm
speed) for direct application to denim using exhaustion method give the best results in terms of antimicrobial efficiency. To
enhance the durability of the finished fabric, micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of the herbal extracts are performed
and the results show good resistance for microbes even after 30 industrial washes against the test bacterial strains.