1/9/2019 1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF KNEE ARTHRITIS DAVID M SCHALL MD Knee Arthritis o Total knee arthroplasty is projected to grow 85% to 1.26 million procedures per year by 2030 o Other studies predict up to 3.48 million TKA procedures per year o 17% adults over age 45 have symptomatic OA of knee o Recommend 6 months nonoperative management prior to consideration of knee arthroplasty EVIDENCE- BASED GUIDELINES MEDICAL QUACKERY IS LOOSELY DEFINED AS THE PRACTICE OF PALMING OFF FALSEHOODS AS MEDICAL FACT. IT NOT ALWAYS DONE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCIAL GAIN BUT OFTEN TO CONCOCT OR CONTORT FACT SIMPLY TO SUIT ONE'S OWN PERSONAL BELIEFS OR PRETENSIONS OVERVIEW OF NON- OPERATIVE OPTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6
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NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF KNEE ARTHRITIS · 2019-01-10 · 1/9/2019 1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF KNEE ARTHRITIS DAVID M SCHALL MD Knee Arthritis o Total knee arthroplasty is projected
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1/9/2019
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NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF KNEE ARTHRITISDAVID M SCHALL MD
Knee Arthritis
o Total knee arthroplasty is projected to grow 85% to 1.26 million procedures per year by 2030
o Other studies predict up to 3.48 million TKA procedures per year
o 17% adults over age 45 have symptomatic OA of knee
o Recommend 6 months nonoperative management prior to consideration of knee arthroplasty
EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES
MEDICAL QUACKERY IS LOOSELY DEFINED AS THE PRACTICE OF PALMING OFF FALSEHOODS AS MEDICAL FACT. IT NOT ALWAYS DONE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCIAL GAIN BUT OFTEN TO CONCOCT OR CONTORT FACT SIMPLY TO SUIT ONE'S OWN PERSONAL BELIEFS OR PRETENSIONS
OVERVIEW OF NON-OPERATIVE OPTIONS
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Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline
o American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery(AAOS) : Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Evidence-Based Guideline, 2nd Edition
(2012)
o Input from American Academy of Family Physicians, Am. College of Rheum, and Am. Physical Therapy Association
o 10,000 separate pieces of literature reviewed
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Strong Recommendation: Quality of supporting evidence is high
o Implication: Practitioners should follow a strong recommendation unless a clear and compelling rationale for an alternative approach is present
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Moderate Recommendation: Benefits exceed the potential harm. Quality/applicability of evidence not as strong
o Implication: Practitioners should generally follow a Moderate recommendation but remain alert to new information and be sensitive to patient preferences
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Inconclusive Recommendation: Lack of compelling evidence that has resulted in an unclear balance between benefits and
potential harm
o Practitioners should feel little constraint in following
the recommendation, exercise clinical judgement,
and be alert to emerging evidence that clarifies or helps to determine the balance between benefits
and potential harm
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 1:
Pts with symptomatic OA of knee participate in strengthening, low-impact aerobic exercises, and neuromuscular education and engage in physical activity
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 2:
Suggest weight loss for patients with symptomatic OA of knee and body mass >25
o Strength of recommendation: Moderate
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Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 3a:
Cannot recommend acupuncture in pts with symptomatic knee OA
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 3b:
Unable to recommend for or against the use of physical agents (including electrotherapeutic modalities) in pts with symptomatic OA of the knee
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 3c:
Unable to recommend for or against manual therapy
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 4:
Unable to recommend for or against the use of an unloader brace
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 5:
Cannot suggest that lateral wedge insoles be used for pts with symptomatic medial knee OA
o Strength of recommendation: Moderate
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 6:
Cannot recommend using glucosamine and chondroitin
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
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Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 7a:
Recommend NSAIDs (oral or topical) or tramadol
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 7b:
Unable to recommend for or against use of acetaminophen, opioids, or pain patches
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 8:
Unable to recommend for or against the use of intra-articular corticosteroids
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 9:
Cannot recommend HA for pts with symptomatic OA of knee
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 10:
Unable to recommend for or against growth factor injections and/or platelet rich plasma
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 11:
Cannot suggest that the practitioner use needle lavage
o Strength of recommendation: Moderate
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Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 12:
Cannot recommend performing arthroscopy with lavage and/or debridement in patients with primary diagnosis of OA
o Strength of recommendation: Strong
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Evidence Based Guideline (AAOS)
o Recommendation 13:
Unable to recommend for or against arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in pts with OA of knee with a torn meniscus
o Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
of Knee: Evidence
Based Guideline
(AAOS)
o STRONG recommendations:
o Exercise/strengthening beneficial
o NSAIDS beneficial
o No benefit to glucosamine/chondroitin
o No benefit to acupuncture
o No benefit to arthroscopy if no
meniscal pathology
o No benefit to HA
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
of Knee: Evidence
Based Guideline
(AAOS)
o Moderate recommendations:
o Weight loss beneficial
o Lateral wedge insoles not beneficial
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
of Knee: Evidence
Based Guideline
(AAOS)
o Inconclusive recommendations:
o Acetaminophen, opioids, or pain patches??
o Intra-articular corticosteroids??
o Growth factor or PRP injections??
o Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy??
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INTRA –ARTICULAR CORTICOSTEROIDS
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Overview:
o First reported 65 years ago (1951)
o US survey: 95% rheumatologists administer to pts
o Safely administered at 3 month intervals up to 2 year period in multiple studies
o 30% of pts who underwent a TKA had previous steroid injection
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Overview
o Decrease inflammation
o Decrease pain
o Improved function
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Overview
o Controversy regarding cytotoxicity
o How often? Interval? Max number?
o 2 level one studies: Poor evidence regarding injection frequency/ maximum injections
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Systemic effects:
o Rare cortisone axis
suppression/adrenal insufficiency
o Recovers in 1-2 weeks
o Transient elevation blood glucose
o Lasts average 48 hours
o No net effect on bone resorption
o Septic joint: 1/400,000
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Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Cortisone injections prior to TKA:
o 4 retrospective studies have analyzed the effect on cortisone injections in the knee on the rate of infection following TKA
o 3 of 4 found no association with increased infection
o 1 study showed significant increased infection
o No relationship between number/dose/timing could be established
o Avoid injection within 2 months of arthroplasty
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Matzin et al. JBJS. 2017
o Prospective, randomized control
o 100 pts, single cortisone injection in knee
o Evaluated 3 wks, 6 wks, 3 months, and 6 months
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Matzin et al. JBJS. 2017
o All improved WOMAC scores
o WOMAC scores improved at all time points in Grade I/II OA from baseline all time points
o Obese pts (BMI>30) and Grade III/IV OA- worse scores at baseline, 6 wks, and 3 months- no improvement at 6mos
Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee: Corticosteroids
o Cochrane systemic review and meta-analysis (2015):
o Cortisone injections vs saline vs no treatment for knee OA
o Cortisone moderate improvement with respect to pain, small improvement in physical function-lasted 1-6 weeks
o No increased joint space narrowing
o Cortisone vs placebo-no difference in side effects
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
of Knee:
Summary
o Safe
o Moderate improvement with regard to pain/function