NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Things that you don’t really say, but they say a lot about YOU

Quote

Fie, fie upon her!

There’s language in her eye, her cheek, her lip,Nay her foot speaks, her wanton spirits look out

at every joint and motive of her body.

~ William Shakespeare ~

CHAPTER OUTLINE

DEFINITION

CHARACTERISTICS

Communicative ValueAffected Career Success

PowerfulAmbiguous

Expressed AttitudeCulture Bound

TYPES

VoiceAppearance

The Face & EyesPosture & Movement

Space & DistancePhysical Environment

Time

IMPROVING N.V BEHAVIOR

MonitorObserve ConventionsDemonstrate Interest

DEFINITIONA system of symbolic behaviors that includes all forms of communication except words. http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication

Message components other than words that generate meaning. Andy (2003)

Communication involves messages expressed without words. Adler, Elmhorst, & Lucas,

(2013).

Pioneer in nonverbal research, Ray Birdwhistell (1970),the signals to which meaning will be attributed

Communicative Value

Appearance, facial expression,

nuance of voice has potential convey meaning.

POWERFULImpressions of others from N.V

observations about physical appearance and behavior.

Influence our judgmentsExpress inner feelings

Ambiguous

Create powerful impressions, message coveys are ambiguous

The meaning is open to interpretation and often confusing.

CHARACTERISTICS OF N.V.C

Expresses AttitudesInfer general interest, liking,

disagreement, happy, sad and so on.

Career SuccessAbility to manage N.V.B plays strong role in communicative success.

Culture BoundN.V.B seem to be universalN.V expressions do vary from

culture to culture

Paralanguage describe wide range of vocal characteristics and helps express an attitude

Pitch (High – Low)Resonance (Resonant – Thin)Range ( Spread – Narrow)Tempo (Rapid – Slow)Articulation (Precise – Imprecise)Disfluencies (umm, err, etc)Rhythm (Smooth – Jerky)Pauses (Frequency and duration)Volume (Loud – Soft)

Emotion and feelings of the speakers apparent from the

sound of their voices.

Speaking at a moderate rate can indicate confidence, while speaking at a quicker rate or louder can indicate excitement or agitation. Speaking slower and with less volume may convey a more serious or somber impression (Barnes, 2002).

TYPES OF N.V.C

As a rule, people who look attractive considered to be likable and persuasive and generally have

more successful careers.

Personal appearance convey nonverbal stimuli that affect attitudes, even emotions

Tips choosing wardrobe

Look around (Ask HR about company dress codes)

Dress for the job you wantErr on the side of dressing conservativelyDon’t show too much skinDon’t confuse ‘casual’ with ‘sloppy’

The eyes are frequently referred to as the "windows to the soul" since they are capable of revealing a great deal about what a person if feeling or thinking.

Facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a particular situation. While you may say that you are feeling fine, the look on your face may tell people otherwise. The expressions used to convey fear, anger, sadness, and happiness are similar throughout the world. Researcher Paul Ekman has found support for the universality of a variety of facial expressions tied to particular emotions including joy, anger, fear, surprise, and sadness.

THE FACE & EYES

There are seven universally recognized emotions shown through facial expression:

Happiness: round eyes, smile, raised cheeks

Sadness: raised inner eyebrows, pulling down of outer lips

Surprise: eyebrows raised, wide open eyes, open mouth

Anger: Lower eyebrow, intense stareFear: Raised eyebrows and eyelids, slightly

opened mouth, lip edges stretched back horizontally

Contempt: Naturally occurs on one side of the face, pulling upper lip up and away

Disgust: wrinkled nose, lowered eyelids and eyebrows, raised upper lip

1 2 3

45 6 7

THE FACE

Person’s face communicates emotions clearly.

Eye Contact

To give and receive feedback: Looking at someone lets them know that the receiver is concentrating on the content of their speech. Not maintaining eye contact can indicate disinterest. Communication may not be a smooth process if a listener averts their eyes too frequently.

To let a partner know when it is their 'turn' to speak: Eye contact is more likely to be continuous when someone is listening, rather than speaking. When a person has finished what they have to say, they will look directly at the other person and this gives a signal that the arena is open. If someone does not want to be interrupted, eye contact may be avoided.

To communicate something about a relationship between people: When you dislike someone, you tend to avoid eye contact and pupil size is often reduced. On the other hand, the maintenance of positive eye contact signals interest or attraction in a partner.

www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA

In the western civilizations, eye contact is most often defined as a sign of confidence. Eye contact is not consistent amongst different religions, cultures and social backgrounds.

Examples Cultural Differences: In Asia (including Middle East), keeping eye contact with someone of

authority implies rudeness and can be mistaken as a provoking mean of communication.

In Western societies, eye contact can imply empathy and comes across as a type of emotional connection.

In the 19th century, the Spanish women used eye contact to say what they couldn't express explicitly.

In some Asian countries, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect.

Religious Differences: In extremist religions, eye contact is sometimes frowned upon

amongst people of the opposite sex. Muslim women lower their gaze when in the presence of men.

If you roll your eyes you might as well say, 'I'm so over what you're

saying'.

Pleasant, direct eye contact is maintained by looking at the area between the nose and mouth and

occasionally to the eyes.

Staring is confrontational. It will quickly make the speaker lose

their confidence

Looking down suggests the person is not confident or may not know how to express their opinions. Respect

cultures where direct eye contact is considered rude.

SITUATION

POSTURE & MOVEMENTPOSTURE

The term posture refers to how we hold our bodies as well as overall physical form of an individual. Posture can convey a wealth of information about how a person is feeling as well as hints about personality characteristics, such as whether a person is confident, open, or submissive.

Open posture involves keeping the trunk of the body open and exposed. This type of posture indicates friendliness, openness, and willingness.

Closed posture involves keeping the obscured or hidden often by hunching forward and keeping the arms and legs crossed. This type of posture can be an indicator of hostility, unfriendliness, and anxiety.

Gesture/Movement

Gesticulation introduces emotion and animation to an oral story telling.

Gestures combined with facial expressions can be used to entertain,

instruct or even threaten.

Gestures can be used to:

Emphasize a point Pointing to a wrist watch to suggest time is running out

Illustrate a point Creating a shape with your hands or miming an action

Communicate a desired action Motioning to a chair inviting someone to sit down

Pointing - aggressive and confrontational

Open hand gestures - illustrate your point.

Clenched fists and frowning - angry

A single, open hand gesture

Personal Space and Distance

Distance between ourselves and others also reflects feelings

and attitudes and thus affects

communication

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

TIMEThe way we use time provides a

number of silent messages.

IMPROVING N.V EFFECTIVENESSSelf monitoring

- Process of paying close attention to your behavior & use these observation to shape the way you behave

Look around and suitable/adapt yourself with the circumstance

Immediacy describes closeness and liking

What emotions do these facial expressions portray?

What emotions do these posture/gesture portray?

“The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn’t being said.”

- Peter F. Drucker -

REFERENCES• Andy, (2003). Non verbal communication : messages about messages• Adler, R. B., Elmhorst, J., & Lucas, K., (2013). Communicating at

Work.McGraw-Hill. 11th edition.• Larson, John,Kleiner, & Brian H., (2004). How to Read Non Verbal

Communication in Organizations. Management Research News; 2004; 27, 4/5; ABI/INFORM Complete, pg. 17.

• Retrieved from:- http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication- http://thearticulateceo.typepad.com/my-blog/2011/08/cultural-differences-

monochronic-versus-polychronic.html- https://sites.google.com/site/nonverbalcommunicationportal/forms-of-

nonverbal-communication/eye-contact- http://toolboxes.flexiblelearning.net.au/demosites/series9/903/content/

resources/03_effective_communication/04_nonverbal_comm/page_003.htm- www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA