1 Interpersonal Interpersonal Nonverba Nonverba l l
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InterpersonalInterpersonal
NonverbalNonverbal NonverbalNonverbal
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• The words we use
• Actions, vocal qualities, and activities that typically accompany a verbal message
VerbalVerbal CommunicationCommunication
NonverbalNonverbal CommunicationCommunication
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The Nature ofThe Nature of Nonverbal Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
• Affective
• Ambiguous
• Continuous
• Multi-channeled
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Functions ofFunctions of Nonverbal Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
• Substitute
• Complement
• Contradict
VerbalCommunication
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Nonverbal Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
• Facial expression and eye contact• Kinesics (body motion) • Proxemics and personal space • Artifacts• Touch (haptics)• Paralanguage• Chronemics (time) • Physical characteristics
Everything
except the
words!
Everything
except the
words!
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When nonverbal and verbal contradict, we tend to accept the nonverbal inference.
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Uses of Body MotionUses of Body Motion
• Emblems
• Illustrators
• Affect display
• Regulators
• Adaptors
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EmblemsEmblems
• Nonverbal gestures that take the place of a word or phrase
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IllustratorsIllustratorsNonverbal gestures that complementwhat a speaker is saying
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Affect DisplaysAffect Displays
• Facial expressions and gestures that augment the verbal expression of feelings
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RegulatorsRegulatorsFacial expressions or gestures that are used to control or regulate the flow of a conversation
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AdaptorsAdaptors
• Body motions that are used to relieve tension
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Facial expression is the Facial expression is the strongest nonverbal strongest nonverbal
communicatorcommunicator
Of the face the eye communicates more than
any other feature.
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Eye ContactEye Contact
The majority of people in the United States and other Western cultures expect people to look them in the eye when communicating.
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Eye ContactEye Contact• Japanese direct their
gaze to a position around the Adam’s apple.
• Chinese, Indonesians, and Mexicans lower their eyes as a sign of deference.
• Arabs look intently into others’ eyes showing keen interest.
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ParalanguageParalanguage
• Pitch
• Volume
• Rate
• Quality
Vocal communication minus the words
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TouchTouch
• Touching and being touched are essential to a healthy life
• Touch can communicate power, empathy, understanding
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Self-PresentationSelf-Presentation
• What message do you wish to send with your choice of clothing and personal grooming?M
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TimeTime• How do we
manage and react to others’ management of time
– duration
– activity
– punctuality
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Polychronic and monochronic variations of time exist within cultures. Should we ask polychronics to conform in the workplace?
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Proxemics - Proxemics - how we use the space around us - our environment
• Intimate distance, up to 18”, is appropriate for private conversations between close friends.
• Personal distance, from 18”- 4’, is the space in which casual conversation occurs.
• Social distance, from 4’ – 12’, is where impersonal business such as job interviews is conducted.
• Public distance is anything more than 12’
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Personal Space at Work Personal Space at Work • Your office
• Your desk
• A table in the cafeteria that you sit at regularly
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Color Influences Color Influences CommunicationCommunication
Yellow cheers and
elevates moods
Red excitesand
stimulates
Blue comfortsand
soothes
In some cultures
black suggests mourning
In some cultures
white suggestspurity
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Nonverbal SignalsNonverbal SignalsVary from culture to culture
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What does this symbol What does this symbol mean to you?mean to you?
• In the United States it is a symbol for good job
• In Germany the number one
• In Japan the number five• In Ghana an insult• In Malaysia the thumb is
used to point rather than a finger
-Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games
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To improve our To improve our communication . . .communication . . .
We need to monitor our own nonverbalcommunication and exercise care in interpreting that of others.
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