Non-Point Pollution & Urban Planing Measures

 Non Point Pollution

&Urban Planning Measures

Graduate Report-2013

Sustainable Environmental Planning(CE-636)

Submitted By

Malvika Jaishal

(P12UP004)

Faculty Adviser

Dr. J. E. M. Macwan

PG URBAN PLANNINGCivil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Planning),

Semester-1

Contents

• Introduction• Pollution • Non Point Pollution

– Principal sources• Urban and suburban areas• Agricultural operations• Atmospheric inputs• Forestry and mining operations• Marinas and boating activities

• Planning Measures For Pollution• Case Study :

– Non-Point regulation in United States & India• Summary• References

Introduction

This presentation attempts to give a brief summary on the cause of Non-Point Pollution and Urban Planning approach to counteract the pollution.

It also give a short description on difference between Point and Non-Point Pollution.

It includes a case study on Non-point regulation in United States & India.

Pollution

Pollution is “something in the wrong place at the wrong time in the wrong quantity”

-(Holdgate, 1979).

Pollution classified as:• Point pollution• Non-point pollution

Non Point Pollution

• Principal sources

– Urban and suburban areas– Agricultural operations– Forestry and mining operations– Marines and boating activities

Planning Measures For Non-Point Pollution

• Identification of NPS sensitive areas• Regulation of Land use• Impose conditional use permits• Provide Buffer zone• Built Retention ponds.• Use of porous pavement• Provide vegetation filter strips• Public Involvement & education• Operation & Maintenance

Source: USEPA-Missouri Stream Team Watershed Coalition

Source: “Vegetative Filter Strips for Non-point Control in Agriculture” ANR Publication Page no-3

Nonpoint Regulation -United States

• The Clean Water Act (CWA) serves as the foundation for water quality regulation in the United States

• In 1987-. Section 319 of the amended Act requires each state to develop and implement a management programme for nonpoint pollution.

• CWA specifically states – “that return flows from irrigated agriculture and agricultural storm water discharges are not point sources.”

• A significant portion of the financial support for these efforts comes from the federal government.

• Federal funding for these programmes is currently approximately US $200 million per year

• States are employing a variety of methods to address nonpoint sources of pollution in a more coordinated way.– i.e. In 1969, the California Legislature passed the

“Porter–Cologne Water Quality Control Act”.

• Thus the United States faces significant challenges with regard to addressing nonpoint sources of pollution

Case Study : Non-Point regulation in India

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 (the Act) is the primary water quality management law in India.

• The Act does not explicitly address nonpoint source pollution, but several of its provisions could be used to control pollution from nonpoint as well as point sources.

• CPCB recognized in its 2000/01 annual report that nonpoint water pollution sources were becoming prominent

• The Report concluded that “the only solution to diffuse sources of pollution is to integrate land use with water management” (CPCB, 2007)

Summary

• In the absence of national initiatives, nonpoint pollution will remain a low priority at the central & state level in India. Unless and until industrial and municipal point sources of pollution are regulated effectively.

• Specific standards should be released by Govt. to control the Non-point Pollution.

Refernces 1. Keith Loague and Dennis L Corwin (2005) “Point and NonPoint Source Pollution”.published in

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences.

2. Mark E.,Anthony & David (2006)“Vegetative FIlter Strips for Non-point Control in Agriculture,regents of university of California 8195,3-4.

3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), "Nonpoint Source Pollution" published in. Washington D.C. (September 2007).

4. Priyanka Jamwal,Atul K. Mittal,(2002) “Point and non-point microbial source pollution: A case study of Delhi” published in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 490-499.

5. Susan, Adam & Jessica (March 2011), “Regulating Nonpoint Source Water Pollution in a Federal Government: Four Case Studies”, published in Water Resources Development, Vol. 27, No. 1, 53–69.

6. Yuhei Inamori , Nsoshi Fujimoto, “Non-Point Sources of Pollution” , published in Water Qualty abd standards-Vol II.