April 25, 2002 Frank Pfenning Carnegie Mellon University http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fp/courses/graphics/ Pen-and-Ink Illustrations Painterly Rendering Cartoon Shading Technical Illustrations Acknowledgment: Steve Lin Pen-and-Ink Illustrations Painterly Rendering Cartoon Shading Technical Illustrations Acknowledgment: Steve Lin Non-Photorealistic Rendering Non-Photorealistic Rendering 15-462 Computer Graphics I Lecture 22
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Non Non--Photorealistic RenderingPhotorealistic …...based on 3D data 3D Photorealistic Renderers Traditional Computer Graphics 04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 6 OutlineOutline • Pen-and-Ink
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April 25, 2002Frank PfenningCarnegie Mellon University
• Complex physical phenomena for artistic effect• Build simple approximations• Paper generation as random height field
• Simulated effects
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 27
Fluid Dynamic SimulationFluid Dynamic Simulation
• Use water velocity, viscosity, drag, pressure, pigment concentration, paper gradient
• Paper saturation and capacity
• Discretize and use cellular automata
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 28
Interactive PaintingInteractive Painting
User input
Simulationin progress
Finished painting
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 29
Automatic Painting ExampleAutomatic Painting Example
Hertzmann 1997
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 30
Automatic Painting from ImagesAutomatic Painting from Images
• Start from color image: no 3D information• Paint in resolution-based layers
– Blur to current resolution– Select brush based on current resolution– Find area of largest error compared to real image– Place stroke– Increase resolution and repeat
• Layers are painted coarse-to-fine• Styles controled by parameters
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 31
Layered PaintingLayered Painting
Blurring
Adding detail with smaller strokes
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 32
Brush StrokesBrush Strokes
• Start at point of maximal error– Calculate difference between original image and
image painted so far
• Direction perpendicular to gradient– Stroke tends to follow equally shaded area
• Stopping criteria– Difference between brush color and original image
color exceeds threshold– Maximal stroke length reached
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 33
Longer Brush StrokesLonger Brush Strokes
• For longer, curved brush strokes– Repeat straight line algorithm– Stop, again on length or difference threshold
• Use anti-aliased cubic B-spline
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 34
Painting StylesPainting Styles
• Style determined by parameters– Approximation threshold– Brush sizes– Curvature filter– Blur factor– Minimum and maximum stroke lengths– Opacity– Grid size– Color jitter
• Encapsulate parameter settings as style
04/25/2002 15-462 Graphics I 35
Some StylesSome Styles
• “Impressionist”– No random color, 4 · stroke length · 16– Brush sizes 8, 4, 2; approximation threshold 100