Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity Resilience 2014 – Montpellier Rural’Est off-site session Catherine Darrot
Mar 30, 2015
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity
Resilience 2014 – Montpellier
Rural’Est off-site session
Catherine Darrot
Origin of the questions Research in social sciences :
questionning public stereotypes
Two stereotypes about small family farms in Poland between 2003 and 2007
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Origin of the questions1. Farm land: small family farms were
accused to block farmland market by keeping land, and consequently to limit the potential of development of larger and more active farms
2. Food market: small family farms were accused of low contribution to national economy because of their low qualtity of marketed products
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Data
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Drobin
8 monogr.
Knyszyn,
15 monogr.
Steszew - 10 monogr. Zator, 10 monogr.
41 farmmonographs from 2004 to 2006 : deux modalité de ciblage des exploitations
Sample1. Farm land: small family farms were
accused to block farmland market by keeping land, and consequently to limit the potential of development of larger and more active farms
2. Food market: small family farms were accused of low contribution to national economy because of their low qualtity of marketed products
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
6
Typology of the trajectory of those 41 peasant-like farms (df Mendars)
Two trajectories driving out of the peasant-like model
1. « Heritage » farms
2. Farms evolving toward a specialised/intensified model
Three « peasant-like » trajectories
1. Semi-subsistence farms
2. Intensified peasant-like marlet-related farm
3. Diversification of rural activities
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
7
Composition du revenu familial en zlpour chaque catégorie de notre typologie
(48 000 zl = 12 000 euros = 2 salaires moyens polonais/an)
0
48000
96000
144000
192000
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3A Type 3B Type 4
Pensions de retraites
Revenus hors ventesagricoles, et allocations
Aide UE
Autoconsommation
Produit net des ventes agric.
Typologie des exploitations : REVENUSMontpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
1st non-market process
Farm land transfer
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon:
Non-formal land renting
1. Yearly2. From one small, less-active farm to
a larger, more active farm
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon:
Non-formal land renting
1. Reversibility ! When land needed Land back to the small farm
2. (4 cases in our sample = 10 % of the total sample)
Tchayanovian cycle! When family gets larger / when
unemployment (farm = « life inssurance »)
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Farms Area owned Area realy farmedDifference
in ha
K1 14 11 - 3
Z1 1,28 1,28 0
Z3 5,35 5,35 0
Z6 3,2 1 - 2,2
K2 5,65 3,15 - 2,5
K13 9,83 11,83 2
D6 8,54 8,54 0
D7 11 11 0
S3 6 2,25 -3,75
S5 3 3 0
S7 3,5 2,5 -1
Average 6.5 5.5 - 1 ha
Our sample: Land use of small farms with reduced activity or only for semi-subsistence
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Our sample: Land use of farms with a more significant activity
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Area declared (visible
instatistics)
Area realy
farmed thanks to unformal land rent
Difference
Average 15,4 20,4 + 4,9 ha
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon:
Non-formal land renting
1. Non-market process1. « Active » farmer runs the land for free
and keeps it in good conditions2. Owner claims EU funds = « Rent »
2. Cycle: reversibility
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
2nd non-market process
Food transfer
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Farm« Linked-
couple/family »
Food gifts
supportDirect marketing of ra
w
farm products
Market intermediary actors
Mark
ete
d f
arm
pro
duct
s
Potatoes
Poultry and eggs
Milk
1
2
3
4
Crossing
- Farm monographs: Sociologic and economic quantitative and qualitative data
With
- National statistic data: demography of farming and rural sector
The food volumes concerned by processes 1 and 2 can be estimated
And framed between a ground value and a top value
Top value
- Maximal number of Polish farms (source GUS : 2,38 millions)
- The volumes of food concerned in the families where they are the highest (monographs)
Ground value
- Minimal number of Polish farms(source Eurostat : 1,13
millions)
- The volumes of food concerned in the families where they are lower (monographs)
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Part approximative de chaque produit
dans l'alimentation familiale en Pologne rurale
Viandes et œufs
35%
Pommes de terre
15%
Légumes
15%
Produits laitiers
10%
Fruits
5%
Pain et céréales
15%
Autres graisses
5%
(Approche anthropologique – Sources : données de terrain de l’auteur)
Part de chaque aliment auto-produit dans les exploitations familiales les moins autonomes
Autonomie alimentaire : 60 % de la ration
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
Viandeset œufs
Pommesde terre
Légumes Produitslaitiers
Fruits Pain etcéréales
Autresgraisses
Part de chaque aliment acheté dansla ration familiale
Part de chaque aliment auto-produitdans la ration familiale familiale
Food autonomy in an « average » Polish familly farm: 70 %
Part de chaque aliment auto-produit dans les exploitations familiales les plus autonomes
Autonomie alimentaire : 78 % de la ration
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
Viandeset œufs
Pommesde terre
Légumes Produitslaitiers
Fruits Pain etcéréales
Autresgraisses
Part de chaque aliment acheté dansla ration familiale
Part de chaque aliment auto-produitdans la ration familiale familiale
41 monographs familiales
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Top values Ground values
% of the national population
% of the food concerned
% of the national population
% of the food concerned
Persons living on the farm 30,50% 18% 14% 8%
« Linked » family 9,40% 5% 4% 1,30%
Enlarged family 15% 1,50% 7% 0,20%
Local society 17% 4% 8% 0,40%
Total 72% 29% 33% 10%
Framing the reality
As a carefull indication, the average between the ground and top values are;
Population concerned by non-marketed food
(average)52%
Proportion of the national food concerned in volumes
(average)19%We want to estimate here the % of the non-matketed
Polish food
And the % of the population benefiting of it Carefull : This study does not include urban food gardens, which also
contribute for potentially high quantities
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Question1. Those data are not recent
2. What about the current situation ?
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT
Thank you for your attention
Montpelllier – Resilience 2014
Rural’Est off-site session
Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT