Nokia Network Planning Overview

NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_1

NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES

Planning Services

NPLOVE

Network Planning Overview



NPLOVE Contents

• Network Planning Training Program

• Network Planning Overview

• Network Dimensioning and Capacity Planning

• Coverage Planning and Site Selection

• Microcellular Planning

• Indoor Planning

• Intelligent Underlay-Overlay (IUO)

• Frequency Planning

• Parameter Planning

• Network Verification and Optimisation



Network Planning Training Program

GSM/PCN SYSTRA

NPLTRA

NPLOVE 1 DAY3-24 PEOPLE

NPLTOV 1 DAY3-24 PEOPLE

BSSPAR 2 DAYS3-24 PEOPLE



Network Planning Targets

• To achieve required radio coverage

• To maximise the network capacity(Erl/km2) with limited frequency band (MHz)

• To reach good Quality of Service (QOS)

• To minimize the number of network elements and costs



Network Planning Process

NETWORK EVOLUTION FIGURESPOWER BUDGETS & CELL SIZESFREQUENCY REUSE SCHEMESBUSINESS PLANSNETWORK SKETCHESTRANSMISSION PLAN ESTIMATES

SITE LISTCOVERAGE PLANINTERFERENCE ANALYSISFREQUENCY PLANCAPACITY PLANTRANSMISSION PLANPARAMETER PLAN

NETWORK DIMENSIONING

COVERAGEQUALITYCAPACITY

NETWORKEQUIPMENTESTIMATION

DETAILED PLANNING

COVERAGE PLANNING

SITE SELECTION

TRANSMISSION PLANNING & OPTIMIZATION

PARAMETER PLANNING & TUNING

TRANSMISSION OPTIMIZATION

BUSINESS PLANNING

NETWORK LAYOUT

NETWORK PLAN

INTERFERENCEANALYSIS

FREQUENCYPLANNING



Radio Network Planning Process

Network Dimensioning & Capacity planning

Frequency Planning & Interference Analysis

Verification & Optimisation

BSS Parameter Planning &Neighbours definition

Network Launch

NetDim

NPS/X

OMC, NMS/X

NPS/X

OMCCoverage planning & Site Selection

Propagation Measurements & Model Tuning

NMS/X

Implementation

Business Planning



Network Planning Environment

NPS/XBasic Package

Digital Maps Antenna DBNPS/XMap Editor

NPS/XGSM Simulator

Measured Data

NMS/X

BS Data Propagation ModelsBSS Parameters System Data

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE CENTER

NPS/XTransmission

OMC DatabaseOMC Applications



Network Measurement System (NMS/X)

Micro Computer

Digital Maps Site DataGPS Antenna Unit

SpectrumAnalyzer

GPS ReceiverDead Reckon.Module

MS DOS Disk

AC Power Supply

Preamplifier (Optional)

Speed Sensor

Compass



Network Planning Environment in Practise

OMC

NPS/X NMS/X

• DCS1800 Simulator• DX200 Algorithm

GPS Satelite

Parameter Verification / Quality Surveys• ASCII file

• Parameter inputUL

DL



Network Dimensioning Input

• Capacity Related

• Coverage Related

• Quality Related

• Spectrum Available• Subscriber Growth Forecast• Traffic Density Map (Traffic per Subs)

• Coverage Regions• Area Types Information

• MS Classes• Blocking Probability• Location Probability• Redundancy• Indoor Coverage



Capacity CalculationsErlang-B Table

Blocking Probability Blocking ProbabilityChannels 1% 2% 3% 5% Channels 1% 2% 3% 5%

1 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,05 21 12,80 14,00 14,90 16,202 0,15 0,22 0,28 0,38 22 13,70 14,90 15,80 17,103 0,46 0,60 0,72 0,90 23 14,50 15,80 16,70 18,104 0,87 1,09 1,26 1,52 24 15,30 16,60 17,60 19,005 1,36 1,66 1,88 2,22 25 16,10 17,50 18,50 20,006 1,91 2,28 2,54 2,96 26 17,00 18,40 19,40 20,907 2,50 2,95 3,25 3,75 27 17,80 19,30 20,30 21,908 3,13 3,63 3,99 4,54 28 18,60 20,20 21,20 22,909 3,78 4,34 4,75 5,37 29 19,50 21,00 22,10 23,8010 4,46 5,08 5,53 6,22 30 20,30 21,90 23,10 24,8011 5,16 5,84 6,33 7,08 31 21,20 22,80 24,00 25,8012 5,88 6,61 7,14 7,95 32 22,00 23,70 24,90 26,7013 6,61 7,40 7,97 8,83 33 22,90 24,60 25,80 27,7014 7,35 8,20 8,80 9,73 34 23,80 25,50 26,80 28,7015 8,11 9,01 9,65 10,60 35 24,60 26,40 27,70 29,7016 8,88 9,83 10,50 11,50 36 25,50 27,30 28,60 30,7017 9,65 10,70 11,40 12,50 37 26,40 28,30 29,60 31,6018 10,40 11,50 12,20 13,40 38 27,30 29,20 30,50 32,6019 11,20 12,30 13,10 14,30 39 28,10 30,10 31,50 33,6020 12,00 13,20 14,00 15,20 40 29,00 31,00 32,40 34,60



Spectrum Efficiency

S

n x A x B

• S total spectrum available

• n reuse factor

• A cell area

• B channel bandwidth



Frequency Reuse Patterns (OMNI 7)

12 4

5 6

7

3

12 4

5 6

7

3

12 4

5 6

7

3

12 4

6

7

3

12 4

5 6

7

3

12 4

5 6

7

3

12 4

5 6

7

3

5



Frequency Reuse Patterns (3x3)

1 234 5

7 8

9

6

•

1 234 5

7 8

9

6

•

1 234 5

7 8

9

6

•

1 234 5

7 8

9

6

•

1 234 5

7 8

9

6

• 1 234 5

7 8

9

6

•

• •

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•



Frequency Reuse Patterns (4x3)

10 7

6

3 4

1

11

8

5

29

12•

•

•

• 10 7

6

3 4

1

11

8

5

29

12•

•

•

•

10 7

6

3 4

1

11

8

5

29

12•

•

•

• 10 7

6

3 4

1

11

8

5

29

12•

•

•

•



Maximum capacity

Grade of Service 0.02 2 %Spectrum 36 7.2 MHz

Cell Range 0.5 kmReuse factor 9 12 18Carriers/Cell 4 3 2Erlangs/3cells 65.78 44.67 27.02Coverage Area/site 0.4875Erlangs/km2 134.93 91.64 55.42

• example how to calculate the maximum capacity



Capacity Calculations

• Based on 2 % Grade of Service and 3-sector-site having 500m cell range

Capacity

79.56

55.42

30.50

134.93

91.64

55.42

192.68

134.93

79.56

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

200.00

9 12 18

Reuse Pattern

Erl

ang

s/km

2

4.8

7.2

9.6



Capacity Enhancement Solutions

• Conventional solutions

• Cell splitting

• Site distance reduction

• Interference Reduction Features (PC, FH, DTX)

• Extra Spectrum

• Extended GSM (10 MHz)

• Dual Band/ Dual Mode

• Microcells (Hotspot, Continuous Layer)

• Indoor Planning Solutions

• Intelligent Underay Overlay



WLL subscribers

Power Budget: Downlink

path loss = 154 dB

combiner loss = 4 dB

Feeder Loss = 3 dB

Rx Sensitivity- 102 dBm

Tx Power43 dBm (20W)

AntennaGain = 16

- 102 dBm

52 dBm

36 dBm

39 dBm



WLL subscribers

Power Budget: Uplink

path loss = 154 dBFeeder Loss = 3 dB

Tx Power33 dBm (2W)

AntennaGain = 16 Diversity

Gain = 4

33 dBm

- 121 dBm

- 101 dBm

- 104 dBm

Rx Sensitivity -104 dB



Power Budget & Cell SizesRADIO LINK POWER BUDGET MS CLASS: 4

GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 1800 System: DCS1800 RECEIVING END: BS MS

RX RF-input sensitivity dBm -104.00 -100.00 AInterference degrad. margin dB 0.00 0.00 BCable loss + connector dB 3.00 0.00 CRx antenna gain dBi 18.00 0.00 DDiversity gain dB 4.00 0.00 EIsotropic power dBm -123.00 -100.00 F=A+B+C-D-EField strength dBµV/m 19.31 42.31 G=F+Z*

* Z = 77.2 + 20*log(freq[MHz])TRANSMITTING END: MS BS

TX RF output peak power W 0.25 3.96(mean power over RF cycle) dBm 23.98 35.98 KIsolator + combiner + filter dB 0.00 4.00 LRF-peak power, combiner output dBm 23.98 31.98 M=K-LCable loss + connector dB 0.00 3.00 NTX-antenna gain dBi 0.00 18.00 OPeak EIRP W 0.25 49.88(EIRP = ERP + 2dB) dBm 23.98 46.98 P=M-N+OIsotropic path loss dB 146.98 146.98 Q=P-F

CELL SIZES

COMMON INFO DU U SU F O

MS antenna height (m): 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5BS antenna height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 45.0Standard Deviation (dB): 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0BPL Average (dB): 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.0 6.0BPL Deviation (dB): 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0OKUMURA-HATA (OH) DU U SU F OArea Type Correction (dB) 3.0 0.0 -6.0 -10.0 -15.0WALFISH-IKEGAMI (WI) DU U SU F O

Roads width (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0Road orientation angle (degrees): 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0Building separation (m): 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0Buildings average height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0INDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O

Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin + BPL (dB): 22.8 19.8 17.8 13.8 13.8Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 65.1 62.1 60.1 56.1 56.1Coverage Threshold (dBm): -77.2 -80.2 -82.2 -86.2 -86.2Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%

Cell Range (km): 0.37 0.55 0.94 1.89 2.65OUTDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O

Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin (dB): 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8Coverage Threshold (dBm): -95.5 -95.5 -95.5 -95.5 -95.5Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%

Cell Range (km): 1.24 1.51 2.24 3.55 4.97




GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 1900 System: PCS1900 RECEIVING END: BS MS




CELL SIZES







Cell Range (km): 1.18 1.43 2.12 3.36 4.71




GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 900 System: GSM RECEIVING END: BS MS




CELL SIZES







Cell Range (km): 3.73 4.54 6.71 11.06 15.51



Typical Site Configurations

Omni Road Three Sectorized

• R •

R

R•

R = Cell RangeS = Site Area

K = 2.6 K = 1.3 K = 1.95

S = K R 2



Radiation PatternRadiation Pattern

• Horizontal and vertical patterns are specified for antennas.

• Down (positive) and Up (negative) tilting of antenna is possible if the vertical pattern is specified.

Horizontal Pattern(Top View)

Vertical Pattern(Side View)



Location Probability

Slow Fading Margin

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98

Area Location Probability

SFMargin

• Probability for the certain signal level in the coverage area • Bigger slow fading margin increases the probability• Deviation of the signal and slope factor needed for calculation



Multipath Propagation



Basic Cell Types and Models

Macro cell, Okumura-Hata model, radius 2 - 4 km

Micro cell, Walfish-Ikegami model,also ray-tracing radius 100 - 500 m

Pico cell, 2 floors



Okumura-Hata Model

fHbHmRa(Hm)a(Hm)

Frequency [MHz], range 150-2000BS effective antenna height [m], range 30-200MS antenna height [m], range 1-10Distance [km], range 1-20Correction factor for MS antenna height

L = A +B log(f ) - 13.82 log(Hb) - a(Hm)

+ (44.9 - 6.55 log(Hb)) log(R)

A B

69.55 26.16

46.30 33.90

150-1500

1500-2000

f [MHz]

1.1 log(f ) - 0.7) Hm - (1.56 log(f ) - 0.8), large city

3. 2 (log(11.75 Hm)) , small city2

4 97.



COST-231 Walfish-Ikegami

Basic Parameters

L = 42.6 + 26 log(d) + 20 log(f ) , LOS

L = 32.4 + log(d) + 20 log(f ) +L L , NLOSrts msd

20

• Frequency Range = 800 - 2000 MHz• 0.02 - 0.2 km for LOS• 0.02 - 5 km for NLOS



Multiray Microcell Model

• Direct wave

• Ground reflected wave

• Multiple reflections

• Over roof diffraction

• Side Diffraction

• Side diffractions after multiple reflections

• Wall penetration

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx



Combined Umbrella & Power Budget

macrocells

microcells

UMB,RR

PBGT,RR

PBGT,RRUMB,RR



Rapid Field Drop

Chained Cell

MS

Serving Cell



Extensions to microcell HO area

A

A'S

Tunnel case, leaky cable

A

A'

S

Street corner, repeater



Fast Moving Mobile Detection

BCCH

BCCH

fast moving mobile

slow moving mobile



Indoor Solutions

•Leaky Feeder

•Power Splitter

•Passive Repeaters

•Active Repeaters (under study)

•Remote RF head

•Micro BTS

•RF Distribution Hub and Optional Antenna (under study)



Leaky Feeder

BTSLeaky Feeder

BTS

Jumper Cable

Leaky Feeder

Tunnel or Subway Underground



Passive Repeater

BTS

Outdoor Antenna A

Gain: 18 dBi

Outdoor Antenna B

Gain: 18 dBi

Ground Floor

1st Floor

2nd Floor

BasementIndoor Antenna

Gain: 9dBi

Nearest BTS site Target Indoor Coverage Building

7/8'' Cable

Loss: 4dB/50m

Cable length: 25m

-50 dBm



Active Repeater+Splitter

Ground Floor

1st Floor

2nd Floor

Basement

Repeater

Splitter

Indoor Omni Antenna

Gain: 2dBi

BTS

Outdoor Antenna A

Gain: 18 dBi

Outdoor Antenna B

Gain: 9 dBi

7/8'' Cable 4dB loss/50m

Closest BTS site Target Indoor Coverage Building

-60 dBm

X

Y

Z

Cable length to Antenna X: 25m

Cable length to Antenna Y: 10m

Cable length to Antenna Z: 10m

Cable length to Antenna B: 25m

Repeater Gain: 80 dBm

Antenna X EIRP: 23 dBm

Antenna Y EIRP: 24.6 dBm

Antenna Z EIRP: 24.6 dBm



Application of indoor BTS

Leaky Feeder

Indoor BTS

Indoor Antenna

Remote RF Head

FiberOptic Cable

Basement



f3

f3

f3

f3

f1

f1

f1

f1f2

f2

f2

f2

• Regular BCCH-TRX

• super-reuse TRX

• different frequencereuse patterns

• interference limiteddominance areas insuper-reuse TRXs

• selection betweenregular/super-reuseTRXs based on C/I ratio

• call setup to regular TRX

• inter cell HOs betweenregular TRXs

Intelligent Underlay Overlay (IUO)



C/I ratio measurement in IUO

C/I = 15 dB C/I = 15 dB

Super-TRX service area Regular-TRX service area

f1 f1



Co-Channel Interference

C / I = C / I , where k = 1, 2, . . . , K

P2 / P1 = D2 / D1 or P2 = P1 +10 b log(D1 / D2)

k

-b -b

•

•

• •

•

• P1

P2

D1 D2

C / I = R / (6 D ) for pattern OMNI 7-b -b

Ifb

D / R = 3K then C / I = 1 / 6* 3K1 2 2/ /



Interference in 3-sector case

D

D+0.7RR

E

C/I = R-b/((D+0.7R)-b + D-b)



Time Dispersion

A1

A2A

A1 + A2 - A > 4.5 km

C/I < 9 dB



CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS

Time Slots and Frames

0 1 2 2425 0 1 2 49 50

0 7

Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes

Superframe = 26x51 or 51x26 Multiframes

26 Multiframe = 120 ms 51 Multiframe = 235 ms

TDMA frame = 4.615 ms



CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS

Burst Period

0 7

TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

= BURST PERIOD

0

0 0

f s



Logical Channels, Downlink

BSS -> MS

BCH

CCCH

FCCH

SCH

BCCH

PCH

AGCH

DCCH

TCH

SDCCH

SACCH

FACCH

TCH

TCH

COMMON CHANNELS

DEDICATED CHANNELS



Logical Channels, Uplink

MS -> BSS

CCCH RACH

DCCH

TCH

SDCCH

SACCH

FACCH

TCH

TCH

COMMON CHANNELS

DEDICATED CHANNELS



Coding Level & Quality

LEVEL QUALITY

P (dBm) FS (dBuV/m) LEV

-110 27 0-109 28 1-108 29 2 . . . . . . . . .-49 88 61-48 89 62-47 90 63

BER (%) BER (%) QUAL

RANGE MEAN< 0.2 0.14 00.2-0.4 0.28 10.4-0.8 0.57 20.8-1.6 1.13 31.6-3.2 2.26 43.2-6.4 4.53 56.4-12.8 9.05 6> 12.8 18.1 7



Averaging and Sampling

HoThresholdLevDL = 33 (= -77 dBm)

30 2550 3545 40 1520 10

480 msAVERAGE=40, P=0

AVERAGE=35, P=0

AVERAGE=30, P=1

AVERAGE=25, P=2

AVERAGE=20, P=3

WindowSize = 5, Weighting = 1

Px = 3, Nx = 4

btsMeasAver = 1 (no pre-processing in BTS)

Handover attempt



BSC Measurement Data Processing

• MS DATA (MEASURED BY BTS)

0 1 0 0

3 2 2

0 0 1

3

1 0 1 0

54

0 0

5 4 4 4 4 5 6

56545450

0 0 0

485145

2

43474441

00

3632

2 1 0 3 0 4 5

1 1 1 0

5 6 7 6

33302832

5 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

54545252

0 1 0

464840

0

42444445

00

4035

1 2 2 3 5 6 4

0 0 0 0

33343536

4 3 2 2

4049484645434240403938

025303232403842444348506058565456

3335384042444851535456

LEV_NCELL(n)

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)

• BTS DATA (MEASURED BY MS)

• ABTS DATA (MEASURED BY MS)

DTX USED

QUAL_DL

RXLEV_DL

AV_RXLEV_DL_HO

DTX USED

QUAL_UL

RXLEV_UL

TIMING ADVANCE EXAMPLES:

1. HO AVERAGING AND COMPARISON

Window Size = 8, Weighting = 2

HoThresholdLevDL = 38 (-72 dBm), Px = 1 Nx = 1

2. ABTS AVERIGING AND PBGT COMPARISON

WindowSizeAdjaCell = 6

hoPeriodPBGT = 8 SACCH (= 4 s)

hoMarginLev = 6 dB



MS Measurements during the Call

• Measures the Lev and Qual of the Server

• Detects whether DTX is used

26-FRAME MULTIFARME 120 ms

TDMA FRAMES:

TCH SACCH IDLE

• Measures the BA frequencies (System Info 5)

• BSIC decoding

• Pre-Synchronization

RX TX RX TX TX RXMEAS MEASMEAS

TDMA FRAME 4.615 ms

SACCH PERIOD = 480 ms



BSS Parameters: General

BTS

bsIdentityCode (ncc & bcc)btsIDcellIDlocationAreaID

numberOfBlocksForAccessGrantnoOfMultiframesBetweenPagingnumberOfRetransmissionnoOfSlotsSpreadTrans

maxQueueLengthtimeLimitCalltimeLimitHandoverqueueingPriorityCallqueueingPriorityHandovermsPriorityUsedInQueueingqueuePriorityUsed

radioLinkTimeoutIMSIAttachDetach

0 ... 71 ... 1281 ... 65535mcc 0 ... 999 mnc 0 ... 99 lac 0 ... 65535

0 ... 72 ... 91, 2, 4, 73-12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50

0 ... 100 %1 ... 30 s1 ... 30 s1 ... 141 ... 14Y/NY/N

4 ... 64Y/N



BSS Parameters: Handover

BTS

btsLoadThresholdbtsMeasAverdtxModeminIntBetweenHoReqminIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttemptallAdjacentAveragednumberOfZeroResults

interferenceAveragingPeriodmaxNumberOfRepetitionmsDistance Bbehaviour

0 ... 100 %1 ... 40 ... 20 ... 31 s0 ... 31 sY/N0 ...7

1 ... 325 ... 350 ... 60 s, 255

BSC

numberOfPreferredCellsgsm/dcsMacrocellThresholdgsm/dscMicroCellThreshold

1 ... 1613 ... 43 dBm13 ... 43 dBm

ABTS

adjacentCellID (lac &CI)bCCHFrequencybsIdentityCode (ncc & bcc)hoLoadFactorhoPriorityLevelsynchronized

0 ... 655351 ... 1240 ... 70 ... 70 ... 7Y/N



Handover: Reason Level

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A)

A = msTxPwrMax(n) - msTxPwrMax

1.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > AV_RXLEV_DL_HO + hoMarginLev(n)2’.

BTS MS ABTS 1 ... N

Reasons:

hoAveragingLevDL windowSize 1 ... 32 weighting 1 ... 3hoThresholdsLevDL -47 ... -110 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32

hoAveragingLevUL windowSize 1 ... 32 weighting 1 ... 3hoThresholdsLevUL -47 ... -110 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32

hoMarginLevrxLevMinCellmsTxPwrMaxCell

-24 ... 24 dB- 110 ... - 47 dBm13 ... 43 dBm

enableHoMarginLevQual Y/N



BSS Parammeters: Power Control

BTS MS

pcUpperThresholldsQualDLpcLowerThresholdsQualDLpcAveragingQualDL

pcUpperThresholldsLevDLpcLowerThresholdsLevDLpcAveragingLevDL

powerCtrlEnabledpowerControlIntervalpowerIncrStepSizepowerRedStepSize

Y/N0 ... 31 s2, 4, 6 dB2, 4 dB

pcUpperThresholldsQualULpcLowerThresholdsQualULpcAveragingQualUL

pcUpperThresholldsLevULpcLowerThresholdsLevULpcAveragingLevUL

0 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 320 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3

-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3

0 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 320 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3

-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3bsTxPwrMin

13 ... 43 dBm

bsTxPwrMax13 ... 43 dBm

minMSTxPwrPower13 ... 43 dBm

msTxPwrMax13 ... 43 dBm



Network Verification and Optimisation

• Site Surveys and Field Measurements- Evaluating site candidates- Verifying radio coverage and external

interferences• Network Verification and Quality Surveys

- Verifying operational network quality in

accordance to given criteria

- Reporting analysed results, Executive Report

• Network Optimisation- Optimising radio network parameters using

results from OMC and field measurements

- Adjusting frequency plan, antenna system etc.

NMS/X

BTS 1

Air Interface

NPS/X

OMC

Mobile Station

BSC 4

BTS 2

Reports



Network Quality & Efficiency

QUALITY METRICS FOR CUSTOMER NETWORK

Value A B Weighting ResultQuality class 0...5 [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Signal level 90% of time [dBuV/m] 42 40 60 20 % 2

Call success rate [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Handover success rate [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Subscribers/TRX [ ] 0 0 200 20 % 0

Network quality and efficiency factor [ ] 50

Result = (Value-A)/(B-A)*Weighting

Quality class : Down link quality in GSM units from class 0, the best quality, to class 7, the worst quality. The reference value has been set between 0 to 5 in 98% of the time.

Signal level : The reference serving cell down link level has been set 42 dByV/m.

Call success rate : The reference number of successful call attemps has been set to 98%.

Handover success rate : The reference number of successful handovers has been set to 98%.

Subscribers/TRX : The high number of subscribers in the network could affect to the network quality by causing interferences and unsuccessful calls due to congestion.The reference value to be defined for high capacity networks.



Network Quality & Efficiency Factor

QUALITY FACTOR

Network

Qu

ali

ty f

acto

r

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

71

33

38

6663 62

18

39

6

58



Optimisation of GSM/DCS Network 1

• Network Optimisation (NO) procedure:• Definition of service area and QOS requirements

• Network Verification A and OMC measurements

• Data analysis and network plan assessment

• BSS parameters adjustment

• Network Verification B

• BSS parameters update acceptance (based on NO report)• Required tools and data

• Access to OMC statistics

• Network simulation tool i.e. NPS/X (optional)

• Call generator tool with call tracing i.e. NMS/X

• Access on valid network plan



Optimisation of GSM/DCS Network 2

• Modifications driven from Network Optimisation

• Antenna directions and tilting

• Power budget modifications i.e. BTS/MS power level

• Frequency assignments

• BSS parameters related to cell selection and reselection

• BSS parameters for Hand-over algorithm

• BSS parameters for Power Control algorithm

• Limitations of Network Optimisation

• Performed only for continuous coverage

• Network planning gaps (exclude areas of poor coverage)

• Availability of OMC traffic measurements (network evolution)

• Availability of parameter transfer between NPS/X and OMC



OVERALL NETWORK QUALITY

OPERATOR

CUSTOMER

NETWORK

SERVICES

MOBILE

COST

• Mail Box, Data, Fax, etc.• Customer Care

• Faulty H/W or S/W• Mobile Quality• Misuse of Equipment

• H/W Failure• Network Configuration• Network Traffic• Spectrum Efficiency

• Coverage yes/no• Service Probability• Quality• Call Set Up Time• Call Success Rate• Call Completion Rate

H/W Costs Subscription/Airtime costs Additional Services Costs

Network Equipment Costs Maintenance Costs Site Leasing Costs Transmission Link Costs



DetailedNetworkQualityPicture

AnalyseNetwork

PerformanceData System

Configuration(Network)

SystemConfiguration(NW Planning)

QualityImprovement

Action

SmallQualityCycle

Small Quality Cycle



DefineQualityPicture

SetQualityTargets

MonitorQuality

GlobalNetworkQuality Picture

GeneralImprovement

Plan

GeneralCorrective

Actions

DetailedNetworkQualityPicture

NetworkQualityCycle

AnalyseNetwork

PerformanceData System

Configuration(Network)

SystemConfiguration(NW Planning)

QualityImprovement

Action

SmallQualityCycle

Nokia Network Planning Overview

Documents

network planning targets

customer servicesntc

network capacityerlkm2

costs nokia telecommunications

number of network elements

required radio coverage

limited frequency band

frequency reuse patterns