No flares but electricity Jacob KLIMSTRA Wärtsilä Power Plants 150 Gm 3 /year flared 6% of worldwide gas use 1.5% of Total Primary Energy Supply.

No flares but electricity

Jacob KLIMSTRA

Wärtsilä Power Plants150 Gm3/year flared

6% of worldwide gas use

1.5% of Total Primary Energy Supply

A reciprocating engine + generator : the solution

Example: High fuel efficiency of a reciprocating engine

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Electric power (%)

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flat efficiencyHeat fraction

Combined efficiency

electrical efficiency

The common Otto-cycle gas engine: the challenge of gas quality

–Knock resistance: methane number > 60

–Dry, sweet and free of condensates and particles

But: we have the Gas-Diesel engine GD

Exhaust Intake

The gas – diesel (GD) working principle

–Diesel fuel serves as the igniter–Gas is injected simultaneously with the diesel– Knocking can not occur

Exh

Air Intake Compression of AirInjection of Gas

and Pilot Fuel Ignition

Exh ExhAir Air Air

GD Gas operation mode

Constant fuel amount at 3 - 5 % of 100 % load

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Liquid

Fuel specs for the GD

Fuel property Min./max. Limit Unit

Lower heat value min. 30 MJ/Nm3 2)

Gas supply pressure to engine 1)

max. 350 ± 5 bar

Gas temperature before engine max. 50 °C

Methane (CH4) min. 60 vol.-%

Carbon dioxide (CO2) max. 30 vol.-%

Chlorine's + fluorine's max. 50 vol. ppm

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) max. 500 vol. ppm

Other sulphides or mercaptans max. 50 vol. ppm

Water (H2O) max. 100 vol. ppm

Particles or solids size max. 10 m

1) 310 bar for engines with max output 85% D output

2) Nm3 defined at 0°C, 1.01 bar

Reference: Dygoil

• Dygoil, Equador– 2 x Wärtsilä® 16V32GD– 11MWe– The power plant started up

in March 2004, and it operates with oil field associated gas as the main fuel, and Crude oil as supplementary fuel

– The plant is designed to utilize the associated gas and to minimize the need for flaring, and unnecessary CO2 emissions are avoided

No power problem if the gas flow varies

diesel pilot

gas and oil share

adjustable

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Fuel Sharing

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Transfer window

Fuel Sharing

GD Engines power range

Engine Type Wärtsilä 32GD Wärtsilä 46GD

Cylinder bore, mm 320 460Speed, rpm 720 / 750 500 / 514Heat Rate (ISO), kJ/kWhe 8,270 [43.5%] 8,050 [44.7%]

Fuel oil qualities Diesel oil Diesel oilHeavy fuel oil Heavy fuel oilCrude oil Crude oil

Gas qualities Natural gas Natural gasAssociated gas Associated gas

Cylinder configurations- V-form 12, 16, 18 12, 16, 18

Generator power, kWe 4,320 – 6,500 11,300 – 17,000

Gas LHV = 30 MJ/Nm3, dicharge pressure = 350 bar(a)

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18V32GD

16V32GD

12V32GD

Compression power

350 bar

kW

4.6% of power

bar

43.5 * 0.954 = 41.5 %

Other possibilities at the horizon

GASPAC®

any gas methane

inverse reformer

For YOU to remember:

• Flaring can be reduced and the gas can be used with high:

1. Fuel flexibility2. Power flexibility3. Fuel-to-power efficiency

Wärtsilä can help you