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No. 62 Saturday, 23 January, 2021 Pages 5
Specia
l Edit
ion
Stressing the significance of soil and water conservation
activities in the development of agricultural projects, the
Cartography and Information Center reported that substantial
investment is being made with the objective of constructing dams of
various sizes,.
According to the report, a total of 945 dams including 345 big
dams have been constructed in line with the effort being made to
develop
Tropical fruits cultivated through irrigation in Senafe sub-zone
including apple, guava and olive trees are in promising
condition.
According to farmers, apple trees have already reached harvest
stage, and call is made on other farmers and individuals to
introduce and cultivate the
Financial support has been extended to families of martyrs in
Afabet sub-zone. According to report, over 100 thousand Nakfa
contributed by the community and government employees in the
sub-zone was disbursed to 61 families of martyrs and disadvantaged
citizens.
Indicating that the contribution is a part of the ongoing
support the nationals are extending, Mr. Ahmed Mohammed-nur Rejib,
administrator of the sub-zone, called for reinforced contribution
in support of the families of martyrs and disadvantaged
citizens.
The head of the National Union of Eritrean Youth and Students
branch in the Southern Red Sea region, Mr. Osman Abdulkadir,
reported that the youth are making praiseworthy participation in
the implementation of development programs in the region.
Mr. Osman went on to say that the union branch for the past
several years has been exerting to organize the youth in various
clubs and encouraging them reinforce participate in development
programs.
According to report, the youth in the region are participating
in raising the awareness of the public on various health issues in
general and that of COVID-19 pandemic in particular.
Supporting the families of martyrs is one of the main missions
of the youth; Mr. Osman said that the youth workers in the region
have contributed 165 thousand Nakfa in support of families of
martyrs.
Mr. Osman also said that the youth has also assumed
responsibility to support 50 families of martyrs and called on the
public to follow the noble example.
Praiseworthy ParticiPation in de-veloPment
Financial suPPort to Families oF martyrs
investment on soil and water conservation activities
troPical Fruits Farming activities
announcement From the ministry oF healthTwenty-seven patients
have been diagnosed positive for COVID-19
in tests carried out yesterday at Quarantine Centers in Asmara
(19), Central Region; and Mendefera (8), Southern Region
respectively.
The total number of confirmed cases in the country to-date has
accordingly risen to 1940.
The total number of recovered patients to-date stands at 1304
while the number of deaths is 6.
Ministry of HealthAsmara
22 January 2021
agricultural projects around the dams aimed at ensuring food
security.
Pointing out that over the last 17 years a number of big dams
including Gerset, Fanko-Tsimu, Fanko-Rawi, Bademit and Kerkebet in
Gash Barka Region, Mslam and Logo in the Southern Region as well as
Gahtelay in the Northern Red Sea Region have been constructed, the
Center reported that beyond ensuring potable water
supply the dams are expected to develop agricultural
projects.
The report further pointed out that around Kerekebet Dam, which
can conserve 330 million cubic meters of water, over 26 thousand
hectares of land can be cultivated and that so far agricultural
infrastructure has been put in place on about 10 thousand
hectares.
Similarly, the Cartography and Information Center revealed a
plan to build a dam with the capacity of 40 million cubic meters
water in Gibdo, Southern Red Sea Region and with the completion of
the construction potable water supply shortage of the port city of
Assab is expected to be resolved.
news brieF
tropical fruit trees in their farming and households.
The farmers said that dairy farming activities are being carried
out and vegetable, oil crops and animal fodder such as alfalfa are
being cultivated at the tropical fruits farming areas, and added
that the Ministry of Agriculture and other concerned
institutions need to support them for better outcome.
Vegetables farming expert, Mr. Zeresenay Gebrezgiabiher on his
part indicating that olive trees and guava trees that are being
cultivated in Senafe sub zone, have not reached at the fruition
stage.
Field expert Mr. Neber Gebrehiwet on his part called on farmers
to properly use pesticides where necessary.
Documents of the Ministry of Agriculture branch in Senafe
sub-zone indicate that in 2012, tropical fruit trees were
distributed to farmers, individuals and government and educational
institutions in the sub-zone.
The head of health facilities in Afabet sub-zone, Mr. Asrat
Amine, reported that as a result of the integrated efforts on the
part of health practitioners and stakeholders, including the
public, the prevalence of malaria in the sub-zone has significantly
been reduced.
Noting that the area is prone to malaria, Mr. Asrat said that
the prevalence of malaria has declined to 5% and strong effort is
being made to bring it down to zero.
Mr. Asrat added that 96 thousand impregnated bed nets have been
distributed to the public in addition to the persistent
environmental sanitation activities and spraying pesticides.
Prevalence oF malaria declining
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Aida Joharcontinued on page 4
Dr. Fikrejesus Amahazion
Several weeks ago, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF,
which is the UN agency responsible for providing humanitarian and
developmental aid to children worldwide) officially announced that
it had delivered over 100 Yamaha motorcycles to the Department of
Finance and Administration of Eritrea’s Ministry of Health (MoH).
According to a press release, the motorcycles were procured for the
Environmental Health Department of the Ministry of Health, with
funding coming from several sources, including the Global
Sanitation Fund through the Water Supply Sanitation Collaborative
Council, in Geneva, and the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the report
went on to state that the “motorcycles will be used by public
health officers of the Ministry of Health at the Zoba and sub-Zoba
level to support the promotion and monitoring of the Roadmap to
make Eritrea Open Defecation Free by 2022, which will contribute to
the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6).”
The recent announcement provides several interesting points for
further discussion. First, it helps shine light on a very
Towards Better Health and Dignityimportant – albeit often
neglected and frequently overlooked – rights and development issue:
basic sanitation. Open defecation, which refers to when people
defecate in the open (for example, in fields, forests, bushes,
lakes, rivers, etc., rather than using a toilet), is something that
has been practiced in many parts of the world for centuries.
Notably, although there has been significant progress and
improvement in recent years, estimates from different international
health and development organizations suggest that around the world
about 2.3 billion people live without access to a basic sanitation
service today, while nearly a billion people practice open
defecation (with the vast majority living in rural areas).
According to a large body of research, as well as years
involving countless initiatives conducted by governments and
international health or development organizations (including UNICEF
and the World Health Organization [WHO]), there are numerous
significant benefits associated with improved access to basic
sanitation. For instance, in terms of health, work has demonstrated
that improved sanitation leads to lower disease burden and
transmission, improved nutrition, reduced stunting and
under-nutrition, improved quality of life, reduce gender-based
violence, healthier living environments, and better environmental
stewardship. Furthermore, in regard to economic growth and
development, the WHO estimates that every USD1 invested in
improving sanitation returns approximately an average
of USD4 in saved medical costs, averted deaths, and increased
productivity. With improved sanitation there is also an increase in
girls’ school attendance, more job opportunities and higher wages
in society, improved competitiveness of cities, and a number of
other economic and social gains to society.
Of course, in addition to these considerable socio-economic
benefits, improving access to
sanitation is something that is extremely important and
worthwhile in and of itself. This is because it helps to ensure the
realization of a broad array of fundamental and basic human rights,
including the right to water and sanitation, as well as the right
to health, work, adequate standard of living, non-discrimination,
human dignity, protection, information, and participation.
Since independence, Eritrea has
2 No.62Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 23 January, 2021
made significant investments in building and rehabilitating
water supply systems, including solar powered systems that provide
clean drinking water for households and communities. Furthermore,
the “Community Led Total Sanitation” (CLTS) approach, first
implemented years ago, has helped contribute to a large number of
communities achieving open defecation free status. The CLTS
approach involves community groups and leaders working closely with
residents to raise awareness of the importance of remaining free of
open defecation and adopting better hygiene practices. Popular
campaigns have also been conducted to construct and refurbish
toilets, latrines, and other vital hygiene infrastructure in
communities and villages across the country, while more and more
schools, offices, and other spaces have installed or dramatically
improved water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities over recent
years. It is also worth noting that just a few months ago, Tesfai
Ghebreslassie, Eritrea’s Minister of Land, Water, and Environment,
along with officials from several other national ministries in
Eritrea, participated in a large meeting organized by the regional
Sanitation and Water for All Committee. At the meeting, Minister
Tesfai expressed Eritrea’s commitment to ensuring the availability
of adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services to all its
citizens by 2030.
While this overall progress has certainly been promising, and
led to important and significant changes and benefits in numerous
communities, there is still room for growth. Thus, the recently
received motorcycles can play a positive role in building on
Eritrea’s progress to date in improving access to basic sanitation,
promoting dignity, and providing a healthy living environment for
all.
The second interesting point raised by the recently announced
receipt of materials from UNICEF is that it serves as another
useful example of Eritrea’s unique, yet often misunderstood,
approach toward development and foreign assistance. The recently
delivered material support helps to fill a
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Abrahaley Habte
In rural highland Eritrea, when a woman gives birth, another
woman passes titiqo (boiled beans, wheat, or chickpeas) door to
door throughout the village. Through this act the family announces
the birth of their baby to the village. As a result, everyone in
the village comes to know about it on that day. In some places, the
titiqo is passed only to the neighbours and the family’s close
relatives.
I had no idea why such a custom is necessary. After all, if its
purpose is to inform the village of the birth of a baby, sooner or
later the village will come to know about it. So, why waste food
and trouble someone and send her on an errand to inform the
village? I didn’t see the reason behind it until a friend, an older
man, explained it.
“You see,” he said. “People were not well-off in the past. And a
woman who has a child needs many things. One is milk. Most probably
many women’s families had no sheep, goats, or cows. In short, no
animal that could give them milk.”
“Ok?”
“The woman that has cows,” he explained, “understands the
lactating woman’s needs, and also knows who can provide milk and
who can’t. In a village everyone knows everyone, and few things
remain secret.”
At nightfall, carrying a jug of milk the woman (who owns cows,
sheep, or goats) visits the woman who had a baby. She delivers the
milk and returns to her house secretly. No one knows about this
except the receiver of the gift and her family. Neither does the
benefactor’s husband; and if he does, he doesn’t say anything
against her action. She doesn’t talk about it to anyone, not even
to her close friends. She understands this as her obligation, and
not as something to crow about. It is a taboo for Eritreans to
speak about their good deeds, including their bravery, their
intelligence, and even the favour they do other people. It is
thought
Birth R elated Customs in Eritrea
indecent. Other families offer injera, yoghurt, or whatever they
think is useful to the woman.
The birth attendants welcome the baby with ululations. If the
woman had her baby in a hospital, neighbours welcome her and her
baby in the same way when she comes home. In the Tigrigna, the
baby-boy is more preferred, and is welcomed with seven rounds of
ululations. Baby-girls get only three rounds.
Girls experience such prejudice at birth, which continues
throughout their lives. (Incidentally, in the Kunama culture, which
treats its females with respect, males and females are treated
equally.)
These days, the custom is being challenged as women are
practically demonstrating they are not dependent on men, and they
don’t need to be males to serve the society. Now, they take
responsibilities reserved in the past for males and accomplish them
successfully. However, as customs do not die so easily, and they
can’t be decreed away, this and other customs, such as female
genital mutilation, though weakened considerably, still continue to
be practised.
After the birth of her first baby, the woman doesn’t return to
her house from the hospital but goes straight away to her parents’.
Immediately, she assumes a number of new and difficult
responsibilities. She has to learn how to wash the baby, which is
not an easy feat for a woman who had her first baby. She has to
fathom what ails him and be his doctor, until she takes him to a
doctor, if he is sick. She has to breastfeed him and look after his
other needs. And she is expected to learn all these immediately
after delivery, because the baby’s needs cannot wait.
In addition, she has to meet her needs, which are not few and
not easy to meet taking her circumstances into account. In these
circumstances, the presence of her mother is indispensable. She
becomes the baby’s maid and nurse, and her daughter’s tutor about
baby-care during the first few months. The mother’s knowledge,
experience, and the role she plays during these days is so big that
if young people try to reverse the order of things and acted as if
they are more experienced than their elders, they are admonished
with a saying related with this circumstance: “This is the daughter
teaching the
mother about labour.”
Of course, the woman’s mother-in-law can assist if she lives
with her in-laws, a circumstance not uncommon in Eritrea. In fact,
in rural highlands the newlyweds start their married lives in the
compound of the groom’s parents. The parents build the couple a hut
or a small hidmo in the parents’ compound, and they live there
until they have a house of their own. However, despite the parents’
goodwill to the newlyweds, the bride and the mother-in-law develop
mutual ill-feelings to each other. This happens partly because the
groom shifts his love from his mother to his wife. Moreover, now
that he is married, his parents do not have access to his services,
a loss his mother keenly feels. A Tigrigna saying explains this
feeling best: When is a child loved best? When he starts talking.
When is he disliked? When he starts a family.
It becomes all the more necessary for a woman to have her first
baby in her parents’ house if she lives alone, or in a compound
with ‘complete strangers’ and, therefore, do not want to be
bothered by the worries and problems of other ‘complete
strangers’. Many Eritreans in towns live in such places though
their neighbours can hardly be called complete strangers, as some
become their best friends, though a few also become their worst
enemies.
Child-birth is a difficult time for a woman, a time when she
wishes to have relatives, especially her mother, close beside her.
(Ironically, the closest person to a woman during this time, her
husband, is not wanted. Neither does the culture encourage him to
be beside her bed, as she gives birth to their child. According to
the culture, child-birth is a women’s business. The man is told the
news, whether it is good or bad, after it has transpired.)
Psychologically, due to the uncertainty of how it would unfold,
coupled with the pain and lack of experience, the circumstances
leave the woman tense and very worried. If unassisted medically, it
could go wrong and may even cost the woman her life. For these and
other reasons, she needs someone that reassures and encourages her
so that all her troubles would be over soon.
Therefore, a woman has her first child at her parents’, as the
custom requires. As the custom also requires, the husband should
buy a sheep and have it slaughtered, for her benefit. Such food, it
is believed, helps her replace the blood she lost during child
birth. In fact, this food is specifically hers, and she is not
supposed to share it with others.
He also makes sure that his wife has butter and flour to make
porridge, the food served to visitors. Often she is fed porridge,
which is believed to help her regain her strength because porridge
is carbohydrate-rich food.
The rationale behind many birth-related customs is not apparent.
Some do not seem to serve any real purpose. But, if one digs a
little, one sees the needs they fill, and how they serve a useful
purpose. In fact, some pass some useful knowledge to the young
generation, which young women (could not in the past) get in any
other way.
3 No.62Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 23 January, 2021
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4 No.62Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 23 January, 2021
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) office in Asmara
invites qualified applicants (Eritrean) for the following vacant
post:
Job Code Title: Programme Analyst, ISDU
Classified Grade: NOB
Duty Station: Asmara
Organizational Context Under the guidance and direct supervision
of the Programme Specialist, the Programme Analyst is responsible
for management of UNDP programme within the thematic/sectoral areas
assigned. The Programme Analyst analyzes environmental, social and
economic trends and leads formulation, management and evaluation of
programme activities within his/her portfolio, provides policy
advice services.
The Programme Analyst works in close collaboration with the
operations team, programme staff in other UN Agencies, UNDP HQs
staff and Government officials, technical advisors and experts,
multi-lateral and bi-lateral donors and civil society ensuring
successful UNDP Food Security, Environment and Energy programme
implementation.
Summary of key functions:
Ensures implementation of programme strategies. 1. Ensures
effective management of the CO programme within 2. the
thematic/sectoral areas assigned e.g. Environment, Climate Change
and Sustainable Livelihoods focusing on quality control from
formulation to implementation of the country programme.
Ensures provision of top-quality advisory services and
facilitation 3. of knowledge building and management.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS
Education: Master’s Degree or equivalent in Natural resources
Management and Environmental Sciences, Social Sciences or related
field.
Experience: 2 years of relevant experience at the national or
international level in providing management advisory services,
hands-on experience in design, monitoring and evaluation of
development projects. Experience in the usage of computers and
office software packages, experience in handling of web-based
management systems.
Language: Fluency in the English language
Other considerations: For more details please collect the Terms
of Reference from the UNDP Reception Desk. Interested applicants
should submit duly filled P11 form (available at the UNDP Reception
Desk, UN Office in Asmara) and a detailed CV with supporting
documents. Copy of document indicating exemption from/completion of
national service should be sent to UNDP Reception Desk, and UN
offices, Asmara, Eritrea.
UNDP will contact those who are considered Potential candidates.
Closing date for the application is 10 days from the date of
announcement.
“UNDP is an equal opportunity employer which strives to achieve
overall balance in its staffing patterns”
VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT VA/03/2020
Mr. Kiberom Misgina, head of water resource in the Southern
Region reported that 10 potable water projects worth about 11
million Nakfa have been put in place in the region in 2020.
Indicating that potable water projects in the villages of Shaha,
Kisad-Daero, Kodo-Zibi, Belesto and Senafe town have become
operational and the remaining projects are being finalized.
Pointing out that 72% of the population in the Southern Region
have become beneficiaries of potable water supply, Mr. Kibrom said
that training programs have also been organized related to the
sustainability of the projects.
Mr. Kibrom went on to say that in the Southern region 404
potable water projects working with water pumps and 15 with solar
system have been maintained a cost 0f 800 thousand Nakfa and have
become operational.
According to report, in the Southern region there are 404
potable water projects working with manual water pumps, 171 with
solar system, 85 with water pumps and 58 with electricity
power.
Potable water Projects Put in PlacelOCAl NEwS
locally-identified gap and it complements, rather than hinders,
local efforts.
As I and others have written on numerous occasions over the
years, Eritrea has wrongly been labeled as “isolationist”. One of
the main driving factors, in addition to attempts to ostracize the
country, has been the total lack of understanding about the
country’s unconventional approach to development and foreign
assistance. In its interactions with other governments,
international development organizations, global financial
institutions, and other potential donors, the Eritrean government
has historically insisted on establishing genuine partnerships and
retaining firm control of its development agenda and
implementation. However, this has put it at stark odds with
potential donors and partners, who have long been accustomed
to monopolizing control over resources, imposing suffocating
conditionalities, and possessing inordinate influence over strategy
in developing countries.
As well, Eritrea tends to turn down foreign aid when it does not
fit the country’s needs or its capacity to use effectively. It does
not reject external support – it actively welcomes it, but only
when it complements the country’s own efforts. In fact, the
Eritrean government has encouraged aid and assistance that
addresses specific needs which cannot be met internally, which is
designed to minimize continued external support, and which
complements and strengthens, instead of replacing, Eritrea’s own
institutional capacity to implement projects. This approach is
rooted in a strong desire to avoid crippling dependence and to
foster a clear sense of responsibility for the country’s future
among all citizens.
Towards Better Health . . .continued from page 2
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Would you, please, introduce yourself?
Ok, thank you. My name is Dr. Lidya Habtegergish Gebrebrhan. I
was born and raised in Asmara and am a dentist at Medefera Referral
Hospital.
What is dentistry to you, Doctor?
Dentistry is a field which
always keeps me excited as it’s a field that uniquely harmonizes
science and fine arts. It’s what I love to do for the rest of my
life.
You graduated with distinction
from the class of 2020; so how did it feel, winning a medal?
Winning a medal is not really a new thing for me, but it feels
so amazing and great to see myself on that day after all the hard
work and sacrifice I made. At the same time that day reminded me
that I have started my duty of repaying my people and country.
Tell us a little bit about your educational background?
I did my elementary school at Idris Awate, my junior high at
Bahti Meskerem and my secondary school at Denden, all in Asmara.
Throughout my school years, I was a prize winner. In the 8th grade
general exam, as one of the girls who scored high marks, I was
given a “high performance achievement award” by the National Union
of Eritrean Women. Similarly, when I was in secondary school, I was
given high performance achievement awards every year on the
occasion of 8th March, International Women’s Day.
What was life like in Sawa?
Despite all the challenges, Sawa for me was a place where I
found myself. I gained a lot of experience from the social life
that I shared with students of different ethnic backgrounds who
came from different parts of Eritrea. I focused on my studies and
managed to do my studies along with the other activities in the
camp. Then I took the matriculation exam and
5 No.62Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 23 January, 2021
“My success is an outcome of everyone who has supported me”, Dr.
Lidya
Luwam Kahsay
The school of dental medicine is producing young and
professional dentists every year. I had a chat with one
of the dentists, Dr. Lidya, who loves her profession and works
hard to develop her skills.
got awarded ‘’Zagre” for my academic excellence.
Why did you want to join t h e
school o f medicine?
F r o m childhood I’ve always wanted to be a doctor. I’ve always
wanted to help people, so there was no doubt that my first choice
in college was going to be medicine. When I got back from Sawa, I
joined the College of health sciences in Asmara. When I studied
pre-medicine at the college, I realized I hadn’t had sufficient
knowledge about internal medicine and dental medicine. So, I did
research about both fields and decided to join dental medicine.
How did you feel about the seven long years in college?
No matter how many years it takes to graduate, I convinced
myself to work hard and realize my dream. As a dental medicine
student, in addition to the dental
medicine courses I also had to take
c o m m o n c o u r s e s
a l o n g w i t h
t h e
o t h e r medica l
s t u d e n t s . The types of
courses given and the way marks were given
were different and required a lot of effort to succeed. I
attended all my classes regularly and referred to a variety of
books to deepen my knowledge and develop my skills. I needed to
push myself hard to reach my destination because I believe that’s
the only way to be successful.
Do you have a role model?
There were so many successful people who inspired me. My
husband, Dr. Senay Amanuel, is one of the good dentists. I also see
Dr. Lainesh, an oral maxillofacial surgeon, as my mentor. But to
tell you the truth I am the role model of myself.
Do you believe that your
success has an influence on our society?
In our society, people think that medicine takes very long for a
girl to learn. But my success shows them that everything is
possible if you are patient and hard-working.
I heard that you went to quarantine sites to take samples during
your internship. I would love to hear more about that.
You’re right. It was really a
good experience. Practice is different from theory because we
start to make contact with patients. I was always eager to perform
on a patient’s teeth. And Covid -19 pandemic made my internship
really memorable. There was a survey in Asmara, Teseney, Adibara
and Sawa, where I participated in taking samples.
Tell us something about the teeth and how to care for it,
Doctor.
Well, everyone should start taking care of their teeth at a
young age. The teeth are important not only to chew food with but
also for the face structure and are helpful to get the variety of
nutritious food for our body.
Our teeth are linked with the food we eat. If they are not
cleaned after meals, we give opportunities for bacteria to grow in
our mouth, and these can be harmful and damage our teeth
permanently.
People start worrying about and taking care of their teeth after
damages are done. This is absolutely not good. Nothing can replace
our natural teeth; artificial teeth aren’t as good as the natural
ones. People usually go to a dentist’s whenever they have a
toothache. If the pain stops, they tend to stop taking care of
their tooth, but it doesn’t mean that it is cured.
Generally, a person should visit a dentist at least every six
months for checkups, and brushing is the only way to save our teeth
from getting completely ruined.
What do you do in your leisure time; do you have any
hobbies?
It’s not really a big thing but I write poems, both in English
and Tigrigna. I also love to read psychology books. Speaking
different languages is one the things that makes me happy, so I
took French classes at the Alliance Françoise.
Tell us about your personal life. Are you married?
Yes. I got married before my graduation, at the end of August.
My husband and I are both dentists and support each other in our
career.
What do you think is the secret to success?
I believe making limitless endeavor and showing persistent
commitment towards your goal is the secret to success.
Anything that you want to add at last…
I thank my family that has always been there for me. My success
is an outcome of everyone who has supported me in any way they
could. I am really grateful to all my teachers and friends. My
future plan is to specialize in one area of dentistry.
Thank you, Dr. Lidya, for your time. I wish you all the best in
your career.