Linnea Ashley National Training and Advocacy Manager, Youth ALIVE! Nicky MacCallum Clinical Director, Youth ALIVE! Anne Marks Executive Director, Youth ALIVE! Vincent Chong, MD Surgery Resident, Highland Hospital/UCSF-East Bay John Rich, MD Director, Center for Nonviolence and Social Justice Ted Corbin, MD Medical Director, Healing Hurt People
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Linnea Ashley
National Training and Advocacy Manager, Youth ALIVE! Nicky MacCallum
Clinical Director, Youth ALIVE! Anne Marks
Executive Director, Youth ALIVE! Vincent Chong, MD
Surgery Resident, Highland Hospital/UCSF-East Bay John Rich, MD
Director, Center for Nonviolence and Social Justice Ted Corbin, MD
Medical Director, Healing Hurt People
Screening Tool for Awareness and
Relief of Trauma
Purpose of our trauma research project
Research design
Focus group results
Piloting & Survey results
What START looks like
Next steps
Q&A
Purpose of our trauma research project
Research design
Focus group results
Piloting & Survey results
What START looks like
Next steps
Q&A
Some people have symptoms from trauma
Those symptoms are often undiagnosed
Symptoms make people vulnerable to violent trauma
Young men of color are disproportionately exposed to violence and trauma
People See: What it is:
Hostility
Callousness/
coldness
Anger
Hyperarousal Numbing Reliving
Understand BMoC experiences with systems ◦ How and where do they seek care?
◦ What helped them heal from trauma?
Learn appropriate language to use/avoid
Create a trauma symptoms tool
Provide short but effective interventions
Goal: a practical application of Trauma-Informed Care
Even if you don’t have PTSD, trauma symptoms disrupt your life.
Create “aspirin” for the
daily aches and pains of trauma
Purpose of our trauma research project
Research design
Focus group results
Piloting & Survey results
What START looks like
Next steps
Q&A
Assembled/convened the research team and Advisory Board
Prepared a literature review
Conducted 4 focus groups with GSW survivors
69 structured survey and intervention pilot interviews with local young men of color
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
Youth ALIVE!
Alameda Health System / Highland Hospital
Center for Nonviolence and Social Justice
Consultants & volunteers
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
Advisors represented: Study population Public hospital system Private hospital system Children’s hospital Public health department Courts Probation School district Service provider Policy advocate Subject matter experts
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
Purpose: To summarize research related to the health challenges facing BMoC, where they seek care, and how they can better be served, specifically as it relates to their trauma symptoms.
Topics:
Portals of Care
PTSD
Screening Tools and Interventions
SBIRT
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
4 Focus Groups with:
18-25 year olds
Current/former clients (GSW survivors)
African-American and/or Latino
Topics:
Where they seek care
Who they trust to provide care
What support they would want after trauma
How they experience and talk about trauma symptoms
What interventions work for them
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
69 interviews with: 18-30 year olds African-American and/or Latino Snowball sample Survey: 2 versions each of screening
questions for 6 trauma symptoms Where and with whom they would
answer screening questions Pilot: How they experience and talk
about trauma symptoms What interventions work for them
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
6 screening questions:
Focus
Re-experiencing
Dissociation
Hyperarousal
Physical manifestations
Sleep issues
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
7 brief interventions:
Common symptoms of trauma Psychoeducation handout on Every day ways trauma is impactful
B.E.T.T.E.R. Sleep Psychoeducation handout on healthy sleep hygiene practices
Safety or “S.O.S.” plan Booklet of self-care activities utilized to develop an individualized plan for symptom management.
Advisory
Board
Literature
review
Focus
Groups
Structured
Interviews
5
9
5
8
9
5
7
5
3
4 4
2 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Age
Participant Age
African-
American,
48
Latino, 15
Mixed, 5
Racial Breakdown
Oakland Neighborhoods by Zip Codes
94603
= Areas with most participants
Purpose of our trauma research project
Research design
Focus group results
Piloting & Survey results
What START looks like
Next steps
Q&A
Larger Themes ◦ Provider-patient
misalignment of expectations
◦ Different provider characteristics i.e. “Children’s treats
you…” i.e. “Highland treats
you…” ◦ Nontraditional
providers i.e. Cannabis Clubs
◦ Issues of trust
◦ Manifestations of Trauma and Stress What patients need
to seek for help Coping mechanisms How young people
talk about stress
Re-experiencing ◦ Replay
◦ Surviving
◦ Scars
◦ Déjà vu
Avoidance ◦ Staying under
(the radar) ◦ Laying low
Hyperarousal ◦ Mental pain ◦ Insomnia ◦ Being on Ps
and Qs
Self medication (Smoking weed)
Disrupted sleeping patterns
Discomfort waiting in the same spot
“And I don’t gang-bang or anything like or have any enemies. That’s why I still living…I still live in the location where I got shot and it’s a trauma just passing by like every time. It’s crazy. I don’t even want to talk about it.”
“Sometime you do need a prescription and just by how you acting, how you look, the doctor would be like, ‘No, you need it because you wanna get high.’ I’m gonna get high if I need it. You haven't been knowin’ what I went through.”
“Let me holler at you, let me see your paperwork. How you feelin’? Good. Alright, bam. Throw it back out. Do whatever you gotta do.
Come back. “Oh, you still here” “Yeah, you haven't seen me.” “Ok. Let me see you.’ Bam, bam, bam. “Okay you cool. Come back in two- three weeks.”
Say what the fuck? (cont.)
They just write stuff on the paper. This what was wrong with you last time. This what’s wrong with you this time. This is getting better.
Okay. Bam. Two week check-up, see how you’re doing’. Come back and that’s it.
Ain’t nobody gonna come back because you didn’t do nothin’ while I was there.”
M4: We can talk to him, everyone, like in the slang or in our accents like how we is -- M3: Straightforward -- M4: And then he can still talk to us cool. Not like everybody else. Not like these guys came from somebody else. After listenin' to him, getting advice or stuff. I'm gonna help you out.
They never call you back or nothin'. You call at four shit and forget about you. All that. He don't. He just be, "Alright, I'm gonna try to do this.” And if not then he'll just give you a call back. "Oh, I can't do it today. Just give me two, three more days or somethin’ and I'll get back at ya'.”
Male3: 'Cause he cool. You ain't gotta be nobody different, man. You just be yourself. No matter if you bad, good, sick, green, purple, ugly, man. If you know how to talk, he understandin'. He gonna talk to you. If not, he's just gonna be like,"I can't help you."
Or he gonna tell you why he can't help you because this person is being a cat or this, this, this. He ain’t speakin' down to you he just said, "Well we can't do it because of this reason." If you can be the bigger person like okay, that's it, then when the next time maybe it be better for you.
Moderator: When you went back, what would you expect or would you want out of the doctors or the nurses who were helping you? M5: Shit, just to check me. Check me. Check my injury. Check it right M4: Do it faster, huh.
M5: Not faster, but take care of it. M4: Not to check it faster but take care of business faster. M5: Yeah.
Sometimes you do need a prescription and just by how you actin', how you look, the doctor would be like, "No, you need it because you wanna get high." I'm gonna get high if I need it. You haven’t been knowin what I went through. You seen it or I gotta get to know you. What do you gotta get to know me for? You already seen my record that’s all you need to know about me.
Shit, just tell them man, we was born to live. One day we gotta die. So today's your day, shit, you gotta die. There's nothin' you can do about it. If it's your day, it's your day. M1: For real.
M3: For real. If it is, it's gonna come how it's gonna come -- M4: That's how your destiny is M3: 'cause you kickin' it with us you gonna make your bed and lay in it in the same time. So if this what you doin' wrong, this is what's gonna come wrong.
P1: Because I’ll be up all night. Yeah.
P2: If you sleep during the day.
P1: If I take a nap during the day, I’ll be up. I ain’t going to sleep ‘til late.
P2: What’s strange is babies sleep all day and night, but as you grow older, you sleep, like you said, during the day. Nighttime is when you’re not gonna sleep.
P1: The effects. Effects. P2: It’s probably like when it just flashes in and out like every now and then. P1: Yeah. When you just have flashbacks and stuff… P2: Dreams.
Nightmares… ooh, I’ve been having nightmares… I have a lot of nightmares too. That ain’t no joke. Nightmares… they be causing you cold sweats.