NMMC Sewerage DPR - Navi Mumbai

Underground Sewerage project under JnNURM Detailed Project Report

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Navi Mumbai 1

VOLUME-1 INTRODUCTION

SECTOR BACKGROUND CONTEXT & BROAD PROJECT RATIONALE ............................. 5 1.1 Existing status of physical infrastructure.......................................................................... 5 1.1.1. Geography:.................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2. Location and Connectivity:........................................................................................... 5 1.1.3. Geology......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.4. Topography................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.5. Climate.......................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.6. Temperature .................................................................................................................. 7 1.1.7. Rainfall.......................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.8. Humidity ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.9. Wind.............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1.10. Soil ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Demography...................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1. Existing Population....................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2. Population Density........................................................................................................ 9 1.2.3. Assumptions.................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.4. Population Projections for NMMC area-2042............................................................ 10 1.3 Land use .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Existing scenario of sewerage system in NMMC & Need For Project .......................... 11 1.4.1. Water Demand and supply projections as base for sewage collection ....................... 13 1.4.2. RECENT PROJECT: .................................................................................................. 14 1.4.3. Existing Tariff & Cost Recovery Methods ................................................................. 14 1.4.4. Private Sector/ Community participation.................................................................... 14 1.4.5. Key Issues ................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.6. Long Term Improvements. ......................................................................................... 15 1.4.7. Short Term Improvements. ......................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER-2................................................................................................................................... 18 PROJECT DEFINITION, CONCEPT & SCOPE ..................................................................... 18

2.1. Land .................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Physical infrastructure component...................................................................................... 19

2.2.1. Scope of Work ............................................................................................................ 19 2.2.2. Methodology for computation .................................................................................... 21 2.2.3. Wastewater Quality..................................................................................................... 22 2.2.4. COLLECTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA........................................................ 23 2.2.5. DESIGN BASIS OF SEWAGE PUMPING STATION............................................. 29 2.2.6. Design Basis for Sewerage Treatment Plant............................................................... 30

2.3. Environmental Assessment of Sewerage System ............................................................... 31 2.3.1. Air quality: .................................................................................................................. 31 2.3.2. Noise quality: .............................................................................................................. 32 2.3.3. Vegetation:.................................................................................................................. 32 2.3.4. Soil investigation & Water level................................................................................. 32 2.3.5. Meteorological profile ................................................................................................ 32

2.4. Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Improvement Schemes And Mitigation Measures 33 2.4.1. Impact of the project on air quality:............................................................................ 33 2.4.2. Impact of the project on noise level:........................................................................... 33 2.4.3. Air Pollution Mitigation:............................................................................................. 34



2.4.4. Noise Pollution Mitigation:......................................................................................... 34 2.4.5. Mitigation for loss of vegetation:................................................................................ 34

2.5. Environmental Management Plan....................................................................................... 35 2.5.1. Environmental Management Measures....................................................................... 35 2.5.2. Cost Estimates for Environmental Protection............................................................. 49 2.5.3. Institutional Set-up and Coordination For Environmental Management.................... 49 2.5.4. Reporting Requirements ............................................................................................. 51 2.5.5. Institutional Strengthening.......................................................................................... 52 2.5.6. Training Program........................................................................................................ 52

2.6. Rehabilitation & Resettlement............................................................................................ 53 2.7. Specialized Procured Services ............................................................................................ 54 2.8. Other Information ............................................................................................................... 54 2.9. Utility Shifting .................................................................................................................... 54 2.10. Clearance............................................................................................................................. 55 2.11. Disaster related Risk Assessment ....................................................................................... 55 2.12. Risk Management ............................................................................................................... 57

2.12.1. Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................... 57 2.12.2. Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................... 57 2.12.3. Administrative aspects and response capacity............................................................ 58 2.12.4. Physical aspects and impact on the service................................................................. 58 2.12.5. Mitigation and emergency measures .......................................................................... 58 2.12.6. Types of hazards and their consequences of water and sanitation systems................ 59 2.12.7. Floods.......................................................................................................................... 60

PROJECT COST ............................................................................................................................ 62 PROJECT INSTITUTION FRAME WORK.................................................................................. 63

4.1 Existing Institutional frame work for Sewerage system in Navi Mumbai...................... 63 4.1.1. Manner of under taking construction work (Construction Agency):.......................... 63 4.1.2. Involvement of construction entity in the subsequent O & M activity:...................... 63 4.1.3. Scope of Public Private Partnership............................................................................ 64 4.1.4. Involvement of Private Sector in Construction Phase ................................................ 64

PROJECT FINANCIAL STRUCTURING .................................................................................... 66 5.1 Overall financial structuring ........................................................................................... 66 5.2 Grants under JNNURM .................................................................................................. 66 5.3 Financial Returns ............................................................................................................ 67 5.4 Review Options for ......................................................................................................... 67

PROJECT PHASING ..................................................................................................................... 68 6.1 Schedules for Tendering/selection of procurement of services ...................................... 68 6.2 Construction contractors ................................................................................................. 68 6.3 Consultants...................................................................................................................... 68 6.4 Specialized Activities: .................................................................................................... 68 6.5 Schedule for bringing in state level and ULB level contributions to the project……...75 6.6 Schedule of clearance ..................................................................................................... 68 6.7 Schedule for shifting utilities .......................................................................................... 68 6.8 Project infrastructure component wise implementation ................................................. 68 6.9 Key Mile Stone ............................................................................................................... 69 6.10 PERT & CPM Chart ....................................................................................................... 70

PROJECT O & M PLANNING...................................................................................................... 73 7.1 Possible O&M Framework ............................................................................................. 73 7.2 Performance based Contract ........................................................................................... 73



7.2.1. Customer Service ........................................................................................................ 74 7.2.2. Customer Complaints.................................................................................................. 74 7.3 Tariff & User Cost Recovery.......................................................................................... 74

PROJECT FINANCIAL VIABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY...................................................... 75 8.1 Overall project perspectives............................................................................................ 75 8.2 ANNUAL MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................... 75 8.2.1. Revenue Structure....................................................................................................... 75 8.2.2. 0& M Costs & Revolving Fund.................................................................................. 75 8.2.3. Assumptions of Financial Analysis ............................................................................ 76 8.2.4. NMMC level perspectives and financial situation assessment ................................... 76

PROJECT BENEFIT ASSESMENNT........................................................................................... 79 9.1 Positive Impact.................................................................................................................... 79 9.2 Negative Impact .................................................................................................................. 79 9.3 Mitigation measures............................................................................................................ 80

Annexure-1 Recapitulation sheet and cost estimates VOLUME-2

Collection System: Cost Estimates, Measurement sheets & Design outputs.

VOLUME-3 L-sections & Drawings



INTRODUCTION

The Government of India has announced the Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for certain

cities of India with this aim to achieve systematic development in these cities keeping in view the futuristic planning for 30

years. In this JNNURM it is expected to prepare Mission document under urban Infrastructure & Governance elaborating

the existing situation of various aspects of the city and the master plan of future development of city with the methodology

for fulfilling the gaps and to achieve various milestones. The JNNURM will provide financial aid to the city as per norms

prescribed.

Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: Navi Muṃbaī), formerly known as New Bombay, is a twin city of Mumbai, India. It

was developed in 1972, and is the largest planned city of the world, with a total area of 344 km² out of which 163 km² is

developed and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC)[1]. Navi Mumbai lies on

the mainland on the eastern seaboard of the Thane Creek.

This detailed project report is for improvement of underground sewerage system in Navi Mumbai city, in view of achieving

the goal of Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in creating infrastructure. While preparing this

DPR, it has been tried to provide sufficient details to ensure appraisal, approval & subsequent project implementation in a

timely & efficient manner.



CHAPTER-1

SECTOR BACKGROUND CONTEXT & BROAD PROJECT RATIONALE

1.1 Existing status of physical infrastructure

Navi Mumbai is world’s largest planned city with a horizon of 344sqkms. It includes an area of 95 villages in it,

having a coastal stretch of 34.2 kms along Thane and Panvel creeks. To avoid the haphazard spill over of Mumbai,

Plan for Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMRP) was prepared under the provision of Maharashtra Regional and

Town Planning act 1966, which was sanctioned by Govt in 1973. One of the most important propositions of the

sanctioned MMRP was to develop a new metro city in Trans Thane creek and Trans harbor area extending inland

up to Panvel and Uran.The new metro city was subsequently named as New Bombay (Now Navi Mumbai). It

comprises of the strip of marshy land lying between village Dighe in Thane district and Kalundre village of Raigad

district parallel to the then Greater Bombay. The City & Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Ltd

(CIDCO), a Company fully owned by the state Government, was declared as New Town Development Authority

under the Provisions of MRTP Act, 1966, to plan and develop the city of Navi Mumbai. For this purpose, the State

Govt. notified all the privately owned lands within the notified area of Navi-Mumbai for acquisition under the L.A.

Act. The land so acquired by State Government was vested in CIDCO for the development and disposal purpose.

CIDCO carved out 14 nodes (small townships) of the land with a view to facilitate comprehensive development and

to give it an identity of new city. These nodes are named Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Sanpada, Nerul,

CBD Belapur, Kharghar,Kalamboli, Jui Kamothe, New Panvel, Ulwe, Pushpak and Dronagiri. As the city grew in

size, a need was felt to create an urban local body to take care of day to day maintenance of the city as well as

other functions such as public health, primary education etc. which was not the mandate of CIDCO. The NMMC

accordingly came into existence on 1st Jan.1992 with its jurisdiction covering 29 villages out of Navi Mumbai project

area and another 15 villages from Kalyan complex area (Total of 44 villages from Thane Taluka) with a combined

area of 162.5 sq.Km. This area is known as NMMC Area. Subsequently the developed nodes within the jurisdiction

of NMMC were transferred by CIDCO to NMMC for maintenance purpose although CIDCO continues to own and

develop vacant land within these nodes as the14 development authority. All the capital and revenue expenditure in

these nodes is borne by NMMC.

1.1.1. Geography: NMMC area is spread in district of Thane in Maharashtra. It is located in latitudes of 20° N 73° E. It consists of hilly

areas and certain parts under wetlands.

1.1.2. Location and Connectivity:

NMMC area lies on the eastern main land of Thane creek. It starts from Digha, Airoli in the north and Nerul Belapur

in the south. NMMC area is well connected to Greater Mumbai and other cities like Thane and Pune. Apart from the

decades old Thane creek bridge connecting Mankhurd with Vashi, there are two road bridges and one rail link and

third connection via Sewri is proposed by MSRDC. Seven railway stations on Mankhurd- Belapur line at different

nodes provide full connectivity to NMMC area up to Kurla. Five railway stations on Thane Sanpada line also

connect Kalyan via Kalwa. A new international airport is also planned in Navi Mumbai region.



1.1.3. Geology

The rock formation in the region is derived mainly from Deccan Basalt and also from granites, gneisses and laterite.

The gently sloping coastal low lands are observed in patches and are covered with moderately shallow to deep

soils, mostly lateritic in nature, sometimes oxidized to yellow murrum.

1.1.4. Topography

To part of Western Konkan coast is a narrow coastal strip along the western part of Sahyadris. It is bound on the

eastern side by hillocks of height of 50-200 mt. and on the west side by Thane creek.

Map-1: Location map of NMMC area



1.1.5. Climate

This area has sub-tropical monsoonal climate of humid-per-humid to semi-arid and sub humid type. Overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures.

1.1.6. Temperature The mean annual temperature ranges from 25°C to 28°C. The mean maximum temperature of the hottest month in this area varies from 30°C - 33°C in April-May while mean minimum temperature of coldest month varies from 16°C to 20°C. Extremes of temperatures, like 38°- 39°C in summer and 11°-14°C in winter, may be experienced for a day or two in respective season.

1.1.7. Rainfall The rainy season is mostly confined to south-west monsoon with 80 percent of the rainfall received during June to October (60-70 days). This area, on an average, receives 2500 to 3500 mm rainfall.

1.1.8. Humidity The area has marine humid-per humid climate with more humidity and less daily variations. Relative humidity varies from 41 to 97%. Driest days being in winter and wettest ones are experienced in July. 16

1.1.9. Wind Features such a presence of large water body (the creek), presence of hill ridges etc. influence the local wind patterns to some extent. No significant micro-climatic variation is noticeable in the region.

1.1.10. Soil The soil of this area is highly saline in the vicinity of creeks and non-saline at other places. They are calcareous, neutral to alkaline in reaction (pH 7.5 to 8.5), clayey, with high amount of bases and have high water holding capacity (200-250 mm/m). The soils located on moderately sloping residual hills are lateritic in nature and show intensively leached surfaces. They are loamy and slight to moderately acidic (pH 5-6.5) with moderate base status (< 75%)

1.2 Demography

1.2.1. Existing Population To review the overall growth of a city, socio-economic indicators play an important role. These indicators give a true picture of the level or standard of living city is offering to its inhabitants. Also gives measuring tool to rate city over the surrounding settlements.



Below a picture has been presented of NMMC area from the year of establishment.

Table 1 Population in NMMC

Table 2 Population in NMMC area (2001 Census)

Year Total Population Source 1971 116789 Census 1981 198290 Census 1991 387206 Census 1995 475301 SES CIDCO 2001 703947 Census 2002 726126 UHP Survey 2003 759311 UHP Survey 2004 846100 UHP Survey 2005 875311 UHP Survey



It is very evident that a major change in the demographic profile has been seen in NMMC area after creation of MIDC to NMMC area and projects like JNPT and APMC were initial growth triggers for development in the area. With affordable housing in NMMC area a shift was observed among the people from Greater Mumbai to this part of land. Since the facilities and amenities are worked out for the city from day one, as it is a planned city, so infrastructure was also an attraction for this place which justifies the growth rate which NMMC area has experiences over last two decades.

1.2.2. Population Density NMMC area has population density of 4167 persons per square km. the figures show, comparatively, Greater Mumbai has density of 26722persons per sqkm and eastern suburbs have density of 20140 persons per square km, whereas western suburbs have density of 24605 persons per sqkm as compared to the most dense Mumbai island where density is 49163 persons per sqkm. Population projections Projections provide a base for determining the future needs. Based on past trends and internal and external factors, assumptions are framed and thus population projections are worked out. It is very crucial to determine the growth trends as it gives base data to estimate the physical and social infrastructure.

1.2.3. Assumptions NMMC area is a fast developing city. Due to the expedition of regional economy and availability of residential areas, a shift has been observed to NMMC area. Based on the following assumptions the population projections for year 2042 have been worked out: • Average of Annual growth rates from 2001 to 2006 is considered for projecting population from 2006 onwards till the nodes attain full development except • For Belapur population figures from 2002 onwards are projected as per the UHP (Urban Health Post) survey as it is considered to be the latest one. • After the nodes attain full development Growth rate of 2% annually is considered (1% as natural growth rate and 1% due to migration on account of proposed airport, proposed SEZ and expansion of sea port and IT parks). Redevelopment of existing properties and redevelopment of slums pockets and other congested areas like gaothan would create space to accommodate the above additional population. • As projected in Draft development Plan, growth rate of 3% per annum is considered for Dahisar up to 2015 and 10% thereafter. • It is assumed that by 2015, the nodes developed by CIDCO will attain full development . • For existing population of various nodes survey data of UHP has been used from year 2002 to 2005.



• Exceptional and negative growth rates are not considered for calculating average annual growth rate and are calculated based on Arithmetical Progression Method.

1.2.4. Population Projections for NMMC area-2042 Based on above mentioned assumptions, projections for population have been worked out as below:

Table 3 Population Projection in NMMC Population-Villages

Name of Village

Population 2042

Name of Village

Population 2042

Belapur 40381 Kopari gao 48526 kille 84469 Juhu gaon 65561

Diwale 27363 KK gao 25530 Agroli 14435 Bonkode 50415 Nerul 47025 Gothivali 105144

Shirvane 25852 Talavali 64937 SARSOLE 40437 Airoli gao 32001 DARAVE 44923 Diva 17860

KHARAVE 63097 sanpada

gao 13002 Vashi Gaon 8202 Jui pada 14736

Turbhe Gaon 50377

1.3 Land use After formation of NMMC on 1st January1992, 29 villages in CIDCO and 15 of Kalyan notified area were included in its municipal area. Total area under jurisdiction of NMMC is 162.5sqkm. Land use plan of NMMC area depicts that major area (almost half of total area) is under residential activity followed by regional parks and forest areas and industrial areas. At present, agricultural activity in NMMC area is extremely limited. 26.65sqkm (16.35%) of total area of NMMC is under forests. The land use distribution in NMMC is as shown in the following chart.

Year Total Population Source 2006 925346 UHP Projection 2011 1293987 Projected 2021 1879274 Projected 2031 2388082 Projected 2042 2911032 Projected



At the city level, the institution responsible for delivery of water supply is NMMC the flow chart shows the various functions performed by NMMC in Water Supply delivery and their linkages. The decision to undertake the project is taken by NMMC. The plan preparation, construction of reservoirs, laying of transmission lines and distribution lines, their maintenance and financial inputs are all bear by NMMC and State Government. The NMMC is also involved in providing house connections and collection of registration and user charges.

Investment Plan: 2007 – 2012

(Rs. Lacs)

City

Infrastructure

Basic Services to Urban Poor Total

Share in Total

Water 45800 5656 51456 20.00%

Sewerage 29325 5100 34425 13.40%

Drainage 27200 2900 30100 11.70%

Solid Waste Management 22550 350 22900 8.90%

Transport 37079 3134 40213 15.70%

E Governance 810 810 0.30%

Housing for Urban Poor 76921 76921 30.00%

Overall for NMMC 162765 94061 256826 100.00%

Proportion of Total .. 63.40% 36.60% 100.00%

1.4 Existing scenario of sewerage system in NMMC & Need For Project

A well planned basic system comprising trunk and main sewers exists in NMMC area. Total length of

sewer is 306.412Km. About 80 % of area of developed nodes in NMMC is covered by underground

drainage system with trunks and mains with due and developing sub-mains and laterals. There are total

8 numbers of sewage treatment plants in NMMC area located at CBD Belapur, Sanpada, Nerul, Vashi,

Koparkhairane & Airoli. The raw sewerage generated in NMMC area is about 244.00 Mld.



NMMC has commissioned STPs at Vashi, Airoli and Nerul with state of art technology recently. The

STPs are giving excellent results. The STPs are designed for 5 mg/l BOD discharge of treated sewage.

The treated sewage shall be at par with drinking water. There is tremendous potential for recycle for

treated sewage. The Re-constructed STPs Shall improve environmental condition in NMMC area to the

maximum possible.

NMMC has redesigned sewerage system at Airoli sector-3, Koparkhairane Sector-14, Vashi Sector 1&2

, Kopari sec-26, Nerul sec-50 And converted the sewerage system in gravity flow. This has resulted in

elimination of SPS-3 Airoli, SPS -14 Koparkhairane, SPS-26 Kopari, SPS-3 Vashi, SPS-17 Vashi and

SPS-50 Nerul. This has saved appreciable cost of electrical energy and O & M cost. This shall lead to

improved environmental conditions in nearby locality.

Remaining part of the city which has left out from earlier coverage of sewerage schemes needs to be

sewered on priority as the development have taken place in unprecedented manner in those localities.

Also few smaller diameter sewer lines needs to be replaced which are either are in broken or highly

deteriorated condition.

All the STP’s for Navi Mumbai were constructed 35 to 35 years ago based on conventional approach.

Most of them were deteriorated and was in need of rehabilitation or reconstruction. Out of total eight old

STP’s NMMC recently discarded and constructed three no of STP’s at Vashi, Airoli and Nerul based on

SBR technology. The physical status of remaining STPs is very bad. Those also needed to be replaced

on priority.

The original sewage collection, conveyance and treatment system for Navi Mumbai was designed by

CIDCO for water supply rate of 180 lpcd with 50 % infiltration for ultimate population based on land use

pattern . The system comprises of NP 2 ,NP 3 RCC piped collection system,19 no. of sewage

pumping stations and 8(eight) number of sewage treatment plants.

Details of Existing Sewer lines in NMMC area

Sr.no. ZONE Length Of Sewers, Km 1 CBD Belapur 39.309

2 Nerul 63.693

3 Vashi 37.111

4 Turbhe/Sanpada 29.561

5 Koparkhairane 66.836

6 Ghansoli 14.382

7 Airoli 29.880 TOTAL 306.412



Existing Sewage Treatment Plants in NMMC Area

Sr.No. Node Location Sector

Capacity MLD

Treatment Scheme

1 Belapur 12 21 Facultative Lagoon with aerators

2 CBD 26/27 0.15 Facultative Lagoon 3 Nerul 2 17 Aerated Lagoon 4 Nerul 50 100 Cyclic Aerator Sludge

technology 5 Sanpada 21 31 Work in Progress 6 Vashi 18 100 Cyclic Aerator Sludge

technology 7 Koparkha

irane 14 36 Aerated Lagoon

8 Airoli 18 80 Cyclic Aerator Sludge technology

TOTAL 385.15

1.4.1. Water Demand and supply projections as base for sewage collection The water demand and supply unto 2042 is calculated as per the population projections done

in earlier chapter. The projections are done by considering the water supply as 150 lpcd. The

water supply falls short to the demand only in 2042 with water supply of 450 MLD and corresponding sewage flow

generated will be 392 Mld excluding infiltration.

The projections are as given below

Table 8 : Projected Water Demand Node wise (including 15 % losses)

2005 2015 2025 2035 2040 2042Belapur 10 17 22 27 30 31 Nerul 31 63 76 93 103 107 Vashi 27 41 50 61 67 80 Kopar Kahirane 20 30 36 44 49 51 Ghansoli 7 13 24 33 36 38 Airoli 14 29 35 42 47 49 Sanpada 9 17 20 25 27 29 TTC 15 36 56 69 76 79 Digha 13 22 27 33 36 38 Total MLD 147 266 347 427 471 502



1.4.2. RECENT PROJECT:

Recently NMMC has commissioned STPs at Vashi, Airoli and Nerul with state of art ( SBR) technology

. The STPs are giving excellent results. The STPs are designed for 5 mg/l BOD discharge of treated

sewage. The treated sewage shall be at par with drinking water. There is tremendous potential for

recycle for treated sewage. The Re-constructed STPs Shall improve environmental condition in NMMC

area to the maximum possible.






1.4.3. Existing Tariff & Cost Recovery Methods

Capital expenditure & Operation expenditure of Sewerage sector is met with sewerage tax 3% & sewerage benefit tax included which is part of property tax. Sewerage tax for residential area is 3% for non residential area is 7%. Sewerage benefit tax is 1 % for residential area & 2% for non residential area.

1.4.4. Private Sector/ Community participation

NMMC is executing most the works by Private Sector Participation. The overall strength of NMMC staff is small hence overhead expenses are minimum. Existing areas of private sector / community participation are given in details in following Table 1.6.1

Sewage Generated Node/Year 2005 2015 2025 2035 2040 2042

Belapur 7 12 15 19 21 22 Nerul 22 44 53 65 72 74 Vashi 19 29 35 42 47 56

Kopar Kahirane 14 21 25 31 34 35 Ghansoli 5 9 17 23 25 26

Airoli 10 20 24 29 33 34 Sanpada 6 12 14 17 19 20

TTC 10 25 39 48 53 55 Digha 9 15 19 23 25 26

Total MLD 102 186 241 297 328 349



Table 13 : Existing Areas Of Private Sector/Community Participation In NMMC

1.4.5. Key Issues

The sewerage system in Navi Mumbai was conceptualized, designed and constructed by CIDCO from

1975 to 1990 and was handed over to NMMC. That means the age of existing sewerage infrastructure

is between 15 to 30 years. As far as collection system in the area is concerned, it is giving excellent to

average service till date. Although about 10 to 15 % of collection system needs the replacement, the

remaining collection system is expected to be serving satisfactorily for next eight to ten years after

which it may need replacement/rehabilitation.

This project is classified into two categories,

A) Long Term improvements.

B) Short Term improvements.

1.4.6. Long Term Improvements.

The sewerage system in Navi Mumbai was conceptualized, designed and constructed by CIDCO from

1975 to 1990 and was handed over to NMMC. That means the age of existing sewerage infrastructure

is between 15 to 30 years. As far as collection system in the area is concerned, it is giving excellent to

average service till date. Although about 10 to 15 % of collection system needs the replacement, the

remaining collection system is expected to be serving satisfactorily for next eight to ten years after

which it may need replacement/rehabilitation.

The phase wise replacement and or repair/rehabilitation program may be conducted ahead of 2016.

Table showing priority wise need for replacement of collection system and pumping stations as per the

age of construction.



Node No. Node Replacement work

Planned Initiation year

1 Vashi 2016

2 CBD 2017

3 Nerul 2018

4 Koparkhairne 2019

5 Airoli 2020

6 Ghansoli 2021

The detailed conditional assessment survey of all the components shall begin in the year 2012 -13 and

a phase wise replacement plan shall be implemented accordingly.

1.4.7. Short Term Improvements.

Recently NMMC has commissioned STPs at Vashi, Airoli and Nerul with state of art technology

recently. The STPs are giving excellent results. The STPs are designed for 5 mg/l BOD discharge of

treated sewage. The treated sewage shall be at par with drinking water. There is tremendous potential

for recycle for treated sewage. The Re-constructed STPs Shall improve environmental condition in

NMMC area to the maximum possible.






In addition to above it is necessary to augment existing collection system with two number of additional

sewage pumping stations and three number of sewage treatment plants.



Proposed immediate improvements

Sr No.

Components

1 Reconstruction of old STPs

2 Inclusion of left out part in city area under sewage collection system

3 Inclusion of 100 % Gaothan area under sewer network

4 Construction of additional pumping stations



CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DEFINITION, CONCEPT & SCOPE

2.1. Land

Total quantity of the land required for the project particularly for Sewerage treatment plant or pumping station is available with Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation.

Sr.No Project Components

Land Acquisition

required Yes/No

Area M2

Location Owner Remarks/Details .

1 Working Survey

NO ---- ---- ---- ----

2 Augmentation to Collection Network

No ---- ---- ---- Sewer lines are to be laid along the existing internal road the right of way for which is

already with NMMC

3 Sewage Pumping Stations

No 10500

9000

Vashi Sector-31

Dighe

NMMC

The Land is possession Of

NMMC. The detailed location sketch is

attached. 4 Sewage

Treatment plant No 48530

36480

62500

CBD Sector -12

Sanpada Sector -21

KoparKh. Sector-16

The Land is possession Of

NMMC. The detailed location sketch is

attached.

5 Miscellaneous Works

Security Guard Rooms, Compound

walls, etc

No ---- ---- NMMC ----

Guard rooms etc. are proposed in premises of existing pumping stations the land for which is already in

hold of NMMC

6 Computer, Plotters, GPS etc.

No ---- ---- ----

7 Communication strategy, public awareness campaign etc.

No. ---- ---- ----



2.2. Physical infrastructure component

2.2.1. Scope of Work

The major project components are as follows

I. Collection & conveyance System

The Collection & conveyance System is essentially consists of providing & laying of 148 kms of Np-4 & NP-

3 category of RCC pipes having diameters ranging from 150 mm to 1200 mm.

The collection system is to be laid in following villages and zones for left out and newly developing areas:

Sr.No. Name of Village Network Length m

1 Agroli 471

2 Airoli 1756

3 Belapur 1340

4 Bonkade 1086

5 Darave 1373

6 Digha 2236

7 Divagaon 980

8 Diwale gaon 908

9 Gothovali 956

10 Juhu gaon 1441

11 Jui nagar 827

12 Karave 3811

13 kk 1801

14 Kopari 1002

15 Nerul gaon 2149

16 Sanpada 1100

17 Sarsole 387

18 Shirvane 1576

19 Turbhe 601

20 vashigaon 826

21 Ghansoli gaon 2141

22 Killa Gaon 2803

23 Talavli 855



City Area (Node) wise length

No Node Network Length

Km

1 C.B.D 1.327

2 Airoli 15.18

3 Koparkhairne 30.60

4 Nerul 18.80

5 Sanpada 24.10

6 Vashi 27.92

II. Sewage Pumping Stations

Two number of Sewage Pumping stations of 10 Ml and 2 Ml capacities are to be provided in Vashi and

Digha node respectively.

III Raw Sewage Pumping Mains Providing lowering laying 250 mm dia, 3800 m and 450 mm dia 450 mm 2300 m ductile iron raw

sewage pumping mains from sewage pumping stations to STP’s

IV Sewage Treatment Plants Three no. of sewage treatment plants at following location and capacities are proposed under this project.

Sr.No. Location /Node Capacity of STP

1 Koparkhairne(/Ghansoli) 87.5 Mld

2 Nerul 37.5 Mld

3 C.B.D 19 Mld

V Treated sewage Pumping main for reuse (Ring Mains)

The treated sewage effluent will be supplied to bulk industrial customers by pumping.

Sr No. STP Location Reuse quantity to be

pumped

ML

Diameter

mm

Length

m

1 Airoli 10 450 2100

2 Koparkhairane 10 450 4600

3 Vashi 10 450 2400

4 CBD 10 450 2100

VI. Miscellaneous Works Miscellaneous works consisting of construction of Security Guard Rooms, Meter Rooms, Compound

walls, etc. around STPs.



VII. Project Office & Computer, Plotters, GPS etc.

The municipal Corporation is in the process of implementing sewerage scheme and this shall require

considerable establishment for implementation & further operations & maintenance of the scheme.

VIII. Provision for Communication strategy, public awareness campaign for water tariff rationalization and judicious use of water assets

Since the cost of water & its treatment is high it is essential to have public awareness campaign for

judicious use of water and avoid water wastage, provision is made in the estimate to take up such

campaign. Also the treated water is supposed to be reused by industries and housing societies which

requires an effective communication program & awareness campaign.

IX. Shifting of Existing Utilities

Since the collection and conveyance pipelines are required to be laid on main roads which shall require

shifting of utilities like telephone cables , electric cables , water pipelines etc. for which the payment has

to be made to the relevant departments for shifting them.

X. Construction of staff quarters, vehicles etc.

Constructions of staff quarters, project vehicles, staff training and institutional strengthening have been

made.

2.2.2. Methodology for computation

i) For the purpose of design, the wastewater generated is estimated considering Water supply rate as

150 lpcd and it is assumed that 80% of the water supply reaches the sewerage system.

ii) The quantum of wastewater in a given area is related to its water use as most of the flow to the

sewer system is derived as a portion of water supplied to that particular area and returned as spent

water. This percentage of spent water joining the sewer system is expressed as a return factor.

iii) The wastewater collection system consisting mainly of a network of sewers should have the capacity

to receive these flows over the design period from the contributory population or users and convey

through a system of pumping stations and gravity mains/ pumping mains finally to the point of

treatment.

iv) Wastewater generated would comprise domestic wastewater from residential, commercial

and institutional use and from industries/ industrial areas and infiltration.

v) Infiltration into the wastewater system occurs through defective sewers manholes etc. The

rate of infiltration into sewers also depends upon the ground water table and permeability of

the surrounding soil. Through strict quality control and good workmanship will ensure



minimum infiltration in initial but the same may increase as the system condition deteriorated

with age. It is normal practice in the Hydraulic of sewers to make an allowance for infiltration.

The infiltration allowance is considered as 5% of flow.

vi) For the purpose of design the total wastewater generated for the design period i.e. for the

year 2041 in the zones where sewerage scheme is proposed is worked out based on

projected population and population density.

2.2.3. Wastewater Quality

i. The quality of wastewater returned to a sewer system depends on the quality of water supplied,

nature of water use, intensity and quantity of use, condition and extent of the wastewater system.

Since municipal wastewater contains both domestic and industrial wastes, the type and extent of

industrial area are also important. The enforcing agencies require the industries to treat their own

wastes to prescribed standards before discharge into sewers.

ii. Important characteristics such as temperature, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand,

sulphates etc are subject to seasonal and geographic variations. It can be seen that BOD [5 days]

concentration is very low and sulphate concentration is very high. High sulphates may be from

the original water supplies of the project area or industrial waste of from infiltration of brackish

ground waters. Typical raw sewage characteristics are as follow

iii. BODs = 25gms /capita / day

iv. S.S = 10gms /capita /day

v. COD = 1.6 to 1.9 into BODs

vi. Sulphide Generation, Corrosion and Corrosion Projection in Sanitary Sewers.

vii. A sanitary sewer is considered a potentially corrosive environment where Hydrogen Sulfide [H2S]

may be generated. H2S may cause various problems including odour, hazard to maintenance

crews and corrosion of some sanitary sewer pipe materials.

viii. Factors Influencing Sulphide Generation.

ix. The factors that influence sulphide generation in sewers include

a) Temperature of sewage

b) Strength of sewage

c) Velocity of flow,

d) Time of travel of sewage upto the point in question

e) Sulphate concentration in sewage

f) Ventilation of the sewer.



2.2.4. COLLECTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA

I. Introduction This system design is essentially based on design criteria based on present practice as spelt in the

manual on sewerage and sewage treatment published by CPHEEO, manuals and codes of other

nations, studies reported in literature and papers in journals etc. Where possible, changes are

suggested to evolve a more efficient design to effect economy in cost, within the constraints of an

acceptable performance level for individual components and without comprising engineering.

II. Design Year

The design year considered for the wastewater system is 2041. i.e. 30 years from the year 2008 and

3 years construction period.

III. Design Flow

The design flow is based on the wastewater expected to be generated in the year 2041 and would

include wastes from domestic use in residential, commercial and institutional areas and non domestic

use in industrial areas and infiltration.

Avg. dry weather flow [Q avg.] per manhole = {Population [ P ] X Sewerage Flow (Water Supply

[lpcd] X Expected Sewer 80 % as per CPHEEO manual page No. 39 point 3.2.4)} + Infiltration 5% of

flow.

= P x (150 lpcd X 0.80) + Infiltration 5% of flow.

IV. Per Capita Wastewater Flow

For the purpose of design the wastewater generated is estimated considering population and water

supply rate as 150 lpcd and it is assumed as 80% of the water supply to reach the sewers.

V. Rate of Infiltration

The infiltration allowance is considered as 5% of sanitary flow.

VI. Peak Factor

The peak factors considered for design of sewers range between 2 to 3 as per the recommendations

of CPHEEO manual based on contributory population. The peak factors are applied to the projected

population for the design year considering an average per capita wastewater flow based on

allocation.

As pipes deteriorate with age, a roughness coefficient is assumed for the design period assuming fair

condition in sewers. The roughness coefficient 'n' is assumed to be the same for all diameters and is

taken as 0.011 for R.C.C. as per CPHEEO Manual.



VII. Design of Collection System

Manning's formula is adopted for the design of sewers.

vf = R2/3 S1/2 given that Where

vf = Velocity when pipe flows full in mps.

A = Cross sectional area of pipe in sqm.

n = Manning's roughness coefficient when pipe flows full

R = Hydraulic radius.

S = Slope of energy gradient

VIII. Design Aspects

Sewers are designed to carry estimated peak flows generated in the year 2041 and to run

partially full at all flows. The pipes are designed to flow at depths where the maximum

permissible depth of flow in sewers for established velocity criteria are tabulated. From

considerations of ventilation in wastewater flow, sewers have been designed to flow partially full

at ultimate peak flow. To ensure that deposition of suspended solids does not take place,

minimum self-cleansing velocities to be attained once in a day need to be considered in the

design of sewers. The minimum partial velocities during peak flow suggested are 0.8 m/s and the

maximum velocity 3.0 m/s. This velocity is adequate to keep a wide range of particles

encountered in the wastewater system in suspension.

IX. Pipe Material for Collection System.

Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) pipes, with rubber gasket at joints is proposed for

sewers as those are better in performance and workmanship than GSW, glass fiber

reinforced plastic (GRP) and high density polyethylene (H.D.P.E.) pipes. Prohibitive costs

preclude the use of the GRP and HDPE and therefore are not considered. R.C.C. pipes are

available in three classes i.e. NP2, NP3 and NP4. In keeping with discussions with MBMC

officials R.C.C. NP3 and NP4 class pipes have been preferred over NP2 pipes in view of

heavy traffic conditions.

1 . n



X Other Aspects

a) Minimum size of sewers The minimum size of sewers adopted is 150 mm diameter for analysis and identification of

proposed sewers under this study, along the major rods. The size is adopted to minimize possibility of

clogging.

b) Minimum depth of cover The minimum depth of cover on sewers is taken as 0.8 meters.

c) Recommended Maximum Depth of Flow in Pipes All sewer have been designed to flow 0.8 full at ultimate peak flow.

d) Type of bedding Type of bedding for various pipes (first class bedding, concrete cradle etc.) depends on the depth

at which the sewer is laid, type of pipes used, load due to backfill and super imposed load. Accordingly,

suitable bedding A Class, B Class and C Class for pipes is provided.

Class A bedding may be either concrete cradle or concrete arch. Class B is a bedding having a shaped

bottom or compacted granular bedding with a carefully compacted backfill. Class C is an ordinary bedding

having a shaped bottom or compacted granular bedding but with a lightly compacted backfill. Class D is

one with flat bottom trench with no care being taken to secure compaction of backfill at the sides and

immediately over the pipe and hence is not recommended.

The pipe bedding material must remain firm and not permit displacement of pipes. The material has to be

uniformly graded or well graded. Uniformly graded materials include pea gravel on one size material with a

low percentage of over and under sized particles. Well graded material containing several size of particles

in stated proportion, ranging from a maximum to a minimum size coarse sand pea gravel, crushed gravel,

crushed screening, can be used for pipe bedding. Fine materials or screening are not satisfactory for

stabilizing trenches bottom and are difficult to compact in above manner to provide proper pipe bedding.

Well Graded material is most effective for stabilizing trench bottom and has a lesser tendency to flow than

uniformly graded materials. However, uniformly graded material is easier to place and compact above

sewer pipes

e) Backfilling

Backfilling of the sewer trench is a very important consideration in sewer construction .The

method of backfilling to be used varies with the width of the trenches, the character of the material

excavated, the method of excavation and the degree of compaction required. In developed streets, a high

degree compaction is required to minimize the lode while in less important streets; a moderate

specification for fill may be justified. In open country it may be sufficient to mound the trenches and after

natural settlement return to regrade the areas.



The refilling shall proceed around and above the pipes. Soft material screened free from stones

or hard substances shall first be used an hand pressed under and around the pipes to half tire height.

Similar soft material shall then be put up to a height of 30 m above the top of the pipe and this will be

moistened with water and well rammed. The remainder of the trench can be filled with hard material, in

stages, each not exceeding 60 cm. At each stage the filling shall be well rammed, consolidated and

completely saturated with the water and then only further filling shall be continued. Geosynthetic polymer

solutions shall be mixed proportionately which works as a soil stabilizer and reinforcing agents also

helping to reduce the void between soil particles and thereby helping in gaining proctor density of 95% by

compaction. Before and during the backfilling of the trench, precaution shall be taken against the

floatation of the pipe line due the entry of large quantities of water into the trench causing an uplift of

empty or the partly filed pipe line. upon completion of the backfill, the surface shall be restored fully to the

level that existed prior to the construction the sewer.

Typical Road restoration section:

40 mm Asphalt concrete

50 mm Bituminous Macadam

50/75 mm BBM

Size metal layer

Over Size Metal layer

Total 750

mm

Sand/Gravel bedding( Trench Fill)

Appurtenances

a) Manholes

a) Manholes will be provided at all junctions, change of sewer size, gradient and

alignment.

b) The manhole frame and cover shall be Precast Concrete conforming to the IS

12542 (Part I) 1988 and Part II 1991, the clear opening of manholes shall be(1.) 560 mm as

per IS 4111. (2) The manholes with conical wall is proffered over vertical wall. The bottom

slab of manhole shall be of reinforced concrete, wherever required, depending on site

conditions.

c) Since water table is high in the project area seventy percent manholes are proposed to be

constructed in reinforced cement concrete of grade M20 with adequate waterproofing to

minimize infiltration.

b.) Supporting Strength of Rigid Conduit The ability of a conduit to resist safely the earth load depends on its inherent strength as well as

the distribution of vertical load, bedding reaction and on the lateral pressure acting against the



sides of the conduit. The inherent strength of a rigid conduit is usually expressed in terms of the

three edge bearing test results, the condition of which are however different from the field load

condition, For strength calculation of NP class precast RCC pipes, IS:458-1988 is used.

c.) Field Supporting Strength

The field supporting of a rigid conduit is the maximum load per unit length, which the pipe will

support while retaining complete serviceability when installed under specified condition of

bedding and backfilling. The field supporting strength however does not include any factor of

safety. The ratio of the strength of a pipe under any stated condition of loading and bedding to its

strength measured by the three edge-bearing test is called the load factor. The load factor does

not contain a factor of safety. Load factors have been determined experimentally and analytically

for the commonly used construction condition for both trench and embankment conduits.

The basic design relationships between the different design elements are:

Safe supporting strength,

W = Field supporting strength/Factor of safety

1. = (Load factor X three edge bearing strength)/Factor of safety

A factor of safety of at least 1.5 should be applied to the specified minimum three edge bearing

strength to determine the working strength for all the rigid conduits, The class of bedding

considered is B type, whose load factor as per the CPHEEO Manual is 1.9

d.) Type of Bedding

The type of bedding provided for pipes will be selected from granular bedding to concrete (M20)

cradle bedding or concrete encasement (M20) and the choice will depend on the depth at which the

sewer is laid, three edge bearing strength of pipes used, load due to backfill and superimposed

vehicular traffic loads, Technical suitability of such bedding, as per the guidelines of CPHEEO, is

studied and adopted as found acceptable.

e.) Force Main Sewage may have to be carried to higher elevations through force main, The size of the main should

be determined by taking into account the initial cost of pipeline and cost of operation of pumping for

different sizes of pressure main has been calculated for velocity of 1.1 to 1.5 m/sec for designing

peak flows with a maximum velocity up to 2.0 m/sec.

Losses in values. Fittings, etc. Are dependent upon the velocity head v2/2g Loss in bends, elbows

depend upon the ratio of absolute friction factor to pipe diameter, besides the velocity head. Loss due

to sudden enlargement depends upon the ratio of diameters.

Each individual case needs to be studied form various aspects such as operation of pumps, the

specified limits, availability of land required for duplicating the main in future, etc.



DI pipes conforming to IS: 1536 -1989 and DI pipes as per IS: 8329 -1194 corrosion resistant with an

expected life of about 100 Years. CI pipes will be jointed either by rubber gaskets suitable titan joints

or by lead joint.

1. Construction methods

(a) Trench The width of trench at and below the top of sewer should be the minimum necessary for its proper

installation with the due consideration to its bedding. The width of sewer at bottom will D+0.8 where

0.8m is considered as working space. The width of trench increases 0.6 m foe every 1.5 m.

(b) Shoring

Open timbering in trenches of depth more than 1.5m for shoring and strutting is proposed.

Continuous sheeting shall be provided outside the wall plates to maintain the stability of trench walls.

(c) Sewer Connections Concrete Spigot and socket pipes are laid with rubber joints facing up the gradient on desired

bedding special bedding hunching or encasing may be provided where conditions so demand (as

discussed in 6.5)All the pipes shall be laid perfectly true both to line and gradient (Is:4127-1983)

(d) Hydraulic testing:

Water test Each section sewer shall be tested for water tightness preferably between manholes. To prevent

change in alignment and disturbance after the pipes have been laid. It is desirable to backfill the pipes

up to the top keeping at least 90 cm length of the pipe open at the pipe open at the joints. However

this may not be feasible in the case of pipes of shorter length, such as stoneware and RCC pipes.

With concrete encasement or concrete cradle, partial covering of the pipe is not necessary.

The leakage or quantity of water to be supplied to maintain the test pressure during the period of 10

minutes shall not exceed 0.2 liters/mm dia of pipes per kilometers length per day.

For non pressure pipes it is better to observe the leakage shall be carried out at a time when the

ground water.

(e) Construction of manholes ;- Construction of manholes shall be constructed simultaneously with sewers. The manholes shall be of

R.C.C or brick masonry. The entire height of the manhole shall be tested for water tightness by

closing both the incoming and outgoing ends of the sewer and filling the manhole with the water. A

drop of in water level not more than 50 mm per hours shall be permitted. In high subsoil water it shall

be ensured that there is no leakage of ground water in to manhole by observing the manhole for 24

hours after emptying it.



2.2.5. DESIGN BASIS OF SEWAGE PUMPING STATION

I. Design Approach

The design and selection of pumps for a sewage pumping station involves a multi-disciplinary team of

experts who have to work out every detail of the fluid, mechanical and electrical aspects in order to obtain

a satisfactory design and operation of the pumping station. Different types of pumps have their own

purposes and characteristics. There are a series of decisions that have to be taken while selecting and

designing the pumps. The various factors considered while designing the pumping station are:

Determine location and purpose Determine the required discharge (average and peak flows) Determine the required lift or pressure increase, including the variations therein, as well as the

transport distance Determine the type of liquid Determine in and outflow condition, etc.

II. Location

Pumping stations are normally located at the lowest point of the area as they are intended to serve.

They will frequently, therefore be found alongside the watercourses that drain the area as they are

the natural lowest level.

Proper location of the pumping station requires a comprehensive study of the area to be served

ensure that the entire area can be adequately drained. Special considerations have to be given

undeveloped or developing areas to the probable future growth as the location of the pumping station

will, in many cases, be determined by the future overall development of the area. The site should be

aesthetically satisfactory. The pumping station shall be located and constructed in such a manner that

it will not be flooded at any time. The station should be easily accessible under all weather conditions.

III. Determination of Flows

Having decided on the location of the pumping station, its purpose and the contributory area., the

next stage is to calculate average and peak flows for the present day and a point in the future at

"design horizon' Whilst in the structural sense, concrete structures are designed for 30-50 years, are

normally sized to deal with the peak flow at a 30 year horizon.

IV. Layout

The layout of pumping stations will primarily depend upon the local conditions. In general, it CI said

that the layout of a pumping station is logic fit of all functions of the station with sufficient room to

move between machinery for erection and maintenance purposes, but without unnecessary empty

spaces either in horizontal plane or in vertical plane. In principle, flow lines shall be as short as

possible and no unnecessary bends shall be present in the piping.



Spaces are required for the following units.

Inlet chamber Screen chamber Main collection sump Valve chamber / dry well Transformer station Electrical panel room DG set room Operations office

Two type of pump house layout is considered based on type of pumps:

Dry well and wet well for horizontal centrifugal pumps

Wet well and value chamber for submersible pumps

2.2.6. Design Basis for Sewerage Treatment Plant

As settlements grew bigger, local disposal of night soil in the primitive days gave way to water-carriage

sewage conveyance systems with a sewage treatment facility at a remote end of the town. Costs of

wastewater collection and treatment spiraled up thereby pushing them beyond the means of small towns

in developing countries. Discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage into water bodies became an

order of the day.

A point to ponder here is whether long term economy could be achieved with extreme spatial separation

between points of generation, treatment and utilization. Common sense dictates that smaller closed

systems may be far more economical than larger open systems. It is quite evident that overall costs of

sewage conveyance, treatment and reuse are directly proportional to the total distance over which raw

and treated sewage is carried. The figure below illustrates the potential savings in sewerage system costs

by de-centralization. On one extreme of the spectrum therefore is the traditional “ centralized”

configuration while the other extreme is the treatment and reuse and/or recycle of sewage in individual or

clusters of settlements. There is therefore a continuum of options between these extremes.

The question here arises that if de-centralized collection, treatment and reuse/ recycle of sewage is economical, why has

the concept not gained wide acceptance? There could be several reasons for this:

a. The visual, odor and potential contamination problems traditionally associated with sewage treatment systems

b. Space constraints

c. Lack of local reuse/ recycle avenues for treated sewage

d. Costlier operation due to multiplicity of treatment systems

For the realization of economic benefits of de-centralized treatment options the aforementioned limitations merit serious

consideration.



I. Compact And Aesthetically Designed Sewage Treatment Systems --- A Distinct Possibility

The principle of process intensification makes the development of compact and aesthetically designed sewage treatment

systems a distinct possibility. Use of lamella or tube settlers in place of conventional clarifiers is the simplest example of

process intensification. In biological treatment systems intensification is primarily achieved by an order of magnitude

increase in microbial cell population per unit volume of reactor thereby permitting shorter residence times. This in turn

enables significant reduction in plant footprints.

Compact process technologies enable package, modular design with expansion slots to be filled up for phased expansion.

Compact systems are also amenable to a fully enclosed design with exhaust ducts and de-odorization systems if needed.

This approach enables full exploitation of economies of scale benefits by designing constituents process modules for

different time horizons. With this approach, capacity expansion need not be construed as a replication of an identical

parallel stream but rather as the addition of a module or

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

SYSTEMS REQUIRING DIFFUSED AERATION

AERATION BY THIN FILM RENEWAL

MBRSAFFMBBR SBREAASCAS RMBR

MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

STATIONARY AEROBIC FIXED FILMREACTOR

MOVING BEDBIO REACTOR

CONVENTIONALACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

SEQUENCINGBATCH REACTOR ROTATING

MEDIABIO REACTOR

TBBR

TRICKLE BEDBIO REACTOR

EXTENDEDAERATIONACTIVATED SLUDGE

HYBRID GROWTH SYSTEMS SUSPENDED GROWTH SYSTEMS ATTACHED GROWTH SYSTEMS

2.3. Environmental Assessment of Sewerage System

2.3.1. Air quality:

The existing air quality of the study area was monitored for 24 hrs at Twelve locations, as per zone

divided for sewerage system. The air quality was monitored with respect to CO, SO�, NOx , SPM , RPM

and Pb. The existing air quality was compared to the national ambient air quality standards suggested by

CPCB. From the monitored values for the air quality it is observed that the NOx, SO2, Pb, RSPM and CO

values are within the prescribed limits. The level of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is marginally



above the prescribed limits in major traffic roads & near railway station. Though the existing lead (Pb)

levels are below the limits, the difference is marginal.

2.3.2. Noise quality:

The ambient noise levels in the study area were monitored continuously for 24 hrs at an interval of one

hour at eleven locations. It was observed that the noise levels exceed the prescribed limits at major

roads & near stations. For the commercial land use near all these area, the day noise levels are only 5

dB(A) above the limits, while the night values exceed by 7 dB(A). For the residential land uses, the day

noise levels exceed by 10 dB(A) and the night levels exceed by 5 dB(A).

2.3.3. Vegetation:

Most of the roads in the study area are lined with mature, shady trees, though the feeder roads to the

stations were generally devoid of trees, especially at the station end. Agriculture is an important activity

in rural areas especially those in the fringes of expanse Agricultural land is on the decline as

development pressures affect it. Low lying agricultural areas along the river, saltpans have also been

converted to wetlands due to sea water entering the farming area through breeches.

2.3.4. Soil investigation & Water level

Soli investigation report has attach in Annexure 1.

2.3.5. Meteorological profile

The study area has warm humid weather and receives rainfall for more than four months a year. The

average wind speed ranges from 5 mph to 9 mph. The predominant wind direction in Navi Mumbai is

south/south-west in monsoon and north/north-east in winter. The meteorological readings for the closest

station at Santa Cruz are as below:

Fig 7 : Mean Monthly Climatic Parameters (Station: Santa Cruz (Mumbai))

Latitude: 19 07 Longitude: 72 51 Height above MSL: 15 Meters



Source: Regional Meteorological Centre, Mumbai

Since the winter temperature is rarely below 15- 20° C problems associated with temperature inversion

are not a major issue in the city. However, the humidity and the pollution combined together results in

occasional smog. From the monitored values for the air quality it is observed that the NOx, SO2, Pb,

RSPM and CO values are within the prescribed limits. The level of suspended particulate matter (SPM)

is marginally above the prescribed limits in crowded areas. Though the existing lead (Pb) levels are

below the limits, the difference is marginal.

2.4. Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Improvement Schemes And Mitigation Measures

The impact of the schemes during the construction stage as well as operational stage was assessed

with respect to land use, air quality, noise quality, vegetation, pedestrian and vehicular safety and

convenience, visual intrusion and cultural parameters.

2.4.1. Impact of the project on air quality:

The model does not take into account the numerous complex aspects of air quality predictions, it should

be considered as a qualitative estimate and the figures mentioned are only approximate indications.

During the construction stage most of the schemes will result in increased pollution levels in the study

area. However the use of steel portal frame structures for the walkways reduces on site construction

activities to the minimum. The impacts are likely due to activities related to excavation, drilling,

transportation of material to and from the site and increased vehicular emissions caused by traffic

congestion due to construction activities. However, this is a short-term impact and can be kept under

control by appropriate mitigation measures.

2.4.2. Impact of the project on noise level:

The use of heavy machinery will increase the noise level in the study area during the construction

stage. There will be a marginal improvement in the study area’s noise levels due to the reduced

acceleration and deceleration made possible by the improved traffic flow, particularly along feeder roads

to station & Highway.



Impact on aspects like privacy, safety, light and ventilation, visual obstruction etc of the residential and

commercial units:

During construction stage of sewerage network, the commercial areas along the relatively narrow road

are likely to be marginally affected in terms of reduced accessibility.

2.4.3. Air Pollution Mitigation:

A construction management plan should be prepared for each of the schemes by the Project Management

Consultant in consultation with the Contractor, incorporating the mitigation measures suggested in the

Environmental Management Plan. Fugitive dust emissions should be contained within the site by barriers. Dust

covers shall be made compulsory for transporting materials. Drilling operations should be coupled with dust

collectors. All construction debris should be disposed off at the Dumping Ground. Heavy vehicles should not be

allowed in the site during peak hours. A traffic management plan should be made for the construction period

indicating traffic diversions, parking area and parking time changes, vehicular restrictions and time- related

restriction.

2.4.4. Noise Pollution Mitigation:

Construction activities should not be allowed between 10 pm-7 am. As far as possible, maximum noise

producing work should be avoided during peak hours. Localized and stationary noise sources like generators

should be encased within temporary noise barriers. Noise generating equipment should have quality mufflers

installed. All equipment should be lubricated and maintained in a good condition. To avoid use of mixing plants,

ready mix concrete should be used. Proper signage should be provided near the schools ,discouraging the use

of horns. Heavy vehicles should not be allowed to use on smaller road while laying pipes.

2.4.5. Mitigation for loss of vegetation:

To compensate for the loss of trees, twice the number of trees removed should be replanted. Trees that are

viable to be transplanted should be identified in consultation with the tree authority. Planters along Traffic Road

should be planted with shrubs like Lantana and Wedelia Trilocata, which has good dust absorbing properties.

The above mitigative measures are incorporated in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP

covers all the mitigative measures suggested for the project, responsible agencies and the monitoring and

reporting schedules. The Project Implementing Agency (NMMC) will get the EMP implemented through the

Project Management Consultant (PMC) by incorporating the EMP requirements in the contractual agreement.

An Monitoring Panel constituted by NMMC with the objective to ensure that the policies related to social and

environmental issues are followed. The panel will meet periodically to review the periodical reports,

environmental compliance report, etc. submitted by PIAs and PMCs/Contractors.



2.5. Environmental Management Plan

The negative impacts associated with many of the proposed schemes can be mitigated by an appropriate

environmental management plan. The mitigation measures during the construction as well as operational

stages, recommendations regarding construction and post construction monitoring, their frequency, and the

responsible agencies have also been covered in the Environmental Management Plan. The Impact assessment

study indicates that the major impacts of the project are on environmental parameters related to air quality,

noise quality, and vegetation and visual/aesthetic quality. Certain land use specific impacts like privacy to

residential areas, light and ventilation; safety etc has also been identified as also impacts related to pedestrian

and vehicular convenience and safe. Mitigation measures for each of these impacts were covered in detail in

point 2.5 .

2.5.1. Environmental Management Measures

Generic environmental management measures suggested for the project are summarized in Table 13 while

project specific measures are included in Table 14. The monitoring and evaluation of the Environmental

Management Plan is critical for ascertaining the effectiveness of mitigating measures in controlling the adverse

impacts. The environmental monitoring schedule for the construction and operation stage of the project is

provided in Table 15.



Table 2.1. Summary of Environmental Management Plan- Generic Measures

S. No

Environmental Parameter- Air Quality

Environmental Management Measures Period Responsible agency

Remarks

1 Signage informing commuters about traffic diversion Construction Stage

Contractor, NMMC

Cross Reference: MoRTH:112

2 Preparation of Construction Management Plan incorporating EMP measures

Pre Construction stage

Project Management Consultant, Contractor

3 Disposal of construction debris at Dumping Yard Construction Stage

Contractor

4 Schedule the activities in such a way that debris related to each stage of the work( site clearance, excavation etc) is removed before the next stage is started rather than pile up the debris in the site till all the work is completed

Construction Stage

Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:111.9

5 Maintaining Construction Vehicles in good condition, conforming to the prescribed emission norms

Construction Stage

Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:106



S. No



Remarks

6 Dust covers made of tarpaulin on material transporting trucks. Construction Stage

Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:111.8, 111.9

7 Regular sprinkling of water on construction site to reduce dust emission

Construction Stage

Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:111.8

8 The drilling operations should be coupled with dust collectors. Construction Stage

Contractor

9 Ready mix concrete to be used as far as possible- no hot mix plants and aggregate crushing plants allowed in the study area. Contractors should ensure that the plants from where it is sourced are licensed and authorized for operation by concerned authorities and shall intimate PMC and Project implementing Agency prior to procuring materials. PMC to procure relevant documents from plant owners regarding compliance to emission norms.

Construction Stage

Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH: 111.5

10 No workers camps on site. Instead travel facilities to be provided to the laborers

Construction Stage

Contractor



S. No

Environmental parameter- Air Quality


Remarks

11 Idling of material transporting vehicles should not be allowed during periods of unloading or when they are not in active use.

Construction Stage

Contractor, PMC

Cross Reference 201.2

12 All earth work and construction material should be stored in such a way that dust and spillage on roads is minimized

Construction Stage

Contractor, PMC

Cross Reference: MoRTH: 201.4

13 Prohibition of heavy vehicles during peak hours on the roads where construction is going on.

Construction Stage

Traffic Police, Contractor

14 Strict enforcement of parking in the stipulated zones alone Operational Stage

Traffic Police

15 Stringent PUC regulation and checks Operational Stage

Traffic Police, RTO

16 A transportation plan of materials will be formulated to avoid delivery during peak hours.

Construction Stage

Project Management Consultant, Contractor



Table 2.2 S. No

Environmental Parameter- Noise

Mitigative measure Period Responsible agency

Remarks

1 Restriction of Construction activities between 10 pm-7 am.

Construction Stage Contractor

2 As far as possible, maximum noise producing work should be avoided during peak hours, where the potential number of receptors (commuters) are more.


3 Maintaining construction equipment by adequate lubrication


4 Enclosing heavy machineries and generator sets within temporary noise barriers. The main noise producing equipment such as generators, grader etc. should be provided with noise shields around them. The noise shields can either be a brick masonry structure or Concrete.


5 Construction equipment noise should be within the limits prescribed by MoEF.

Part 'E', Schedule-VI of Environment (Protection) Rules,1986,19thMay,1993 Amendment

6 All construction equipment shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Damaged silencers to be replaced promptly by contractor and equipment used only after replacement of the same.

Construction Stage Contractor Ref: MoRTH: 111

7 Workers exposed to loud noise shall wear ear plugs/ ear muffs

Construction Stage Contractor Factory Act requirement MoRTH: 111.6 MoRTH: 105.2

8 Restriction in operation of heavy machinery during peak hours




Table 2.3

S. No.

Environmental Parameter- Pedestrian safety/convenience

Mitigative measure Period Responsible agency Remarks

1 Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain barricades, signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as suggested by the Project Management Consultant for the information and protection of traffic.

Construction Stage Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:112

2 Structural damage caused to the existing roads by contractors construction equipment shall be made good without extra cost

Construction Stage Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH: 111.11

3 The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during demolition and site clearing activities.

Construction Stage Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH:112.4



Table 2.4

Table 2.5 S. No.

Environmental Issue- Privacy and Safety of residential units on the upper floors


1 Construction material containing fine particles shall be stored in enclosures, so that it does not drain into storm water drains.

Construction Stage

Contractor, PMC MoRTH:306

2 Debris generated from pile driving should not flow into storm water drains

Construction Stage

Contractor, PMC

3 Emergency lighting should be provided in the subway

Table 2.6 Summary of Environmental Management Plan- Project Specific Measures

S. No. Environmental Parameter- Worker safety/convenience


1 First aid and medical facilities will be available at the construction site

Construction Stage Contractor Factory Act

2 The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances like safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, masks etc to the workers and staff

Construction Stage Contractor MoRTH 105:2



S. No



Remarks

1 Preparation of Traffic Management Plan and getting approval from Project Management Consultant and Traffic Police

Pre Construction Stage

Project Consultant, NMMC, Traffic Police, Contractor

Cross Reference: MoRTH: 112.1, Project Report

2 Enclosing construction sites with temporary barriers to contain fugitive emissions, leaving a clearance of one meter from shop entrances.

Construction Stage Contractor Cross Reference: MoRTH: 111.8

3 Planting of trees on feeder roads on the west side of the station

Construction Stage NMMC

4 Provision of facility for Queue system for Share a cab system with prominent signage

Operational Stage Traffic Police, Contractor

6 A transportation plan of materials will be formulated to avoid delivery during peak hours.

Construction Stage Project Management Consultant, Contractor

S. No

Environmental parameter- Noise


6 Regular monitoring as per the Monitoring Schedule

Construction Stage, Operation Stage

NMMC Contractor

7 Restriction in operation of heavy machinery during peak hours


8 Noise absorbent material to be fitted near construction site

Construction Stage NMMC, Contractor

9 Restriction on heavy vehicles on construction roads

Construction Stage Traffic Police

10 Restriction on use of horns on construction site near hospital schools. Signage to be provided for the same.

Operational Stage Traffic Police



Note: Proposals are submitted to the authority for permission. According to the instruction of the tree authority this section will be modified and approval letter will be added in annexure

S. No

Environmental parameter- Vegetation

Mitigative measure Period Responsible agency

Remarks

1 Obtain permission from Tree Authority for removal of 8 trees

Pre Construction NMMC, Contractor Preservation of Tree Act of Maharashtra, 1975

2 Remove the 8 trees approved for cutting. Felled trees should be removed on the same day as early as possible from the project area.

Pre Construction Contractor, PMC Tree Authority Approval

3 In consultation with the tree authority, identify trees that has viability for transplanting. Crucial factors in this matter are the cost factors and the survival chances of the transplanted trees. Considering the harsh conditions, transplantation of fully mature trees of girth more than 30 cms might not be feasible on account of these factors. Hence only those small trees less than 30 cms in girth and 6ft in height is recommended for transplantation.

Pre Construction NMMC, Tree Authority.

4 It is recommended that more than double the number of

trees cut be planted as part of compensatory planting,

considering the constraints in the survival of trees in the

study area. Recommended species as per section 4.3to

be considered. Tree guards to be provided

Post Construction Tree Authority, NMMC, Contractor

Preservation of Tree Act of Maharashtra, 1975

5 Monitoring of survival of trees for 1 year and

replacement of dead trees

Construction stage, operational stage

Tree Authority, PMC



Table 2.7 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION STAGE

Environmental Component

Project Stage Parameters Standards Location Frequency Duration Responsible Agency

Air Quality Construction Stage

SO2, NOx, SPM and RSPM

NAAQS of CPCB

Near activity of Laying of pipes, STP construction & pump ins station location.

Once a month during the construction stage which should coincide with the activities related to Excavation, Construction of pile foundation, and super structure

24 hours continuous

NMMC

Air Quality Construction Stage

CO NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above Same as above 8 hours /day NMMC

Noise Quality Construction Stage

Leq day, Leq night , L10 , L50 and L90 in dB A

NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above Same as above 10 minutes intervals for 12 hour periods (8a.m to 8 p.m).

NMMC





Air Quality Operation Stage


NAAQS of CPCB


Once every season. Monitoring of CO shall be carried out within 10 meters and the rest of the parameters may be done within 50 meters from the edge of the road.

24 hours continuous for 2 days continuously of which one should be weekday other than Monday.

NMMC


CO NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above. Once every season.

for 8 hrs/ day for 2 days of which one should be weekday other than Monday

NMMC

Noise Quality Operation Stage

Leq day, Leq night, L60 in dBA

NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above

Once every six months. It should be carried out on a weekday other than Monday.

24 hour period (continuous) at 10 minutes intervals

NMMC







NAAQS of CPCB


Once every season. Monitoring of CO shall be carried out within 10 meters and the rest of the parameters may be done within 50 meters from the edge of the road.

24 hours continuous for 2 days continuously of which one should be weekday other than Monday.

NMMC


CO NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above. Once every season.

8 hrs/ day for 2 days of which one should be weekday other than Monday

NMMC

Noise Quality Operation Stage

Leq day, Leq night, L60 in dBA

NAAQS of CPCB

Same as above.

Once every six months. It should be carried out on a weekday other than Monday.

24 hour period (continuous) at 10 minutes intervals

NMMC


Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporationl, Navi Mumbai 49

2.5.2. Cost Estimates for Environmental Protection

For carrying out the activities prescribed in the Environmental Management Plan for the construction period, the cost estimates are as below: : Item Cost (Rs) Environmental Monitoring for air quality @ Rs 10,000/ location at Eleven locations during Construction Stage 11,00, 000.00

Environmental Monitoring for noise quality @ Rs 2000/ location at Eleven locations during Construction Stage 8,00,000.00

Tree Plantation including in pumping station area & Sewage area 1,00,000.00 Water Quality analysis 7,50,000.00 Sewage water quality analysis 7,50,000.00 Treated water quality analysis 5,00,000.00 Soil analysis 2,50,000.00 Environment awareness & Training costs 5,00,000.00

Contingencies @ 5% of total Environmental Management Cost 2,50,000.00

Total 50,00,000.00 A key requirement for an effective Environmental Management Plan is an efficient institutional set up. The

following sections provides the details of the institutional set up required for environmental management, the

reporting content and frequency as well as the institutional strengthening required for effective environmental

management for the project.

2.5.3. Institutional Set-up and Coordination For Environmental Management

The responsibility of implementing the various environmental mitigation measures lies with the PIAs, such as

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation. The responsibility also includes various tasks such as notifying various

affected parties such as the residents and commercial establishments facilitate the relocation of people, notify

other utility departments such as telephone, water supply, sewerage etc., which use the road for providing

public utility services.

The Project Implementing Agency will get the EMP implemented through the Project Management Consultant

(PMC) by incorporating the EMP requirements in the contractual agreement along with the provision of

penalties to be levied if the contractor fails to comply with the conditions. The contractor shall submit a report on

compliance with the environmental mitigation measures (Environmental Compliance Reports, ECRs) before

start of construction activities and once every month thereafter to the PIA.

NMMC as an apex organization shall initiate co-ordination process among the concerned organizations for EMP

implementation. NMMC shall take lead in

• Reviewing the progress of the projects and plans particularly in respect of EMP on the basis of ECRs.

• Reviewing and discussing the salient features of the annual environmental status reports prepared by the local authorities.

• organizing and co-coordinating training programs for all PIAs and related organizations



An Project coordination Committee has been constituted by NMMC with the objective to ensure that the Environmental policies related to social and environmental issues are followed.

NMMC has proposed a co-ordination model for promoting effective implementation of EMPs at sectoral level and at project level during construction and operation phases. The responsibilities of key functionaries for EMP implementation are:

• The Project coordination has the overall responsibility of implementation of co-ordination of all the environmental related matters of the projects.

• The Executive engineer is responsible for both environmental planning and management. He will also be

responsible for co-coordinating the environmental related works and ensuring preparation and implementation of sectoral and project level MPs for the projects. In respect of R&R, he is particularly responsible for ensuring preparation and implementation of Community Environmental Management Plans (CEMP).

The co-ordination model proposed by NMMC is shown in the following figure:

Fig.8 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of EMP

The Institutional mechanism proposed is essentially applicable to the construction phase. The PMCs and

Contractors shown in the dotted box will cease to function after the construction phase. EMP implementation and

monitoring during the operations phase will e guided and assisted by Environmental Management and Capacity

Building Consultants and then rest is applicable for operation phase.

Project Coordination Committee

NMMC

Additional City Engineer

PMC

Contractor



2.5.4. Reporting Requirements Besides the institutional framework for EMP monitoring, it is also important to identify the key parameters that have to be monitored and establish a reporting system. The rationale for a reporting system is to ensure accountability for implementing the EMPs. A generic reporting system proposed to be followed is given in Table 16. However, the monitoring parameters and frequency of reporting are project specific and depend upon several factors such as:

• Environmental components affected • Construction schedule of the project • Environmental Management Plans suggested

Table 16: Reporting Content and Frequency

Construction Stage

Reporting Parameter

PMC Reporting Frequency to PIA

PIA reporting Frequency to MMRDA

MMRDA reporting Frequency to World Bank

Trees to be removed

Monthly Monthly Quarterly

Pre

-C

onst

ruct

ion

Relocation of utility and Community resources


Fugitive dust mitigation


Condition of construction Equipment w.r.t noise and emissions


Road-side and compensatory plantation schedule


Plantation survival rate reporting


Pollution monitoring Monthly Monthly Quarterly

Con

stru

ctio

n

Debris disposal plan/locations


Apart from the reporting and evaluating data during the construction stage of the project, there is a general need of

improving environmental monitoring, sharing data with concerned NGOs and the civil society and mainstream the

emerging environmental concerns in the overall development planning process. This could be achieved by

strengthening the existing legal procedures like preparation of annual environmental status reports by the local

authorities. MMRDA proposes to seek consultant assistance for these and related institutional strengthening.



2.5.5. Institutional Strengthening

The implementation of an environmentally underground sewerage project involves a number of institutions/

organizations at various levels, with each organization having a distinct role to play. Introducing environmental

dimensions in formulating and implementing a transportation strategy would require that these institutions

shoulder additional responsibilities for ensuring that the strategy does not result in any significant adverse

environmental impacts. In order to examine the existing capacities and identify the additional responsibilities that

the concerned Organizations/ institutions shall take up to address environmental issues, these Organizations are

categorized into four groups -Apex Organizations, Project Implementation Agencies, Transport Service

Organizations and Regulatory Organizations

NMMC is the apex organization and being the regional planning authority has regular intercalations with various

Project Implementing Agencies. The existing capacities of these organizations for environmental management

have been carefully assessed by NMMC. The envisaged roles and responsibilities of these organizations and

additional strengthening requirements to meet the environmental obligations are given in Table 4.

2.5.6. Training Program NMMC will seek consultant assistance for developing and planning a training program, as part of Environment Management & Capacity Building (EMCB), which will include:

Identification of different training modules covering at different levels (initial and recurring) Identification of trainers. Development of training programs for each module. Development of training material for each module (slides, videos and information support material) Planning a training schedule Development of a mechanism for training feedback assessment Conduct or organize training program according to the above program and provide feedback on the

effectiveness of the training. The Environment Management & Capacity Building (EMCB) will also cover:

Review institutional capacity of NMMC and PIAs vis-à-vis environmental management in general and addressing environmental issues.

Identify organizational needs in terms of structure, resources (facilities and staff) roles and responsibilities in NMMC and PIAs

Coordinate the monitoring and supervision of Underground sewerage system, along with NMMC & PIA’s in relation to environmental issues during project implementation by

Helping to develop uniform codes of practice for construction management for all PIAs that integrate all relevant environmental concerns upstream in subprojects (based on a review of what currently exists within the PIA’s)



Assisting in supervision of studies to be undertaken under the project, for example study on noise levels along with major roads to be undertaken in order to map the noise levels with respect to sensitive receptors with a view to recommending adequate mitigation measures

TABLE 17 Institutional Strengthening And Environment & Safety Training Requirement

ORGANISATION ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES STRENGTHENING REQUIRED NMMC Review and implementation of EMP’s

Facilitate implementation of policy directives/emission laws etc. for pollution prevention/mitigation by interacting with various government departments like environment, urban development etc. Review the environmental management capabilities of implementing agencies to assist them in developing their capabilities. Obtain and analyze environmental information generated by organizations like , MPCB etc and factor them into short them and long term planning process for overall sustainable development of MMR. Facilitate implementation of CEMP’s through NGOs and EMCs in R&R sites Monitoring of Ambient air quality and noise at existing locations. Extending monitoring network to sewerage project locations for post project monitoring Regular report to NMMC to enable environmental planning at regional level

Enhance the capabilities of this existing environmental cell of NMMC by out sourcing whenever required Training needed on:

Environmental assessment Appreciation of environmental

impacts and EMPs. Procedure and responsibilities for EMP implementation, monitoring and reporting etc.

Training in analysing environmental data factoring it in project development, incorporating sustainability considerations in development planning process NMMC is operating air quality monitoring network for the last several years and already have trained personnel.

2.6. Rehabilitation & Resettlement

By the implementation of the project the problem of rehabilitation & resettlement is not to be faced. The

Corporations has passions of right ways for necessary land for collection systems. The municipal

Corporation is having possession of majority of land required for the project except few pieces of land which

are reserved and shall be acquired through the issuance of TDR. The Corporation is in the process of

obtaining these land from land owners for which a nominal provision of Rs. 50 lakhs have been made for

completion of formalities and payment to revenue department etc. For each pumping station & Sewage

treatment. Following statement explains status of each Sewerage zone & pumping station with require area

for STP.



2.7. Specialized Procured Services Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation awarded the work of preparation of Detailed plans and Estimates for

Sewerage system in urbanized area under Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation to M/s Tandon &

Associates, Mumbai in year 2007 due to inadequate manpower & knowledge base.

To prepare the clear and viable technical proposal for the sewerage collection project with cost estimate for

the horizon year 2041 with a view to attain system optimization. This shall cover as follows:-

1. Study of existing sewerage collection and treatment system and studies made so far. Also, review of additional resources especially with respect to availability of land.

2. Review of preliminary data collection.

3. Topographical survey as necessary and relevant.

4. Detailed engineering survey as required.

5. Preparation of detailed project report.

6. Preparation of Master plan with computerized/digitized [AutoCAD Format] drawings which are compatible to GIS.

7. Financial Analysis of the system.

8. Preparation of cash flow statement.

9. Preparation of estimates [Civil/Mechanical/Electrical]

10. Preparation of [Civil/Mechanical/Electrical] conceptual drawings.

11. Preparation of tender documents.

12. Project Supervision

The detailed project report should contain complete data, information, proposal, cost estimation, optimal

cost and technical solution such as use of compact package treatment plants etc. required as per the

guidelines of Govt. of India /Govt. of Maharashtra/ Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran/ CPHEEO etc. or

adhere to International Guidelines and practices.

2.8. Other Information Detailed surveys & investigations of the water supply area considered in the project have been carried out.

Collection system have been designed to carry sewage from drain outlet from houses & building to pumping

stations.

2.9. Utility Shifting Utilities shifting involve of Water supply, telephone lines. Lumsum Provision for utilities shifting has be made

as there is no utility mapping done at this stage.

The Contractor shall incorporate his program his proposed arrangements for traffic diversions in the form of

a Traffic Management Plan, with details of all necessary signage and any temporary works for approval by

the Executive Engineer. The program shall also contain details of the timing of the proposed closure, dates

of closing and re-opening the route, and of any necessary remedial works.

Damage to Public Utilities



Accidents may occur where small diameter water pipelines and low voltage power cables are unrecorded or

where an excavator operator carelessly swings an extended boom into overhead cables. All such incidents

shall be reported to the Engineer and the Contractor shall be responsible for the expeditious repair of

accidental damage.

Prior to undertaking any works, the Contractor will obtain from the utilities agencies definition and details of

all utilities sites within 50 m of the works. These agencies shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the

following:

i. − NMMC

ii. − BSNL

iii. − MSEB

Damage to any utility at a defined site shall be made good to the satisfaction of the responsible agency at

the Contractor’s cost. Damage to utilities not defined prior to construction, despite the Contractor having

undertaken all reasonable liaisons with the responsible agencies, shall not be the responsibility of the

Contractor. It shall be the responsibility of C to ensure the utilities agencies respond in good time to the

Contractor’s requests for information.

Contractors shall liaise with each of the agencies responsible for the maintenance of utilities that are to be

crossed, temporarily diverted or otherwise affected by the works as to the timing and nature of any

disruption of service. Where required, the responsible agency shall be requested by NMMC to carry out the

necessary works at the time required and at Contractor’s cost. The Tender Documents shall contain

sufficient information on utilities crossings to permit the Contractor to include the cost of the works for which

he is responsible in his bid.

2.10. Clearance No Clearance from any department will be required. The whole work will be carried out under the per view

of, Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation

2.11. Disaster related Risk Assessment

Disaster related risk assessment is not critical for the project as designing & execution shall be per

guidelines of CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India specification. However general

considerations on disasters and their impact on sewerage system have been taken in to account while

designing & shall be followed while project execution.

Natural disaster like Flood is common in during Monsoon Season. Though city is near earthquake fault line

there is no major history of earthquake. Consideration of recent disasters reveals an increase in

vulnerability due to man-made causes. Both the frequency and impact of disasters have increased. Among

other consequences, water-supply and sewerage facilities are often seriously compromised, affecting the

health and welfare of the population.

The reasons for protecting sanitation systems from natural disasters range from protecting public health .



The interaction between natural disasters and water and sanitation systems has shown again and again

how sanitation systems are exposed to suffering severe damage. Moreover, development initiatives rarely

take into account the effect of natural disasters on such systems. The results often are:

Economic losses for the government due to the costly direct and indirect damage caused by disasters

on such systems. Direct effects involve the physical damage to the infrastructure. Indirect damage is

linked to the additional expenses that the government need to incur in order to respond to the

emergency, as well as the loss of revenue due to the interruption of their services.

A severe degradation of the quality of the services provided, leading to increased health risks.

When a disaster damages sanitation systems the impact on public health is readily apparent. One

example is the drastic increase of acute diarrheic illnesses and other water-borne diseases.

the reasons for the particular vulnerability of water and sanitation systems to natural hazards, from the

geographical extension and physical characteristics of such systems to the overwhelming importance of a

reliable supply of water in emergency conditions.

Their geographical extension exposes their components to a variety of hazards.

Difficult access to some of the components hinders their inspection both before and after a

disaster has struck.

The infrastructure is constantly expanding.

Use is continuous; service interruption or failure can maximize the negative impact of a

disaster.

Their continuity is vital during the emergency and in the recovery phase.

The only way to ensure that such infrastructure is capable of withstanding disaster situations is to apply

prevention and mitigation measures that reduce the vulnerability of the systems. Often, vulnerability starts

with the choice of an inappropriate location for the system’s components. When a given component cannot

be sited in a safe area, its design and construction must meet preventive criteria in order to ensure

continuity of services in extreme conditions. If for any reason mitigation measures cannot be adopted, it is

necessary to know the vulnerability of system components to the various hazards prevalent in the area, so

as to plan an effective response in case of an emergency. Minimum stockpiles of chemical compounds and

spare parts, previously identified as essential, are crucial to effectively respond to disaster situations.

In order not to return to the levels of vulnerability that prevailed before such an emergency—and that

become all too apparent after one has struck—preventive measures must be adopted throughout the

various stages of rehabilitation and reconstruction, such as changing the materials used, the site of the

components, or layout of the network. One of the peculiarities of water and sanitation systems is that each

component might be exposed to different hazards. Hence, measures must be taken to respond to each of

the vulnerabilities identified throughout the network The point to bear in mind is that not all components of

such systems will be affected by the same natural hazards.



2.12. Risk Management Vulnerability is linked to the intensity and hazardousness of any given event as well as to the characteristics

of the component in question. While hazards cannot be eliminated, vulnerability can be reduced to minimize

the resultant damage and improve response in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster. Reducing the

potential impact of such an event calls for disaster risk management. Risk is directly proportional to the

existing hazard and the vulnerability of the component in question. Risk reduction therefore requires

reducing either the hazard or the degree of vulnerability. Mitigation requires an investment, and its cost

must be estimated. However, water companies should bear in mind that vulnerability reduction minimizes

losses and the need for additional investments after a disaster. Generally, the impact of such catastrophic

emergencies sets back a water company’s development plans by several years, since operation and

expansion budgets must be reallocated to rebuild what has been damaged or destroyed. This does not

mean that costly investments are always necessary for effective mitigation, at least in comparison with the

price tag of rehabilitation and reconstruction.

The costs associated with vulnerability reduction—as well as the risk management strategies to be

followed—differ considerably depending on whether they apply to existing systems or those yet to be built.

In the case of existing systems, the difficulties in reaching and modifying, or replacing, some components

(for instance, underground mains) make the work more expensive. Systems still in the planning stage

provide a unique opportunity to incorporate prevention measures into the original design, reducing costs

without interfering with everyday operations.

This process of defining and implementing mitigation measures is greatly enriched when it is the result of

interdisciplinary, inter institutional efforts in which professionals and technicians contribute their knowledge

and experience, making the entire group feel more motivated and committed to the success of the

enterprise.

2.12.1. Vulnerability Assessment Risk maps The impact of natural hazards on water and sanitation systems depends on the degree of exposure to the

hazard, the technical characteristics of the component, and the structure of the system itself. It is therefore

essential first of all to identify which hazards threaten the system, particularly since its geographical

extension often means that different components are exposed to different hazards. When hazards have

been mapped and correlated with the location of the various components of the system, a risk map is

obtained. It shows which components are exposed to which hazards, and is a first step towards vulnerability

assessment. Geographical information systems are highly effective for producing risk maps, since they

analyze the available information graphically, allowing for the zoning of hazards and identifying the

components most exposed to them.

2.12.2. Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerability is the likelihood that an element or set of elements will be damaged or destroyed by the

occurrence of a disaster. When a pipeline is laid out on a riverside, or following the course of a highway, the

system is more exposed to damage if the volume of water in the river increases or the road is hit by, an

earthquake. To prevent this from happening, vulnerability must be assessed before such sites are chosen.



Once the hazards prevalent in the area have been identified, as well as their potential effects, vulnerability

analysis makes it possible to identify the physical weaknesses of the system components. Only by

determining these weaknesses can corrective measures be taken .Defining the criteria for reducing the risk

to water and sanitation systems from natural disasters is the shared responsibility the sector’s regulatory

bodies or supervisory institutions. When components are not properly sited, the infrastructure can collapse

even in the absence of major disasters. The vulnerabilities detected in the system may be identified either

quantitatively or qualitatively so as to become aware of the situations of greater risk and assign priorities for

meeting measures. In the case of each vulnerable component, an estimate must be made regarding the

level of damage it may sustain in the event of a disaster, from no damage at all to the total destruction of

the component. This analysis must be carried out for each specific event and each component of the

system that is being assessed. When carrying out the vulnerability assessment, it is necessary to identify

the local and national agency in charge of disaster reduction, their procedures and methods, and the

resources available to them. It is also important to characterize the area where the system component is

located—distance from other towns, urban structure, public health situation, degree of socioeconomic

development, services available, ways of access, etc.—and obtain a physical description of the system,

including the most relevant information concerning each component and its operation, without leaving out

seasonal data. summarizes the links between the various risk management activities in water and sanitation

systems. It underscores that, in producing disaster and emergency response plans, it is vital to be aware of

the prevailing hazards and the potential impact they might have on the system components and the level of

service. Vulnerability analysis requires that the following aspects be taken into account:

2.12.3. Administrative aspects and response capacity operation and management standards and available resources must be identified, both in normal situations

and in emergencies and disasters. The NMMC response capacity is partly a function of its prevention,

mitigation and preparedness measures, the way it has organized the operation and maintenance of its

systems, and the administrative support it can rely on for such tasks. In an emergency, it will be necessary

to make decisions and carry out speedy actions that do not follow regular procedures, such as the issuing

of public tenders for major equipment purchases or outsourced works. It is therefore important to develop

special, streamlined administrative procedures that can be put into effect regardless of whether the

emergency is decreed by the company itself or the local or national government.

2.12.4. Physical aspects and impact on the service Once the natural hazards threatening each system component have been identified, technical studies

(vulnerability assessments) are carried out to estimate the damage each of them may undergo. Only then

may the company estimate the level of service it could provide in the event of any given emergency. This

can be determined in terms of the system’s remaining supply capacity and the expected changes to the

quality of the service. It will also depend on the time required to restore services, whether partially or totally.

2.12.5. Mitigation and emergency measures Having characterized the prevailing hazards and the likely damage to the system, it is now possible to

design and implement mitigation, preparedness and response measures. Since systems that are

invulnerable to damage in any form are financially and technically impossible, it is necessary to assign



priorities to the mitigation measures to be implemented. The results of the vulnerability assessment can

have different uses, depending on the company’s resources and the criteria applied by management. What

is essential is that these assessments not remain mere academic exercises to be filed away and ignored by

the company’s decision makers.

2.12.6. Types of hazards and their consequences of water and sanitation systems In this section, each of these phenomena will be described, including the factors that turn them into natural

disasters, how they affect water and sanitation systems, and some specific mitigation and prevention

measures.

Earthquakes

Factors that determine the impact of earthquakes

The partial or total destruction of catchment, conduction, treatment, storage and distribution

structures

The rupture of pipes and damage to joints

Alterations in water quality due to landslides

Variations in the level of surface or groundwater catchments

Changes in the place water comes out of springs

The main types of damage an earthquake can cause on sanitation systems are

The partial or total destruction of catchment, conduction, treatment, storage and distribution

structures

The rupture of pipes and damage to joints

Alterations in water quality due to landslides

Variations in the level of surface or groundwater catchments

Changes in the place water comes out of springs

Earthquakes may have various causes. However, their destructive power will depend in part on the

characteristics mentioned below

Maximum probable magnitude, which relates to the quantity of energy released by seismic

motion.

Intensity, measured by the Mercalli scale, which takes into account the effects felt by people,

the damage to buildings, and the changes to the terrain.

Likelihood of occurrence.

Background—seismic events in the past as well as currently active faults. (The seismic history

of the area is a key source of data.)

Quality and types of soil and potential for liquefaction.

Conditions of groundwater, level and variations over time.



It is important to be aware of potentially unstable areas: soil that is liquefiable or oversaturated, that

might be displaced by a seismic event, and so on. The greatest danger is associated with fracture

areas, seismic faults, and the former epicenters of destructive earthquakes. Seismic events may lead

to underground instabilities, the terrain caving in, landslides, rock slides or mudflows. They can also

render oversaturated soil too soft, leading to its collapse and damaging system components in the

affected area.

2.12.7. Floods Floods are natural phenomena that may be caused by excessive rainfall, , abnormal rises in sea

level, or a combination of the above. It is important to be aware of the factors that modify runoff

behavior in a watershed. Some are climatic: variations in rainfall patterns, intersection areas,

evaporation and transpiration. Others are physiographic: characteristics of the basin such as

geological conditions, topography, the course of riverbeds, absorption capacity, type of soil, and land

use. Historical statistics (precipitation levels, river levels, etc.) are a key input for the design of water

systems. Special attention must be paid to recurrence periods and variations in the water level over

the years and decades. Flood-prone areas such as floodplains are the ones most at risk. When

silting system components, the nature of the terrain, including adjacent areas, must be taken into

account. Flood damage can take many forms: the wrenching force of flash floods, the impact of

floating debris, landslides in oversaturated areas, rockslides, and so on. The amount of damage

depends on the levels reached by the water, the violence and speed of its flow, and the geographical

area covered. The following are some of the forms in which floods may damage water and sanitation

systems Total or partial destruction of collection structures on rivers.

Silting up of components.

Depletion of catchments due to the diversion of river courses.

Rupture of exposed pipes in the path of rivers or brooks.

Rupture of pipes in coastal areas and adjacent to river banks due to storm surges.

Contamination of catchments water.

Damage to pumping equipment and electrical equipment in general.

Broadly speaking, both too much water and too little can be a problem for water supply and sewerage

systems. In the case of floods, water and sanitation system components are most vulnerable when

located where water collects or in the path of flash floods. Some water-supply system components

themselves may increase the vulnerability of the systems and that of the population, for instance

when a dam or reservoir breaks, ruptures occur in high-pressure pipes, or drinking water is supplied

to settlements located in unstable terrain without the necessary drainage, so that runoff saturates the

soil causing landslides and other mishaps.

During floods, sanitation systems, particularly combined sewers, may become obstructed and fail.

Sewerage obstructions and leaks put water-supply systems at risk from fecal and other contamination,

particularly when water-distribution and sewage networks follow roughly the same layout and are thus



in close proximity. It should be expected that different areas, or of different extension, will become

prone to flooding at different times, depending on precipitation and recurrence patterns. When

waterworks are designed, it is vital that historical variations in precipitation levels or river overflows be

taken into account.



CHAPTER-3

PROJECT COST The project cost is worked out on the basis of unified Schedule of Rates (DSR) Circulated by MJP, wherever it was found necessary the analysis for items has been done. A provision of 5% for administrative & other expenses has been made in the DPR as per tool kit of framework and process.

UNDER GROUND SEWERAGE PROJECT FOR NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Subwork No. Name of Sub Work Approved Cost 1 Working Survey 0.00 2 Collection & conveyance System

,STPs & Pumping Stations,Raw Sewage Pumping mains

3,301,906,000

3 Ring Mains 62,547,888.92

4 Miscellaneous Works (Security Guard Rooms, Compound walls, etc.)

6,505,000.00

5 Computers, Printers, scanner, Plotter, GPS etc.

0.00

7 Shifting of utilities Existing network Rehabilitation works

32,020,000.00

8 Communication strategy, public awareness campaign etc.

0.00

9 Construction of staff quarters, purchase of vehicles

14,077,000.00

10 Cost of Implementation of Environment Management Plan

0.00

Total Net Cost 3,417,055,889

Contingencies 3 % 102,511,677 Administrative charges 0.5 % 17,085,279 Total

Total Gross Cost 3,536,652,845



CHAPTER-4

PROJECT INSTITUTION FRAME WORK

The success and sustenance of the proposed Sewerage System depends on robustness and capacity of

institutional framework. It is proposed to take steps for institutional strengthening and internal capacity building

to ensure that endeavor to improve the existing scenario is successful. Institutional strengthening can be done

by adequately decentralizing the administration, delegating adequate powers at the decentralized level, by

inducting qualified and competent professionals into the administration and providing adequate training to the

existing staff.

4.1 Existing Institutional frame work for Sewerage system in Navi Mumbai

4.1.1. Manner of under taking construction work (Construction Agency):

Construction works will be undertaken by Management of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation through call of Tenders.

4.1.2. Involvement of construction entity in the subsequent O & M activity:

No additional arrangement for operation & maintenance of propose sewerage system will be

required. The present staff of NMMC maintaining the exiting sewerage system will continue to

maintain. The construction of the project shall be bid out by the Corporation, preferably under QCBS criteria, so that the quality and timely execution are ensured through selection of a competent agency. For Supervision and quality control services, NMMC has already engaged Project Management Consultant through the entire execution process and shall ensure all compliances as well.

The project would be implemented as a program within a specified time frame of 24 months from the date of award of work, which is expected from March 2008. The project would be bid out on contract/s.

The procedure to be followed in this case would be as follows:

Bid Packaging & designing with performance parameters

↓ Transparent procurement of contractor/s

↓ Project implementation

A proper supervision & maintenance structure would be evolved and adhered to for smooth

implementation of project in specified timeframe. Typically, this is best achieved by outsourcing



program management, which would include 'project management' to ensure, on behalf of the

sponsor entity, the timely and efficient implementation of the project.

The scope of such management services can include following:

Assistance in procurement of Developers/ Consultants

Financial/ Contractual negotiations

Merchant banking for Projects, if necessary

Training and capacity building

Project Management & Monitoring during implementation

Preparation of Quarterly Progress reports

Assistance in implementation of reforms such as Double entry accounting system, GIS based

Property Tax reforms, E-governance, IT applications, MIS etc.

From the project studies and financial analysis, it is evolved that a suitable framework for first level

private sector participation would be suitable for such projects. Therefore, a management contract

could be envisaged with a competent Operator for operating and maintaining the project assets for an

initial period of 4-5 years.

Under this arrangement, the management agency would be paid a lumpsum fee, decided through a

competent and transparent bidding mechanism with lowest fee as bidding parameters, for taking O&M

activity. The performance benchmarks and supervision mechanism is also coupled in the management

contract. This would primarily be aimed at enhancing the efficiency of water distribution and reduction of

water losses.

In order to improve the service delivery further it is envisaged that the management contract could be

extended to billing and collection of revenues from users. The performance would be linked to efficiency

of private sector in enhancing the benchmarks in water distribution and revenue collection.

4.1.3. Scope of Public Private Partnership In many cities in India, in view of the limitations of ULBs, private sector participation has been

introduced for operation and maintenance sewerage system. Such public private partnerships have put

a check on growth in the establishment costs, brought economy in expenditure and introduced an

element of healthy competition between the private sector and the public sector. It is therefore

proposed to consider the private sector participation for developing and operating new services.

4.1.4. Involvement of Private Sector in Construction Phase

I Project Feasibility Study Yes

i Project Engineering Design Yes

ii Specialized Surveys Yes

iii Construction Works Yes

iv Supervision Consultants Yes

v Quality Assurance Yes



4.1.6 Project implementation Planning -Package-wise contracting relationships

Project Implementation Planning: Package-wise contracting relationships

Components Pacakge 1 Pacakge 2 Pacakge 3 Working Survey 0.00

Collection & conveyance System 1045526632.67 1045526632.67 STPs & Pumping Stations ,pumping Mains 605426367.38 605426367.38

Ring Mains 62547888.92Miscellaneous Works (Security Guard Rooms, Compound walls, etc.) 3350436.60 3350436.60

Computers, Printers, scanner, Plotter, GPS etc. 0.00 0.00

Shifting of utilities Existing network Rehabilitation works 10673333.33 10673333.33 10673333.33

Communication strategy, public awareness campaign etc. 0.00 0.00

Construction of staff quarters, purchase of vehicles 14077000.00

Cost of Implementation of Environment Management Plan 0.00 0.00 Total cost phase 1664976769.99 1664976769.99 87298222.25Total Net Cost



CHAPTER-5

PROJECT FINANCIAL STRUCTURING

5.1 Overall financial structuring

Sr. No Govt % of share Amt (Rs. In crores)

1 Central 35% 123.78 2 State 15% 53.05 3 ULB/ Parastatal 50% 176.83 Total 100% 353.66

The total funds required to finance the cost of scheme aggregates to Rs.353.66 Crores.

The requirement of funds is detailed in chapter 3.

The above requirement of funds is proposed to be met by grants available under the Jawahar Lal Nehru

National Urban Renewable Mission (JNNURM). The scheme is detailed in the subsequent paragraphs.

Some part of the total cost of the scheme would be met by the State Government / NMMC / Financial

5.2 Grants under JNNURM

JNNURM, announced in December 2005, is a reform-driven, fast-track. Planned development of identified town

with focus on efficiency in urban infrastructure and services delivery, community participation and accountability

of local government towards citizens. The salient features of this scheme are:

Preparation of sector-wise project reports by identified cities listing projects and their priority. The thrust

area are re-development of inner (old) city areas, water supply and sanitation, sewerage and solid

waste management, construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains, construction / up-

gradation of roads, highways/expressways, parking lots/spaces on public private partnership basis etc.

The grant assistance (both central and state) to act as seed money to leverage additional resources

from financial institution/capital market.

Under JNNURM, 63 cities, Comprising 35 cities with a population of over 10 Lacks and 28 cities of historical /

cultural importance are covered. The funding pattern is to be 35:15:50 (between Centre, State, ULB/finance

institutions) for mega cities (> 40 Lacks population) and 50:30:20 for cities with population between 10 Lacks

and 40 Lacks and 80:10:10 for cities of cultural and historical importance.

Navi Mumbai is already proposed as part of Mumbai agglomeration to be financed under JNNURM. As per the

above the total cost of the scheme estimated would be financed in the ratio of 35:15:50 between Centre, State,

our NMMC/financial institutions.



5.3 Financial Returns

The service of pricing of sewerage mainly by user charges through taxation is based on a level to meet

recovery of annual O&M expense. There is thus no surplus left in profit & Loss account i.e. revenue less

expenditure stream. Hence financial parameters like IRR, return on assets etc have not been evaluated with

the whole scheme being funded by grants; such a financial framework can be considered by sustainable for

the scheme. The Corporation also expects revenue from sell of recycled water to industries in MIDC area.

5.4 Review Options for

* Institutional debt Capital Cost of the entire project is to be met by grants and NMMC’s internal resources. No institutional debt is involved in financing the projects.

* Private sector participation Private Sector participation is not involved in financing the project.



CHAPTER-6

PROJECT PHASING

The Project has been adequately planned in terms of scheduling and phasing and covering all relevant modules.

6.1 Schedules for Tendering/selection of procurement of services Schedule for tendering /selection for procurement of services has been divided into three subheads as described below.

6.2 Construction contractors Schedule for tendering construction works to contractors is already given in article 4.5

6.3 Consultants NMMC has procured the services of M/s Tandon & Associates for preparation of Detailed Project report & Project Management Consultant.

6.4 Specialized Activities: All the activities are such that they do not need any special services. If CSMC directs for any special service then it will be taken at the same time.

6.5 Schedule for bringing in state level and ULB level contributions to the project (Rs.in Crores)

Year 2009 & 2010 Year 2010 & 2011 S.

No. Sources

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total 1. GoI 15.47 15.47 15.47 15.47 61.89 15.47 15.47 15.47 15.47 61.89

2. State 6.63 6.63 6.63 6.63 26.52 6.63 6.63 6.63 6.63 26.52

3. ULB 22.10 22.10 22.10 22.10 88.42 22.10 22.10 22.10 22.10 88.42

4. Others

Total 44.21 44.21 44.21 44.21 176.83 44.21 44.21 44.21 44.21 176.83

Please refer to Key mile stone attached.

6.6 Schedule of clearance No Clearance from any department will be needed. The whole work will be carried out under the per view of NMMC.

6.7 Schedule for shifting utilities Utilities e.g. telecom, electricity, gas etc. shall be shifted by service providers before commencement of works after making required amount deposits.

6.8 Project infrastructure component wise implementation Please refer to Key Mile Stone chart and Art 4.5 attached. Further detailed information regarding this will be provided within 30 days of CSMC approval.



6.9 Key Mile Stone

S.No Process RemarksStart Finish

(months) (months) (months)

1 Feasibility Report 2 0 2 Start 1 2

Preparation of DPR 6 2 8 3 4 5 6 7 8

2Technical approval from MJP

2 7 9 8 9

3

Rating from recognize Govt. aganices as well as Loan permission from Govt. of Maharashtra 1 10 10 10

4 DPR approval from MMRDA 1 11 11 11

5 DPR approval from GOI 2 12 13 12 13

6 Fund release from GOI 1 13 13 13

7Arrangeing Finance of local body & Signing of MOA 2 14 15 14 15

8 Tender process 2 15 16 15 16

9 Work in progress for Phase 1 12 17 28

10 Work in progress for Phase 2 12 29 40 Finsh

NMMC improvement in water distribution schemeDuration of Time Estimated

Time

17-28

29-40

Scheduling of Work in Months

Actual Project Implementation period shall be 24 months as per JnNURM guidelines



6.10 PERT & CPM Chart



PERT / CPM Analysis :-

Task Start months Schedule time in months

Completion time in months Slack Total

CSMC approval 0 1 1 0 1Tendering process 0 2 2 1 3

Commencement Report to Jnnurm Directorate 2 1 3 0 3Fund Release for phase 1 1 1 2 0.5 1.5Award of contract 2 0.5 2.5 0.5 3Execution of phase 1 3 12 15 1 16Submission of Quarterly project progress Report & Status of reform 3 0 15 0.5 16.5Review of project progress Report & Status of reform by SLNA & CSMC 15 0.5 15.5 0.5 17Release of Funds for next phase 15.5 0.5 16 0.5 17.5Execution of phase 2 16 12 28 1 30.5



CHAPTER-7

PROJECT O & M PLANNING In this detailed project report assessment regarding requirement & planning for long term O & M sustainability has

been done. It is planned that maintenance expenditure will be meet out by income from collection of sewerage tax

and sewerage benefit tax from residents & business in city.

7.1 Possible O&M Framework

(i) Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation would take up the responsibility of the O&M of the created infrastructure.

(ii) A management contract could be envisaged with a competent operator for operating and maintaining the project assets for an initial period of 4-5 years. Under this arrangement, the management agency would be paid a lump sum fee, decided through a competent and transparent bidding mechanism with ‘Quality Cost Base Selection’ methodology as bidding criteria, for taking O&M activity. The performance benchmarks and supervision mechanism is also coupled in the management contract. This would primarily be aimed at enhancing the efficiency of sewerage treatment plant and pumping station, Quality of maintenance of sewerage collection system.

(iii) In order to improve the service delivery further it is envisaged that the management contract could be extended to billing and collection of revenues from users. The performance would be linked to efficiency of operator in enhancing the benchmarks in water distribution and revenue collection.

7.2 Performance based Contract

a. An alternative framework for first level private sector participation would be a performance based contract which could be signed with competent contractor who, after the execution of the EPC contract, would also be responsible for operating and maintaining the project assets for a initial period of 5 years or more.

b. Under this arrangement, the private entity would be contracted through a competent and transparent bidding mechanism with QCBS methodology incorporating both Construction and O&M based variables as bidding parameter. The payment structure would be so designed so as to liquidate about 90% of the EPC/ Construction costs on successful completion whereas



the annual O&M charges along with the balance construction costs could be paid as an annual lumpsum fee.

c. The performance benchmarks under this arrangement would be clearly spelt out as part of the bidding documents. This type of arrangement would aim at enhancing the O & M activities, including asset maintenance & renewal, efficiency of water distribution and reduction of water losses. The service delivery improvements would include billing and collection of revenues from users thereby bringing in private sector efficiencies to maximize revenues along with improvement of service levels.

d. There could be further incentivisation towards sharing of revenues beyond that is agreed as the performance benchmarks. Of course, under this arrangement the capital expenditure (other than minor repairs) would be the responsibility of the owner of the facility.

These frameworks have been outlined in consideration of the size of the project and current framework within existing government setup in taking up such initiatives. The exact nature of arrangement would be finalized and detailed prior to the procurement process.

7.2.1. Customer Service

In order to maintain the efficiency and improve customer satisfaction a study will be undertaken of the interfaces between the Operator and his customers. This will be undertaken during the early months of operation and thereafter similar test will be made in order to monitor the improvements in customer service and effectiveness of the steps taken.

7.2.2. Customer Complaints

Complaints received from the customer regarding mal attention would be investigated with special reference to the procedures invoked, so as to establish and correct any weakness.

7.3 Tariff & User Cost Recovery

Capital expenditure & Operation expenditure of Sewerage sector shall be continue to met with sewerage tax 3% & sewerage benefit tax included which is part of property tax. Sewerage tax for residential area is 3% for non residential area is 7%. Sewerage benefit tax is 1 % for residential area & 2% for non residential area. The corporation is planning sell recycle water from STPs to industries in MIDC area.



CHAPTER-8

PROJECT FINANCIAL VIABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

8.1 Overall project perspectives

Capital is to be shared by Central Government; State Government & NMMC Financial status of

NMMC is capable of fulfilling the need through its resources.

O & M viability has been considered in this Project.

8.2 ANNUAL MAINTENANCE

The maintenance of pipeline is classified into various sub-heads. It includes periodical inspection, ordinary repairs, periodical renewals, special repairs, maintenance and repair of culverts etc. NMMC will constitute various committees for framing the norms of maintenance and repairs of various categories of pipeline.

8.2.1. Revenue Structure

Capital expenditure & Operation expenditure of Sewerage sector is met with sewerage tax 3% & sewerage benefit tax included which is part of property tax. Sewerage tax for residential area is 3% for non residential area is 7%. Sewerage benefit tax is 1 % for residential area & 2% for non residential area. The corporation also expecting revenue from Recycled water sold to industries in MIDC area.

8.2.2. 0& M Costs & Revolving Fund

(i) Operating cost components are Salary costs, electricity, material costs (Chlorine, chemicals, repair materials) & spares. These costs are based on market rates and the costs incurred in similar projects in the State, while incorporating adjustments w.r.t. scale of operations and wholesale price indices.

(ii) The O&M Costs estimation basis is included in the Assumptions sheet in the later part of this chapter. The O&M Costs detailing has been exhibited in the Operation & Maintenance Costs sheet, later in this chapter.

Maintenance Cost Annually Income Annually Sl. No.

Name of Area

Total Cost of Project in Crore

2011 (Amount in Crore)



2011 (Amount in Crore


2026 (Amount in

Crore) 1 Sewerage

Sector Rs.353.66 Rs.23.87 Rs.51.42 Rs.77.24 Rs.259.78 Rs.815.30 Rs.1444.28



(iii) As suggested in JNNURM guidelines, a Revolving Fund would be created at NMMC by Loan from MMRDA for the project to cater to the future requirements of developing and maintaining urban infrastructure facilities. The contributions from the Project revenues to the above fund would be to the tune of 10% of financial assistance.

8.2.3. Assumptions of Financial Analysis

The important assumptions for the financial sustainability assessment are:

(i) The project would follow all norms specified in JNNURM

(ii) Gol would be providing a funding support in the form of Grant, to the extent of 35%, as specified in guidelines.

(iii) The implementation/ construction period is assessed at 18 months, starting from March 2008.

(iv) Tariff increase has been assumed at 15% every 5 years.

(v) Water charges collection efficiency has been assumed at 70% in the first 3 years of operation, which is expected to increase to 80% for 4th - 6th years of operation and is thereafter maintained at 90%.

(vi) Inflation rate has been assumed at 5% per annum.

(vii) There shall be saving of 5% in revenue expenditure

(vii) Recycle water shall be sold minimum 20%

With above assumptions EIRR for project is 20.17%

8.2.4. NMMC level perspectives and financial situation assessment

Cash Flow Statement for NMMC 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Property Tax 3183 4583 5278 5722 7362 Octroi Cess 6924 8683 9449 12637 16188 Income from Property and Utilities

1542 3383 3822 4888 4950

Water Supply 2659 4381 3628 3961 4456 Other revenue from services 1445 2637 1285 2085 2578 Other taxes 1474 1263 1927 2213 2471 Total Income 17227 24930 25389 31506 38005



Sewerage Sector Project Expenditure Projection:- Cash Flow Statement

Year Loan to be taken

Loan Outstanding

Loan Repayment

Principal Debt

Servicing DepriciationProject O & m expe.

Revenue Expenditure

Total Expdt.

Revenue from

Property Tax

Total

Surplus ________

Deficit

col11-col9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 12

2008-09 57.31 172.32 3.85 14.09 0.00 3.44 2.49 23.87 259.78 235.91 2009-10 57.31 168.16 4.16 13.79 0.00 3.78 2.74 24.46 285.76 261.29 2010-11 57.31 163.67 4.49 13.45 5.73 4.16 3.01 30.85 314.33 283.49 2011-12 158.82 4.85 13.09 6.30 4.58 3.31 32.14 345.77 313.63 2012-13 153.59 5.24 12.71 6.93 5.03 3.65 33.56 380.34 346.79 2013-14 147.93 5.66 12.29 7.63 5.54 4.01 35.12 418.38 383.26 2014-15 141.82 6.11 11.83 8.39 6.09 4.41 36.84 460.22 423.38 2015-16 135.22 6.60 11.35 9.23 6.70 4.85 38.73 506.24 467.51 2016-17 128.10 7.13 10.82 10.15 7.37 5.34 40.81 556.86 516.06 2017-18 120.40 7.70 10.25 11.17 8.11 5.87 43.09 612.55 569.46 2018-19 112.09 8.31 9.63 12.29 8.92 6.46 45.61 673.80 628.20 2019-20 103.11 8.98 8.97 13.51 9.81 7.10 48.37 741.18 692.81 2020-21 93.42 9.69 8.25 14.87 10.79 7.81 51.42 815.30 763.89 2021-22 82.95 10.47 7.47 16.35 11.87 8.60 54.76 896.83 842.07 2022-23 71.64 11.31 6.64 17.99 13.06 9.46 58.44 986.51 928.07 2023-24 59.43 12.21 5.73 19.79 14.36 10.40 62.49 1085.17 1022.67 2024-25 46.24 13.19 4.75 21.76 15.80 11.44 66.95 1193.68 1126.73 2025-26 32.00 14.24 3.70 23.94 17.38 12.59 71.85 1313.05 1241.20 2026-27 16.61 15.38 2.56 26.33 19.12 13.84 77.24 1444.36 1367.11 2027-28 0.00 15.29 1.33 28.97 21.03 15.23 81.84 1588.79 1506.95 142.615 958.442 13920.46

*All figures in Rs. Cr..



CHAPTER-9

PROJECT BENEFIT ASSESMENNT 9.1 Positive Impact Sewerage Project

Environment, sanitation improvement

Better hygienic condition and health status of people

Decrease in morbidity and mortality rate

Decrease in expenditure on health treatment

Decrease on thane creek pollution

Network will prevent pollution on road and near human settlements

Sludge use for manure in agriculture

Use of effluents in agriculture, horticulture and industrial purposes

Waste water treated used for industrial, agricultural and other purposes will save drinking water

Revenue to NMMC through treated waste water

Employment opportunities to unskilled and semi skilled persons during construction and service to a few persons in O&M

9.2 Negative Impact Sewerage Project

Land reservation under Govt., public Garden or park area will have to be utilize for pumping &

Sewage treatment plant.

Public disruption due to traffic congestion etc. during construction

Effective utilization of a sewerage system depends much on a reliable supply of water. Both

the central government and local authorities involved have become more aware of the need for

more adequate water supply, although the problem of water shortage persists.



9.3 Mitigation measures Sewerage Project

Improvement in Park area

Assistance in maintenance of park and recreation activities to users

Land acquisition minimum to meet the project requirements

Adequate social safeguard will be taken by diversion traffic temporarily and putting signage for the convenience of transporters

Small temporary fencing near densely populated site will avoid accidents. Safety and security

to public during construction will be ensured

Road and land will be restored to original condition

Replacement by new plantations against the cutting of trees, wherever unavoidable

Access to emergency services- ambulance, police etc to people during construction period

Periodic inspections for maintenance and repairs of projects