NMMB Tutorial, NCEP, Maryland, April 1st, 2015 Carlos Pérez García-Pando Columbia University NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (On behalf of Oriol Jorba from Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain) Contributors: Z. Janjic, T. Black, R. Vasic (NCEP), S. Basart, A. Badia, M. Spada, J.M. Baldasano, E. DiTomaso, G.S. Markomanolis, K. Serradell, A. Folch, A. Martí, M. Gonçalves (BSC), D. Dabdub (UCI), R. Miller, K. Tsigaridis (NASA GISS), J. Soares (FMI) The NMMB/BSC-CTM model: description and results
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NMMB Tutorial, NCEP, Maryland, April 1st, 2015
Carlos Pérez García-PandoColumbia University
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
(On behalf of Oriol Jorba from Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain)
Contributors: Z. Janjic, T. Black, R. Vasic (NCEP), S. Basart, A. Badia, M. Spada, J.M. Baldasano, E. DiTomaso, G.S. Markomanolis, K. Serradell,
A. Folch, A. Martí, M. Gonçalves (BSC), D. Dabdub (UCI), R. Miller, K. Tsigaridis (NASA GISS), J. Soares (FMI)
The NMMB/BSC-CTM model: description and results
• Multiscale: regional to global scales
• On-line coupled aerosols and chemistry allowing consistency and feedbacks
NMMB/BSC-CTM
Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B-grid (NMMB)meteo variables/parameters
→ Janjic and Gall (NCAR/TN 2012)→ Janjic and Vasic (EGU2012)→ Janjic et al. (MWR 2011)→ (...)
BSC Chemical Transport Model(gas/aerosol variables: mass mixing ratios)
NMMB/BSC-Chemical Transport Model (Overview)
GAS-PHASECHEMISTRY
→ Jorba et al. (JGR 2012)→ Badia and Jorba (AE 2014)→ Badia et al. (GMD 2015 in prep)
→ Pérez et al. (ACP 2011)→ Haustein et al. (ACP 2012)
→ Spada et al. (ACP 2013)→ Spada et al. (AE 2014)
→ Spada et al. (GMD 2015 in prep)
AEROSOLS
Aerosols I• Mass-based approach. Dry sizes remain constant throughout the model simulation
• The wet size of hygroscopic particles changes with relative humidity for radiation and sedimentation calculations
• Dust: 8 size bins emitted as a function of friction velocity through a physically based dust emission scheme. Tested at global and regional scales (Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe)
• Sea-salt: 8 size bins emitted as a function of 10-m wind speed. 5 emission schemes available and thoroughly evaluated
• Black Carbon (BC): 2 tracers, one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic. Hydrophobic BC converted to hydrophilic with an e-folding time of 1.2 days (as in GOCART)
• Organic Matter (OM):
Primary Organic Matter (POA): 2 tracers, one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic. Hydrophobic OM converted to hydrophilic with an e-folding time of 1.2 days (as in GOCART)
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA): 4 gaseous and 4 aerosol-phase tracers. SOA produced by the reversible partitioning of the semi-volatile gaseous O3 oxidation products of isoprene and terpenes (Tsigaridis and Kanakidou, 2003; 2007). Anthropogenic SOA produced from toluene and xylene is under development
and 3 online or climatological oxidants (OH, O3, HO2). Includes gas-phase oxidation of SO2, DMS and H202 by OH, and aqueous-phase oxidation by H202 and O3 (Sander et al., 2006, 2011)
• Nitrate (NO3) and Ammonium (NH4): as calculated by EQSAM thermodynamic equilibrium model but not tested yet (Metztger et al. 2002)
• Dry deposition from the bottom layer includes aerodynamic and surface resistance (Zhang et al., 2001)
• Gravitational settling follows the Stokes approximation including the Cunningham correction factor accounting for reduced viscosity for small aerosols
• In-cloud and below cloud scavenging from grid-scale (Ferrier) and sub-grid scale (BMJ) clouds
NEMS/NMMB • Chemistry implemented on-line within NMMB routines• Inline aerosol dynamic emissions and wet depositions• On-line with modular implementation of chemistry and
gas depositions• Same advection, diffusion routines as NMMB
Configure file (not exhaustive)num_dust: 8 # Number of dust transport bins (0 or 8 works - 4 also planned)num_salt: 8 # Number of sea salt tranport bins (0 or 8 works - 4 also planned)num_om: 0 # Number of organic matter transport bins (0 or 6 works)num_bc: 0 # Number of black carbon transport bins (0 or 2 works) num_so4: 1 # Number of sulfate transport bins (0 or 1 works)num_no3: 0 # Number of nitrate transport bins (0 or 3 works)num_nh4: 0 # Number of ammonium transport bins (0 or 1 works)
bc_aero: false # Do we have aerosol BC for parent domain on regional runs (true or false)?
chem_mech: 0 # 0 no gas-phase chemistry # 1 CB-IV chemical mechanism from KPP # 2 CBM05 chemical mechanism from KPP # 22 CBM05 chemical mech. with EBI-solver from CMAQ # 6 SO4-SOA-GLOBAL MECHANISM # 7 SO4-SOA-NI-GLOBAL MECHANISM
diff_chem: true # Lateral diffusion for chem/aerosol speciesadv_chem: true # Horizontal and vertical advection for chem/aerosol species incloud_conv: true # Aerosol In-cloud scavenging from convective cloudsbcloud_conv: true # Aerosol below-cloud scavenging from convective cloudsincloud_strt: true # Aerosol in-cloud scavenging from stratiform cloudsbcloud_strt: true # Aerosol below-cloud scavenging from stratiform clouds conv_trans: true # Convective adjustment of aerosol arraysvdiff_chem: true # vertical diffusiondry_dep: true # Aerosol dry depositionnewsedim: true # new aerosol sedimentation nsedim: 4 # Adjustment steps between new sedimentation calls
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Configure file (not exhaustive) For RRTM radiation
iaer: 22 # flag for aerosols scheme selection (all options work for N12B) # - 3-digit aerosol flag (volc,lw,sw) # = 0: turn all aeros effects off (sw,lw,volc) # = 1: use clim tropspheric aerosol for sw only # = 10: use clim tropspheric aerosol for lw only # = 11: use clim tropspheric aerosol for both sw and lw (def. NCEP) # =100: volc aerosol only for both sw and lw # =101: volc and clim trops aerosol for sw only # =110: volc and clim trops aerosol for lw only # =111: volc and clim trops aerosol for both sw and lw # = 2: gocart/BSC-Chem tropspheric aerosol for sw only # = 20: gocart/BSC-Chem tropspheric aerosol for lw only # = 22: gocart/BSC-Chem tropspheric aerosol for both sw and lw # =102: volc and gocart/BSC-Chem trops aerosol for sw only # =120: volc and gocart/BSC-Chem trops aerosol for lw only # =122: volc and gocart/BSC-Chem trops aerosol for both sw and lw
fhdust: 100000. # = 0 dust determined from gocart clim # > 0. and <99999. determined from nmmb fcst and gocart clim # >99999. determined from fcst
fhsalt: 0. fhom: 0. fhbc: 0.fhso4: 0. fhash: 0.
4 soil particle size populations and 8 dust transport particle sizes
GcFS
ii
tta su
u
u
uu
gG
2*
2*
*
*3* 11
Vertical flux
Horizontal fluxWhite (1979)
a vertical to horizontal flux ratioc tuning parametersi relative surface area of each soil particle fraction
Dust (emission)
68.0'** )(21.11 wwuu tdryt
ClayClayw %17.0%0014.0' 2 Soil moisture effectsFecan et al. (1999)
Threshold frictionvelocity of dry andsmooth soilIversen and White (1982)Marticorena and Bergametti (1995)
A landuse fraction (desert mask) [0-1]P preferential source probability [0-1]VF Vegetation fraction [0-1]
Source functionGinoux et al. (2001)
5
minmax
max
zz
zzS i
Pérez et al. (2011 ACP)
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Dust (results)
Global (Year 2000, 1.4x1 deg), surface concentration
Pérez et al. (2011 ACP)
Dust (results)
Global (Year 2000, 1.4x1 deg), Aerosol Optical Depth
Pérez et al. (2011 ACP)
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Dust (results)
Regional daily (Year 2006, 0.25x0.25 deg)
R ranges between0.6 and 0.8 withoutdata assimilation inNorthern Africa, MiddleEast and Europe)
AERONET
Pérez et al. (2011 ACP)
• Simulations between 2002 and 2006
• 5 online emission schemes implemented and tested (dependent on U10 and/or SST)
• Jaegle et al. (2011) best for surface concentrations globally (U. Miami stations) but tends to overestimate coarse AOD in tropical stations
Sea-salt (global) Spada et al. (2013 ACP)
• Stations that unaffected by local surf conditions may no be considered representative of open ocean conditions from a meteorological point of view
• Enhancing resolution 1 deg to 0.1 deg over
New Zeland: Sea-salt conc biases corrected in U. Miami stations surrounded by topography (factor of 2!)
Sea-salt (regional)Spada et al. (2015 AtmEnv)
• Anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions: ACCMIP (annual)• Fires' inj. height: IS4F (monthly) • Simulated years: 2002–2006 (monthly means eval.)
OA / BC / SO4Spada et al. (2015 GMD in prep)
Clear sky AOD
Monthly data from 240 AERONET stations between 2002 and 2006
Spada et al. (2015 GMD in prep)
Strong overestimation over fire regions
Good agreement over polluted areas.
Need to implement attenuation of radiation due to aerosols in photolysis scheme.
• Anthr. and BB emissions: ACCMIP• Biogenic emissions: MEGAN• No lightning emissions• 1 year spin-up• 2004 simulation Comparison with MOPITT (v5) at 800 hPa
Carbon Monoxide (CO)Badia et al. (2015, GMD in prep)
NO2 Vertical Tropospheric ColumnBadia et al. (2015, GMD in prep)
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rural WDCGG, CASTNET and EMEP stations
O3 surfaceBadia et al. (2015, GMD in prep)
Period: Run one year simulation (2010).
Domain: European simulations: 30W- 60E, 25N-70N
Chemical BC: MACC (IFS-MOZART)
Meteorological BC: NCEP/FNL 1ºx1º
Emissions: TNO-MACC; Biogenics: MEGAN; No Fire Emissions
Horizontal Resolution: 0.2º x 0.2º
Vertical Resolution: 24 (and 48) top 50hPa
Gas Chemical mechanism: CB05 Blue: model domainRed: AQMEII domain (to submit)Green: BC domain
Regional Experiment configuration – AQMEII-Phase2
Badia and Jorba (2014, AtmEnv)Ulas et al. (2014)
O3
• Captures high NO2 over the most polluted regions.• Over land: Overestimates in big cities and underestimates in rural regions.• Over sea: Overestimation in Mediterranean (Italy) and North seas -> shipping emissions or
stability of marine boundary layer?
r=0.65
r= 0.87
r=0.84
r=0.84
(Badia and Jorba, 2014)
NO2 Vertical Tropospheric Column vs OMI
CO mixing ratio against MOPITT
• The pattern of emissions in central EU is well-captured.• Over land: satellite evaluation confirms that there is a general trend to underestimate
surface CO• Summer underestimation due to no fire emissions (important fires in Russia and Portugal)
r=0.91
r= 0.87
r=0.82
r=0.90
(Badia and Jorba, 2014)
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Ongoing and future developments and research activities• Complete modularity of the BSC-CTM code within NMMB code
• Test NMMB/BSC-CTM with online nesting (global-regional/regional-regional)
• Replace current WRF/CMAQ/DREAM air quality forecasts for Europe (12 km) and Spain (4 km) at BSC (CALIOPE System)
• Test regional model for North America
• Updating dust emission scheme and dust sources for high resolution NEMS dust forecasts in the US (P. Ginoux, A. Deroubaix, S. Basart)
• Coupling of chemistry gas-phase with a detailed SOA scheme for high-resolutions applications (D. Dabdub, M. Spada)
• Evaluate nitrate and ammonium (M. Spada)
• Online coupling of a volcanic ash module (Fall3D model, A. Marti and A. Folch)
• Aerosol-radiation feedbacks: effects upon weather forecasts (A. Gikkas), and regional climate simulations (M. Gonçalves)
• Aerosol data assimilation data assimilation using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) (Enza DiTomaso)
Participates in the ICAP global-model intercomparison project http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/icap.1087.php
Mineral dust forecasts at the WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning System DS-WAS North Africa, Middle East and Europe portal
http://sds-was.aemet.es/
AQMEII on-line Air Quality model intercomparison project